NATURAL CONVECTIVE HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER BY THE COUPLING OF TEMPERATURE CRADIENT AND CONCENTRATION GRADIENT IN A POROUS MEDIUM

ＮＡＴＵＲＡＬＣＯＮＶＥＣＴＩＶＥＨＥＡＴＡＮＤＭＡＳＳＴＲＡＮＳＦＥＲＢＹＴＨＥＣＯＵＰＬＩＮＧＯＦＴＥＭＰＥＲＡＴＵＲＥＣＲＡＤＩＥＮＴ　ＡＮＤＣＯＮＣＥＮＴＲＡＴＩＯＮＧＲＡＤＩＥＮＴＩＮＡＰＯＲＯＵＳＭＥＤＩＵＭ￥ＣｈｅｎＢａＯ－Ｍｉｎｇ；Ｆ...     

自然通风湿式冷却塔热力特性数值研究

基于CFD软件和自然通风湿式冷却塔相关理论，对气流运动采用标准 湍流模型，喷淋区和雨区采用离散相模型计算，对填料区建立了基于Poppe理论的数值求解模型，并通过添加自定义源项，实现其在FLUENT中的求解。基于该模型，在不考虑自然风情况下，对某300MW机组自然通风冷却塔的气水流动与热质交换进行数值模拟，分析了淋水密度、进塔水温、喷嘴数和环境条件对冷却塔热力特性的影响。计算结果表明：基于CFD软件的冷却塔数值求解模型有很好的适用性，淋水密度和环境条件对出塔水温影响很大，为进一步完善冷却塔的设计与运行提供了理论依据。     

FLOW AND HEAT TRANSFER OF OLDROYD-B FLUIDS IN A ROTATING CURVED PIPE

The flow and convected heat transfer of the Oldroyd-B fluids in a rotating curved pipe with circular cross-section were investigated by employing a perturbation method. A perturbation solution up to the second order was obtained for a small curvature ratio, κ. The variations of axial velocity distribution and secondary flow structure with F, Re and We were discussed in detail in order to investigate the combined effects of the three parameters on flow structure. The combined effects of the Coriolis force, inertia force and elastic force on the temperature distribution were also analyzed, which are greater than the adding independent effects of the three forces. The variations of the flow rate and Nusselt number with the rotation, inertia and elasticity were examined as well. The results show the characteristics of the heat and mass transfer of the Oldroyd-B fluids in a rotating curved pipe.     

表面活性剂减阻流体热边界层温度脉动及传热特性实验研究

该文针对在水中添加阳离子表面活性剂产生的减阻作用同时降低传热性能的现象,应用相位多普勒激光测量系统和热电偶温度测量系统对二维流道内表面活性剂减阻流体热边界层内的湍流温度脉动以及传热特性进行了实验研究.研究表明,表面活性剂减阻流体平均温度梯度在流动缓冲层很大,热扩散率较低,而水的热阻主要发生在近壁区域的高扩散层.表面活性剂减阻流体温度脉动强度与速度脉动强度有相似的分布趋势,其峰值都向外层移动.在近壁处的高扩散层温度脉动频率很小,而在平均温度梯度很大的低扩散层,减阻流体的温度脉动频率有所增强.而水的温度脉动频率比表面活性剂溶液高且在整个断面上几乎没有变化.对于表面活性剂热流体,湍流温度脉动对轴向热流量的贡献更大,使得轴向热流量的最大值出现在靠近温度脉动强度最大值所在的位置.表面活性剂减阻流体法向湍流热流量分布与雷诺应力分布有相似的趋势.     

