橡胶制品织物的鉴别

纤维聚合物的鉴别是以测定聚合物熔点或根据纤维在不同溶剂中的溶解度为基础的(参看下表)。这类方法不但劳动强度大,而且选择性也不够。本文研究了采用红外光谱法和气相裂解色谱法来鉴别橡胶制品中增强层织物的可能性。红外光谱法是通过比较未知样品与标样的谱图或比较特征频率来鉴别的。测试用红外光     

红外光谱法区分不同激光打印机墨粉

利用傅立叶变换红外光谱法对6种不同品牌的激光打印机墨粉进行种类分析,确定了墨粉中添加的树脂成分。同时还对同一品牌的7种不同型号的激光打印机墨粉进行了红外光谱特征峰及谱峰细节特征研究,通过比对各样品中红外光谱吸收峰的差异,达到区分不同墨粉的目的。     

丁苯橡胶的微观结构表征方法研究（轮胎会）

介绍了折光法、紫外光谱法、裂解气相法、核磁共振法、红外光法等5种常见的丁苯橡胶微观结构表征方法。其中,折光法、裂解气相色谱法和紫外光谱法能够测定SBR的苯乙烯含量,核磁共振法和红外光谱法都能够测定全部四种微观结构;五种测试方法中,核磁共振法测试重复性最好,裂解气相色谱法最差;裂解气相色谱法样品处理最简单,紫外光谱法样品处理最繁琐;折光法和核磁共振法无需标准品标定,其余三种方法需使用已知结构的SBR标准品标定。     

法庭科学中橡胶物证的检验

介绍法庭科学中橡胶物证的检验方法。橡胶物证检验一般包括外观检验（形状、断面形貌和附着物）、硬度测定、胶种鉴定（燃烧试验、傅立叶红外光谱及裂解气相色谱法）、炭黑检验（切片法和喷撒法）、无机元素测定（扫描电镜-X射线能谱仪和原子发射或吸收光谱）以及有机助剂鉴定（薄层色谱和紫外-可见光谱法）。     

橡胶特征裂解产物的鉴定方法

主要介绍各种硫化橡胶的裂解反应类型,特征裂解产物及其鉴别方法。化学法、红外光谱法和裂解气相色谱法均能鉴定橡胶的特征裂解产物。     

聚氨酯未知样品的分析鉴定

本文较详细地叙述了用一般化学方法,红外光谱法及裂解气相色谱法对聚氨酯未知样品的分析鉴定。能够较准确地鉴别出聚氨酯的类型、链延长剂二醇或二胺的类型、二异氰酸酯的种类以及聚氨酯中的多元醇等。     

裂解气相色谱法测定四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物的组成

<正> 不同组成的四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物(以下简称FEP)其物理和加工性能也不同。Alcatsulca等应用核磁共振、居里点裂解气相色谱和红外光谱法测定了FEP的组成,但其裂解气相色谱法测得的数据未能令人满意。本文使用居里点裂解气相色谱法对不同组成的FEP样品进行了测定,选择裂解产物中的四氟乙烯与六氟丙烯碎片为定量特征峰,其含量的相对变化,能反映FEP的组成。     

酸消化法测定与高不饱和橡胶并用的低不饱和橡胶

采用严格控制的酸消化法有选择性地消化高不饱和橡胶，再借助裂解气相色谱法或红外光谱法和热裂解法对并用胶中的低不饱和橡胶进行定性、定量测定。采用此方法可以在ＥＰＤＭ和ＩＲ并用比例低于２０％时鉴定出它的存在，并精确测定出其含量     

四氟化硅气体中杂质的检测及净化研究进展

介绍了四氟化硅气体中杂质的4种检测方法:气相色谱法、红外光谱法、气相色谱质谱法、原子发射光谱法。其中,气相色谱法一般用来测定四氟化硅气体中的烃类杂质,红外光谱法主要用来测定四氟化硅气体中的氟硅烷、氟氧硅烷、氟硅醇杂质。气相色谱质谱法用来测定四氟化硅气体中的六氟化硫杂质,原子发射光谱法主要用来测定四氟化硅气体中的金属杂质。然后对四氟化硅气体的不同净化方法进行列举,并对净化工艺的条件、优缺点进行了阐述。     

四氟化硅气体中杂质的检测及净化研究进展

介绍了四氟化硅气体中杂质的4种检测方法:气相色谱法、红外光谱法、气相色谱质谱法、原子发射光谱法。其中,气相色谱法一般用来测定四氟化硅气体中的烃类杂质,红外光谱法主要用来测定四氟化硅气体中的氟硅烷、氟氧硅烷、氟硅醇杂质。气相色谱质谱法用来测定四氟化硅气体中的六氟化硫杂质,原子发射光谱法主要用来测定四氟化硅气体中的金属杂质。然后对四氟化硅气体的不同净化方法进行列举,并对净化工艺的条件、优缺点进行了阐述。     

