25Cr3M03NiNb二次硬化钢冲击性能的研究

研究了二次硬化钢25Cr3Mo3NiNb的冲击韧度随回火温度和试验温度的变化。结果发现，试验钢在200℃回火时冲击韧度较高，300—600℃回火时冲击韧度值较低，600℃以上回火时冲击韧度值迅速升高，640℃回火时冲击韧度达到最高值55J／cm^2，640℃以上回火时冲击韧度值有所降低。640℃回火后试验钢的冷脆转变温度为10℃，屈服强度为960MPa，可以满足兵器特种结构件高强度高韧性的要求。     

25CrNi3MoV大型锻件用钢冲击性能的研究

对新型大锻件用钢25CrNi3MoV在不同回火温度和冲击试验温度下的组织与冲击性能进行了研究.结果表明,25CrNi3MoV钢在200～600 ℃范围内回火时,随回火温度的升高,屈服强度缓慢下降、冲击吸收功缓慢增大;600 ℃以上回火时,强度急剧下降、冲击功迅速升高.670 ℃回火后,试验钢具有良好的强韧性配合,屈服强度为750 MPa,室温冲击功为92 J,脆性转变温度50% FATT为-90 ℃.     

回火工艺对铁路用A3车轴钢组织及力学性能的影响

通过试验探讨了不同回火工艺对铁路车辆用A3车轴钢的显微组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,在860℃的淬火条件下,回火温度为640～740℃时,A3车轴钢的淬火+回火显微组织均为回火索氏体。在试验的回火温度区间内,随回火温度的逐渐升高,A3车轴钢在常温下的抗拉强度、屈服强度呈下降趋势,而其冲击吸收能量、断后伸长率以及断面收缩率呈上升趋势。在640～680℃范围内回火温度逐渐升高时,冲击吸收能量有显著的提高;但在680～740℃范围内回火温度逐渐升高时,冲击吸收能量逐渐增加,但增幅较小。在860℃淬火的工艺条件下,为满足A3车轴钢的各项性能,其回火温度应该控制在680～720℃。     

26CrMo4钢的热处理工艺

通过Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机测量了26CrMo4钢的相变温度,然后对其进行910 ℃水淬和400~740 ℃回火处理,并用光学显微镜、拉伸试验、硬度试验和冲击试验研究了热轧态和淬火、回火后的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明:26CrMo4钢具有优良的淬透性,910 ℃水淬可得到原奥氏体晶粒细小均匀的马氏体组织。26CrMo4钢的强度和硬度随着回火温度的提高而降低,回火温度在400~600 ℃、600~640 ℃和640~730 ℃之间时,抗拉强度随回火温度升高而下降的速率分别为1.685、1.500和2.822 MPa/℃。26CrMo4钢的冲击性能随着回火温度的升高而提高,700 ℃回火时0 ℃冲击吸收能量达到227 J,但继续提高回火温度至730 ℃时0 ℃冲击吸收能量基本保持不变。26CrMo4钢640 ℃和700 ℃回火后均具有较好的低温冲击性能,-70 ℃冲击吸收能量仍分别可达81 J和110 J。     

热处理对中碳Cr2MnSiV耐磨铸钢组织性能的影响

研究了淬火和同火温度对中碳Cr2MnSiV耐磨铸钢的组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:实验钢的硬度随淬火温度的升高基本保持不变,硬度值为54～53 HRC,冲击韧度随淬火温度的升高显著提高,1050℃淬火、250℃回火后达到60 J/cm2.回火温度超过250℃,硬度和冲击韧度均下降.     

热处理对模具钢组织与力学性能的影响

考察3Cr2Mo型塑料模具钢经200～600℃回火处理后的力学性能和组织形态变化.结果表明,回火处理后,该钢粒状贝氏体组织出现大量针状碳化物和稳定化的不连续条形岛状组成物,发现其有利于提高3Cr2Mo钢的冲击韧度和屈服强度.当在350℃同火处理3 h,可使该钢的屈服强度提高40%,冲击韧度提高60%.     