同轴套管间涡旋流动及强化传热数值模拟

相对旋转两同轴套管间的涡旋流动,能够带来二次流强化传热传质作用,在航空、水处理、生态保护、生物工程和膜分离等领域都具有广泛的应用价值。本文使用Fluent软件,对同轴套管间涡旋流动及传热特性进行数值模拟,考察了内管转速、内外管壁面温差等操作参数变化对同轴套管间流体传热性能的影响,分析了涡旋流动与传热效率之间的关联关系。模拟结果表明:内管转速增加在流场中形成泰勒涡,涡流扰动增大了高温壁面与流体间的热流密度,增强了流体传热效率。增大内外管壁面温差,也可加强流体传热性能,但其强化作用不及内管转速的强化作用显著。受流场中泰勒涡影响,流体速度、温度及热流密度沿轴向的分布都呈正弦状周期性波动,在相邻两涡交界面处,流体传热性能最好,在涡中心处的传热性能最差。     

Numerical investigation of flow and heat transfer performances of horizontal spiral-coil pipes

The flow and heat transfer performances of horizontal spiral-coil pipes of circular and elliptical cross-sections are studied.The numerical results are compared with the experimental data,to verify the numerical method.The effects of the inlet water mass flow rate,the structural parameters,the helical pitch and the radius ratio on the heat transfer performances are investigated.Performances of the secondary fluid flow with different radius ratios are also investigated.Numerical results demonstrate that the heat transfer coefficient and the Nusselt number increase with the increase of the water mass flow rate or the helical pitch.The maximum heat transfer coefficient and the maximum Nusselt number are obtained when the radius ratio is equal to 1.00.In addition,the fluid particle moves spirally along the pipe and the velocity changes periodically.The particle flow intensity and the spiral movement frequency decrease significantly with the increase of the radius ratio.Besides,the secondary flow profile in the horizontal spiral-coil pipe contains two oppositely rotating eddies,and the eddy intensity decreases significantly along the pipe owing to the change of curvature.The decreasing tendency of the eddy intensity along the pipe increases with the increase of the radius ratio.     

NUMERICAL STUDY ON SORET-EFFECT AND DUFOUR-EFFECT FOR DOUBLE-DIFFUSIVE NATURAL CONVECTION IN POROUS ENCLOSURE

The influences of Soret effect and Dufour effect on the natural convection and heat and mass transfer for a porous enclosure were investigated by means of the penalty finite element method. Numerical results indicate that the Soret and Dufour effects have significant influences on heat and mass transfer in the presence of large temperature gradient and concentration gradient.     

水位变化对粗砂土内流动与传热的影响

该文以粗砂土为研究对象,对粗砂土在不同水位条件下流动与传热情况进行研究。建立粗砂土三维模型,采用有限体积法进行数值计算,并利用恒温实验平台进行验证。结果表明:在正常条件下粗砂土内以对流换热为主,其流线呈顺时针方向流动;粗砂土内水气交界面处存在温度场和流态的突变,出现了半涡形结构和高于壁面温度的现象;瑞利数对粗砂土对流换热影响显著,与Nu数呈指数关系;在实验中温度呈非线性变化,各测点温度值分布为4层2区;模拟值与实验值基本一致,三维模型具有更高的准确度。     

Numerical solution of thermo-solutal mixed convective slip flow from a radiative plate with convective boundary condition

A mathematical model for mixed convective slip flow with heat and mass transfer in the presence of thermal radiation is presented. A convective boundary condition is included and slip is simulated via the hydrodynamic slip parameter. Heat generation and absorption effects are also incorporated. The Rosseland diffusion flux model is employed. The governing partial differential conservation equations are reduced to a system of coupled, ordinary differential equations via Lie group theory method. The resulting coupled equations are solved using shooting method. The influences of the emerging parameters on dimensionless velocity, temperature and concentration distributions are investigated. Increasing radiative-conductive parameter accelerates the boundary layer flow and increases temperature whereas it depresses concentration. An elevation in convection-conduction parameter also accelerates the flow and temperatures whereas it reduces concentrations. Velocity near the wall is considerably boosted with increasing momentum slip parameter although both temperature and concentration boundary layer thicknesses are decreased. The presence of a heat source is found to increase momentum and thermal boundary layer thicknesses but reduces concentration boundary layer thickness. Excellent correlation of the numerical solutions with previous non-slip studies is demonstrated. The current study has applications in bioreactor diffusion flows and high-temperature chemical materials processing systems.     