基于TG/FT-IR, Py-GC/MS的聚乳酸塑料热降解研究

采用TG/FT-IR、Py-GC/MS联用技术研究了可降解塑料聚乳酸的气体释放过程及其热解产物.研究表明,聚乳酸在320～370℃区间发生剧烈热解反应,DTG曲线在359℃时出现最大值.热解气体的逸出情况由FT-IR进行实时检测,并且定性分析了CH_4, CO_2, CO 和有机物等产物的析出情况.通过比较TG/DTG曲线和FT-IR数据,发现DTG和FT-IR分析结果较为一致.Py-GC/MS联用技术用来分析聚乳酸热解产物,结果表明醛、酮、酯及低聚物是主要降解产物.Py-GC/MS方法快速、简便、准确,不失为聚合物热解研究的良好方法.     

Aggregation structure and molecular motion of (glass-fiber/matrix nylon 66) interface in short glass-fiber reinforced nylon 66 composites

Aggregation structure and thermal molecular motion of an adhered polymer layer on a glass-fiber (GF) surface after a removal of nylon 66 from a short glass-fiber reinforced nylon 66 were studied on the basis of photoacoustic spectroscopy-infrared spectroscopy (PAS-IR), pyrolysis-gas chromatography (Py-GC), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning viscoelasticity microscopy (SVM). PAS-IR, Py-GC and XPS measurements of the GF surface showed the presence of strongly adhered nylon 66 layer on the surface of aminosilane-treated GF. The glass transition temperature, T_g, of the adhered nylon 66 layer on the glass-fiber surface was directly evaluated on the basis of SVM measurement. In the case of the GF treated with an aminosilane coupling agent and a sizing agent, the magnitude of T_g at the (GF/nylon 66) interfacial layer was higher than that of the matrix nylon 66 due to the effective restriction of thermal molecular motion of nylon 66 at the (GF/nylon 66) interfacial layer. It is reasonable to consider that the sizing agent affects the strong interfacial interaction between a glass-fiber surface and matrix nylon 66 with covalent bond formation accompanying the network structure formation.     

Characterization of Barium Titanate Powders: Barium Carbonate Identification

A range of methods for the detection of barium carbonate contaminant in barium titanate powder has been assessed, namely: X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), with EDS-X-ray microanalysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), gas chromatography (GC) for analysis of carbon, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The most satisfactory procedure for the detection of the small amounts of BaCO₃ commonly present is FT-IR. Surface analyses by XPS show that the carbonate is present as a discrete phase and is not a surface film on barium titanate particles.     

Processing and characterization of carbon nanofibers obtained from PAN/lignin blends processed by electrospinning

Blankets based on blends with different PAN/lignin ratios (10 and 50% wt. of lignin) were processed via electrospinning. Then, the blankets obtained were thermally treated in order to produce samples of carbon nanofibers. The thermo-oxidative stabilization parameters were defined based on a 2³-factorial design. The samples, after stabilization, were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) techniques. Based on the results, the best parameters for the stabilization of electrospun, blankets were selected, and subsequently, the most adequate carbonization parameters were established to obtain the carbon blankets. The carbonized blankets were characterized for electrical conductivity by impedance spectroscopy, chemical structure (Raman and FT-IR spectroscopies), crystallographic ordering by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and morphology (SEM). The results showed the feasibility of producing carbon blankets based on PAN/lignin blends. However, carbonized blankets showed low carbon yield (10–56%) and a decrease of up to 70% in fiber diameter. XRD and Raman spectroscopy showed that the structural ordering of carbon blankets presents different values according to the heat treatment parameters used (45–57%) and a poorly ordered structure, indicated by the ID/IG ratio.     

色粉纸用自交联丙烯酸树脂乳液的合成及性能

根据色粉纸表面固砂的性能要求,以丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、甲基丙烯酸异辛酯(EHMA)为软单体、丙烯酸甲酯(MA)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)为硬单体,丙烯酸羟丙酯(HPA)为交联单体,甲基丙烯酸(MAA)、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)作为功能单体,采用半连续种子乳液聚合法,制备了具有核壳结构的水性丙烯酸酯树脂乳液(WSAE-G),进一步将其作为色粉纸表面固砂用黏合剂和成膜剂.讨论了GMA用量对乳液粒径、稳定性和黏度等的影响.利用DLS和TEM对乳液乳胶粒子的大小及形貌进行了表征,使用TG、DSC以及万能材料试验机对胶膜的性能进行了测试.对固砂产品表面进行SEM测试.结果表明:GMA用量为1％(以混合单体总质量为基准,下同)时,乳液粒径为142.4 nm,PDI为0.063,乳液分散稳定指数(TSI)为0.162287.TEM显示,乳液具有清晰的核壳结构.胶膜拉伸强度达9.057 MPa.制得的色粉纸层间结合力为244.9 J/m2,所形成的固砂层均匀、磨砂性较好且不易掉砂.     