回火温度对高强无碳化物贝氏体钢无缝管组织和性能的影响

研究了正火后回火温度对无碳化物贝氏体钢无缝钢管组织和性能的影响。试验结果表明,930 ℃正火后在600 ℃以下回火时,随回火温度的提高,试验材料的抗拉强度有降低的趋势,但降幅不大,强度在973~1012 MPa变化。试验材料的冲击吸收能量在300 ℃达到最大值,为72 J;400 ℃回火时,冲击吸收能量出现最低值,出现无碳化物贝氏体钢的回火脆性;回火温度超过400 ℃时,冲击吸收能量上升;300~350 ℃回火时,伸长率和断面收缩率最高。在400 ℃以下回火时,试验材料的组织由无碳化物贝氏体、块状铁素体和残留奥氏体组成;超过400 ℃回火时,组织为粒状贝氏体及块状铁素体。无碳化物贝氏体钢无缝钢管930 ℃正火,300 ℃回火时具有较佳的综合力学性能。     

淬火回火对ZG310-510铸钢组织和力学性能的影响

研究了淬火温度和回火温度对ZG310-510铸钢组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,随着淬火温度的提高,ZG310-510钢的强度、硬度和冲击韧度提高,淬火温度为1000℃达到峰值.1000℃淬火、200或600℃回火,铸钢具有良好的强韧性,200℃回火的组织为回火马氏体组织和少量残余奥氏体,600℃回火的组织主要为索氏体组织.400℃回火出现回火脆性,材料的冲击韧度最低.提出了提高ZG310-510铸钢的强韧性的热处理工艺:1000℃淬火 200/600℃回火.     

热轧FH550级超高强度钢的组织性能分析

对轧制和回火后的FH550超高强度船板钢的组织性能进行了研究.结果表明,轧制后钢的强度和塑性都达到了船级社的要求.两阶段轧制后,钢板1/4宽度处的低温韧性较好,韧脆转变温度较低,组织主要为针状铁索体,冲击断口为韧性断口;钢板1/2宽度处的低温韧性较差,组织主要为针状铁索体和珠光体,冲击断口为解理断口.回火后钢的性能明显发生变化,随着回火温度的升高,钢的硬度先降低后升高,600℃回火时得到最高的硬度和屈服强度,600℃以上回火时,钢的硬度和屈服强度均有所下降.     

回火温度对高速重载列车车轴用钢EA4T冲击韧度的影响

将经过不同温度回火后的EA4T钢试样分别加工成夏比V型和U型缺口冲击试样,通过系列冲击试验对EA4T钢的回火脆性进行了研究.结果表明,EA4T钢冲击韧度随回火温度的升高而升高,在550℃左右回火具有高温回火脆性,在高于回火脆性温度区回火时,其冲击韧度将大幅度提高.回火脆性对夏比V尖锐缺口的敏感性更高.     

三自由度并联机构（3SPS 3SRR）的位置分析

针对一种3SPS-3SRR并联机构,运用符号法对该机构进行位置分析建模及求解。构建动、静坐标系,通过矩阵转换对机构建立约束方程,运用Sylvester消元方法进行消元得到机构单变元输入输出方程,求得机构位姿的封闭解。最后进行实例求解,得到该机构处于一般姿态的32组实数解,并使机构处于特殊位姿,将所得封闭解与预估解对比,从而验证该位置求解模型的正确性。基于符号法的3SPS-3SRR并联机构位置分析模型具有准确、高效的特点,规避了基于数值法的诸多缺点,对该机构的深入分析具有重要理论意义及实用价值。     

GdF_3:Ce~(3+),Ln~(3+)(Ln~(3+)=Eu~(3+),Tb~(3+),Dy~(3+),Sm~(3+))纳米晶体的制备与发光性能研究

应用共沉淀法,制备共掺同一敏化剂(Ce3+)和不同激活剂(Tb3+,Eu3+,Sm3+,Dy3+)的GdF3纳米晶体。在单一波长(254nm)紫外光的激发下,掺杂不同镧系激活离子的样品能够发射出不同颜色的明亮可见发光,因而适用于多色生物标记。     

Phase diagrams of binary systems: AgNO3KNO3 and AgNO3 -@#@ NaNO3

AgNO₃-KNO₃ and AgNO₃-NaNO₃ phase diagrams were drawn using a simultaneous thermal analysis technique in the range 373 to 623 K. The apparatus is described briefly. Figure 1 shows a continuous solid solution in equilibrium with the liquid phase. It exhibits a eutectoid mixture (20 mol% NaNO₃) at 380.7 K. Figure 2 shows a eutectic mixture (45 mol % KNO₃) at 413 K, a eutectoid mixture (20 mol % KNO₃) at 409 K, and a continuous invariant at 404 K.     

Thermodynamic analysis of the CsNO3-KNO3-NaNo3 system

The thermodynamic properties of the CsNO₃-KNO₃-NaNO₃ system have been derived from an optimization procedure using experimental and published information concerning phase diagram and thermodynamic data for the constituent binary systems and ternary liquid phase. The results are in very close agreement with the experimental data.     

3-D or not 3-D

When developing mathematical models of physical phenomena, physical scientists have been limited to two-dimensional solutions. In some cases, those solutions may be qualitatively correct, but in many others, the solutions are far from reality. This paper presents three examples of the limitations of two-dimensional modeling :diffusion-limited electrolytic reduction of a liquidproduct from a liquid electrolyte, morphological development of a solid dendrite, and behavior of a two-phase fluid under shear.     