The effect of variable viscosity on the flow and heat transfer of a viscous Agwater and Cu-water nanofluids

A numerical study is carried out to study the effects of the temperature dependent viscosity on the flow and heat transfer of a nanofluid over a flat surface in the presence of viscous dissipation. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations, and are solved numerically by the Keller-box method. The numerical results indicate that the effect of nanoparticle volume fraction is to increase the heat transfer and hence enhance the thermal boundary layer thickness. This is true even in the presence of variable viscosity and the viscous dissipation. Furthermore, the results obtained for heat transfer characteristics with nanoparticles reveal many interesting behaviors that warrant further study on the effects of the "nano-solid-particles".     

A MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN UNSATURATED WET POROUS MEDIA CONSIDERING EFFECT OF CAPILLARY HYSTERESIS

Based on the transport mechanism of heat and mass transfer and by using the minimum gradient theory for unsaturated flow in capillary porous media, a mathematical model is developed for heat and mass transfer in unsaturated wet porous media considering the effect of capillary hysteresis. The heat and mass transport properties in the derived differential equations are analyzed in detail. which opens new way to further develop practical methods for determining heat and mass transport properties in wet porous media.     

Flow and heat transfer characteristics of falling water film on horizontal circular and non-circular cylinders

This paper presents a two-dimensional CFD study of the falling film evaporation of horizontal tubes with different shapes applied in the seawater desalination. The flow and heat transfer characteristics of the falling water film on one circular tube and two non-circular shaped tubes, a drop-shaped tube and an oval-shaped tube, are analyzed, respectively. The Volume Of Fluid (VOF) method is employed to investigate the influence of the mass flow rate and the feeder height on the distribution of the film thickness and the heat transfer performance. The numerical results show that the minimum value of the film thickness appears approximately at the angular positions of 125 o , 160 o and 170 o for the smooth circular, oval-and drop-shaped tubes, respectively. The film thickness grows with the increase of the mass flow rate and the decrease of the feeder height, while the variation pattern varies for different tubes. Moreover, compared with the circular tube, the drop- and oval-shaped tubes have a lower dimensionless temperature and a thinner thermal boundary layer, which means a better heat transfer performance. Finally, the numerical results correlate well with the experimental and predicted data in literature.     

引水流量对引水渠道中水内冰演变影响的数值模拟

水电站引水渠道中的冰害会影响水电站的安全运行,危害当地人民的人身安全。为开展引水渠道中水内冰演变的研究,建立了三维非稳态欧拉两相流模型,动量方程考虑了相间曳力、升力、虚拟质量力,热量传递方程中考虑了冰水之间的热量传递以及太阳辐射、有效辐射、蒸发热损失、水面对流热损失等。模拟分析了不同引水流量下温度及冰体积分数的沿程分布,结果表明：冰温沿程逐渐升高;水温沿程先降低后升高、沿程出现最低点。冰体积分数沿程存在突变点,且突变点在水温最低点附近。随着引水流量减小,产冰起始位置向渠道上游移动,但最终的产冰量和冰体积分数逐渐减小。通过与黄河上游河道中水内冰演变计算结果对比,验证了模型的可靠性。     

Numerical investigation of entropy generation and heat transfer of pulsating flow in a horizontal channel with an open cavity

In this study, the entropy generation and the heat transfer of pulsating air flow in a horizontal channel with an open cavity heated from below with uniform temperature distribution are numerically investigated. A numerical method based on finite volume method is used to discretize the governing equations. At the inlet of the channel, pulsating velocity is imposed for a range of Strouhal numbers St_p from 0 to 1 and amplitude A_p from 0 to 0.5. The effects of the governing parameters, such as frequency and amplitude of the pulsation, Richardson number, Ri, and aspect ratio of the cavity, L/H, on the flow field, temperature distribution, average Nusselt number and average entropy generation, are numerically analyzed. The results indicate that the heat transfer and entropy generation are strongly affected by the frequency and amplitude of the pulsation and this depends on the Richardson number and aspect ratio of the cavity. The pulsation is more effective with the aspect ratio of the cavity L/H= 1.5 in terms of heat transfer enhancement and entropy generation minimization.     