由天然沸石和二氧化钛制备的功能材料光催化抑制水中粪肠球菌活性简

The functional materials based on natural zeolite （clinoptilolite）, TiO2-zeolite and Ag-TiO2-zeolite have been successfully synthesized by solid-state reaction in fast-hydrothermal conditions. The obtained functional materials were investigated by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, FT-1R （Fourier transform infrared） spectroscopy, DRUV-VIS （diffuse reflectance ultraviolet-visible） spectroscopy, BET （Brunauer-Emmett-Teller） and SEM/EDX （scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer） analyses. The XRD results indicated that the clinoptilolite structure has a good thermal stabilization after the fast-hydrothermal treatment. Also, the high specific surface area about 92.55 m^2.g^-1 was noticed for Ag-TiO2-zeolite functional material. The presence of dopants was evidenced from EDX spectra. The enhanced bactericidal activity of Ag-TiO2-zeolite catalyst is proved through damaging of Enterococcusfaecalis colonies under visible irradiation, at different material doses and irradiation times.     

Alkoxysilane Functionalized Polyurethane/Polysiloxane Copolymers: Synthesis and the Effect of End-Capping Agent

Summary A series of moisture curable polyurethane/polysiloxane (PUSR) copolymers with different end-capping agents were prepared based on amine terminated polysiloxane (PDMS), poly-1,4-butylene adipate glycol (PBA), 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI). The copolymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogarvimetric (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), surface contact angle and stress–strain measurement. Compared with conventional moisture curable PU the PUSR copolymer showed the better thermal stability and surface properties due to the forming of Si-O-Si crosslinking network and the enrichment of siloxane chains on the surface of films , and the tensile strength was not obviously damaged. DMTA results suggested that micro-phase separation was formed in the PUSR copolymer. It was found that the PUSR copolymer with mixed alkoxysilanes as end-capping agents showed better compromised properties than that with single alkoxysilane.     

Ag/SiO_2复合颗粒的溶胶-凝胶法制备与表征

采用溶胶-凝胶法(Sol-gel)制备了不同形貌结构的纳米掺银复合颗粒.分析了掺银二氧化硅复合颗粒的形成机理,并采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、红外(FT-IR)及紫外可见(UV-Vis)光谱仪等手段对Ag/SiO_2复合颗粒的形貌结构进行了表征和分析.结果表明:复合颗粒(290 nm)尺寸均匀,近似球状,银颗粒(4 nm)均匀分布在二氧化硅表面,硅烷偶联剂KH-550影响了银粒子在复合颗粒中的分布状态,对Si-O-Si网络结构也有一定的影响,同时有效抑制了复合颗粒的团簇程度.     

Synthesis of Bio-Based Polyamide/Acid-Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites Using Vanillin

Synthesis of bio-based polyamide/acid-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites (PA/FCNT NCs) is reported in this investigation. New aliphatic–aromatic bio-based polyamide (PA) was synthesized through direct polycondensation reaction between bio-based diacid derived from a renewable resource; vanillin and diamine containing ether linkages. To obtain a homogeneous dispersion of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in the PA matrix, acid-functionalized MWCNTs (FCNTs) were used and PA nanocomposites with three different FCNT contents (1, 5 and 7?wt%) were prepared. The resulting NCs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).     

超高相对分子质量PA6冻胶体系的结构与性能

以三氯化镓(GaCl_3)、氯化锂(LiCl)、苯甲醇、氯化钙(CaCl_2)作为络合剂或溶剂,分别配制PA6/GaCl_3/硝基甲烷(CH_3NO_2)、PA6/LiCl/甲酸、PA6/苯甲醇和PA6/CaCl_2/甲酸等体系,制得冻胶试样,采用差示扫描量热法、红外光谱分析、X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜等方法对冻胶试样的结构与性能进行了分析对比。结果表明:各个PA6冻胶体系的形成机理不同,各体系冻胶结构和性能差异较大。GaCl_3,LiCl,CaCl_2主要是通过破坏PA6的内部氢键,对其进行络合成冻胶,但三者的络合能力又有所区别。苯甲醇主要是通过溶剂效应而形成冻胶。