BiFeO3-BaTiO3-LaFeO3三元多铁性陶瓷材料的制备及性能

采用固相法制备了1-x(0.71BiFeO3-0.29B aTiO3)-xLaFeO3 (x=0.0,0.1,0 2,0 3,0 4,0.5)三元多铁性陶瓷材料,并研究了LaFeO3含量对陶瓷物相结构、微观组织、电学性能和磁电耦合性能的影响。结果显示,所有陶瓷均为单一钙钛矿结构,但随LaFeO3含量的增加,伴随着结构相变。所得陶瓷晶粒尺寸均匀,表现出良好的微观形貌,陶瓷晶粒随LaFeO3含量的增加而明显变小。虽然LaFeO3的加入在一定程度上降低了陶瓷的介电常数,但分析发现,x=0.1时能降低陶瓷的漏导,其漏电流达到了最小值,在10-7~10-8 A/cm2数量级,并且该陶瓷的剩余极化强度Pr和磁电耦合系数αME均达到最大值,分别为0.45μC/cm2和132.21 mV/cm·Oe (120 kHz)。因此,与0.71BiFeO3-0.29BaTiO3陶瓷相比,添加少量LaFeO3可以在一定程度上增加陶瓷的铁电性和磁电耦合性能。     

3

In this paper, a planning algorithm for multi-path/multi-layer circular locus is poposed. The algorithm is applied to weld the nipples on the header of boiler. Multi-path/multi-layer circular locus is planned according to three teaching points, which is lapped head-on-end to satisfy the requirement of technology. For the nipples wherever they are arranged radially or axially, even if there are errors caused by positioning and thermal deformations, providing that nipple's position and orientation relative to the teaching one can be measured, the multi-path/multi-layer circular locus can be planned without teaching any more. The algorithm has been applied in welding robot for manufacturing power station' boiler.     

Electronic structures of semiconducting FeGa3, RuGa3, OsGa3, and RuIn3 with the CoGa3- or the FeGa3-type structure

Electronic structure of FeGa₃, RuGa₃, OsGa₃ and RuIn₃ with the crystal structures belonging to the space group of P4n2 (No. 118), which is usually referred to as the CoGa₃-type structure, and P4₂/mnm (No. 136), which is usually referred to as the FeGa₃-type structure, have been calculated using a first-principle pseudopotential method based on the density-functional theory within the local density approximation (LDA) with the generalized gradient correction. All of them have the similar band structure in that the valence band maximum occurs at or near A and the conduction band minimum occurs at a point between Z and Γ. From the total energies calculated, compounds with the FeGa₃-type structures are more stable than those with the CoGa₃-type structures. The band gaps of FeGa₃, RuGa₃, OsGa₃ and RuIn₃ with the FeGa₃-type structure are about 0.50, 0.26, 0.68, and 0.30 eV, respectively, which are wider than those with the CoGa₃-type structure. Calculated band gaps are wider than the observed gaps, which is unusual in the LDA calculation.     

Features of feathery γ structure in a near-γ TiAl alloy

This work characterizes the feathery-like structures produced in a Ti–46.8Al–1.7Cr–1.8Nb (at.%) alloy during rapid continuous cooling from the α domain. Their morphology and crystallography are described using different microscopy and orientation mapping techniques. These feathery-like structures are divided into many small domains, characterized by low-angle misorientations (rotated less than 15°) between the domains. The domains comprise multiple parallel γ lamellae and rare traces of α₂. These lamellae follow the Blackburn orientation relationship and have a {1 1 1}_γ habit plane. Two types of γ-feathery structures were identified according to their location and crystallography. The grain-boundary γ-feathery structures originate from lamellar structures that grow into a neighboring grain. Alternatively, the internal γ-feathery structures are located in the interior of prior α grains and show an average misorientation of 36° around one $〈100{〉}_{{\mathrm{\gamma }}_{\text{L}}}$ axis of the lamellar structure in which it is embedded. This paper describes these two γ-feathery structures in detail and discusses their development in light of the mechanisms available in the literature, particularly sympathetic nucleation.     

PMN-PNN-PT陶瓷晶粒异常长大研究

采用两步法和等离子放电烧结技术制备出了致密的单一钙钛矿相的PMN-PNN-PT陶瓷,对其高温热处理后晶粒异常长大进行了研究.发现添加5%(质量分数)过量PbO有助于晶粒的异常长大,观察到了3种典型的异常长大晶粒,为下一步固态法制备该组成单晶打下了基础.