Natural convective heat transfer and nanofluid flow in a cavity with top wavy wall and corner heater

A numerical analysis of natural convection of nanofluid in a wavy-walled enclosure with an isothermal corner heater has been carried out. The cavity is heated from the left bottom corner and cooled from the top wavy wall while the rest walls are adiabatic. Mathematical model has been formulated using the single-phase nanofluid approach. Main efforts have been focused on the effects of the dimensionless time, Rayleigh number, undulation number, nanoparticle volume fraction and length of corner heaters on the fluid flow and heat transfer inside the cavity. Numerical results have been presented in the form of streamlines, isotherms, velocity and temperature profiles, local and average Nusselt numbers. It has been found that nanoparticle volume fraction essentially affects both fluid flow and heat transfer while undulation number changes significantly only the heat transfer rate.     

双流程空冷散热器不同布置方式对散热系数影响分析

本文通过理论推导给出了散热器的冷热流体的温度分布计算公式,并计算分析了初始温差、顺逆流程及散热器高度对散热系数的影响。计算结果表明,初始温差(ITD)不会影响顺、逆流程的综合散热系数;逆流程散热系数总是大于顺流程;顺流程的散热系数随着散热器高度的增加不断减小,但散热器高度对逆流程的散热系数影响很小。此结果对工程设计具有重要的参考价值。     

LAMINAR FLOW AND HEAT TRANSFER IN THE DEVELOPING REGION OF HELICAL SQUARE DUCTS

Simultaneous development of the laminar flow and heat transfer in helical square ducts was numerically studied. The governing equations were written in an orthogonal helical coordinate system and fully parabolized in the axial direction. Results were found out over a wide range of the governing parameters. Two axial velocity entries were taken into account. The development of secondary flow, axial velocity and temperature distribution for the large Dean number were examined in detail and the effects of different governing parameters on the friction factor and the Nusselt number were annlyzee. Many new and interesting conclusions were reached. The present results reveal the nature of fluid flow and heat transfer in the developing region of helical square ducts.     

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF CYLINDER TO BED HEAT TRANSFER IN AGITATED FLUIDIZED BEDS

NOMENCLATUREAc　　 cylinder surface area,m2dc cylinder diameter,mdp mean diameter of solid particles,mD cylinder vessel diameter,mH static bed height,mh average surface-to-bed heattransfer coeffcient,Wm- 2 K- 1hmax maximum average surface-to-bed heattransfer coefficient,Wm- 2 K- 1n rotary speed of agitating mechanism,r/ minL cylinder length,mQ heattransfer rate,WTs heater surface temperature,KTb bed temperature,KU overall superficial gas velocity,ms- 1Umf superficial minimum fluidiza…     

The viscoelastic effects on thermal convection of an Oldroyd-B fluid in open-top porous media

The effects of two viscoelastic parameters on the thermal convection of a viscoelastic Oldroyd-B fluid in an open-top porous square box with constant heat flux are investigated. The results show that the increase of relaxation time is able to destabilize the fluid flow leading to a higher heat transfer rate, while the increase of retardation time tends to stabilize the flow and suppress the heat transfer. The flow bifurcation appears earlier with the increase of the relaxation time and the decrease of the retardation time, resulting in more complicated flow patterns in the porous medium.     

单裂隙水流作用下岩体稳定温度场理论模型与有限元数值模拟

建立了单裂隙岩体的几何模型,在不考虑热对流、热辐射的前提下用岩体导热微分方程描述了裂隙岩体稳定温度场分布及定解条件,并进行了理论方面的分析;给出了岩体导热偏微分方程的有限元描述,应用FEPG软件对裂隙岩体二维稳定温度场分布进行了数值模拟。模拟结果表明:由于和裂隙水流发生了热量交换作用,裂隙岩体温度场也随之发生变化;裂隙岩体和裂隙水流温度相差越大,温度等值线越密集,岩体温度场变化越大,热量传递越快。