不同品种干红葡萄酒色泽及抗氧化活性分析

分析了27种干红葡萄酒的CIELAB参数(L*,a*,b*,C*,h)、总酚含量、清除DPPH自由基能力及Fe3+还原能力。利用CIELAB参数及总抗氧化能力综合指数对所选干红葡萄酒进行系统聚类。试验结果表明,不同品种干红葡萄酒CIELAB参数存在差异,干红葡萄酒总酚含量、清除DPPH自由基能力、Fe3+还原能力和总抗氧化能力综合指数存在显著性差异。该4项指标间呈极显著正相关,且4项指标均与L*呈极显著性负相关。CIELAB参数(L*,C*,h)与抗氧化能力综合指数将27种干红葡萄酒划分成4大类,以RW2,RW3,RW9,RW8,RW23,RW21干红葡萄酒的色泽及抗氧化活性俱佳。     

卵清蛋白沉淀法分析干红葡萄酒的涩感质量

为了正确评价干红葡萄酒涩感质量,实验以贺兰山东麓产区9款单宁含量有差异的干红葡萄酒为研究对象,分析供试酒样的多酚、单宁含量,培训品评员,进行供试酒样的涩感特征的感官量化分析,同时模拟口腔唾液蛋白与葡萄酒单宁的结合反应,添加不同卵清蛋白溶液(0~8.0 g/L)絮凝单宁,分析A_(280)下降趋势。结果表明,干红葡萄酒的干涩与糙涩之间极显著正相关,并且它们与多酚、单宁含量极显著正相关,也与添加卵清蛋白引起A_(280)下降的速率a值极显著正相关;干红葡萄酒的绒涩感与苦味之间显著负相关,它们与干涩、糙涩、多酚、单宁以及a值之间无显著相关性,绒涩感可能与合适的橡木桶陈酿之间有联系。干涩和糙涩主要来源于多酚和单宁,基于蛋白沉淀法预测葡萄酒的涩感质量具有局限性,绒涩感可能产生于合理陈酿中的单宁柔化过程。     

4种酵母和2种发酵罐在蛇龙珠干红葡萄酒酿造中的应用

本试验在大生产条件下对4种酵母的使用效果进行了研究.结果表明:在烟台地区,D254酵母发酵的酒样单宁、总酚含量较高,酒的香气、口感、典型性较佳,比较适合于蛇龙珠干红的发酵.旋转发酵罐发酵的葡萄酒中单宁、总酚含量远高于立式罐发酵的葡萄酒,适合于陈酿型葡萄酒的酿造.     

干红葡萄酒营养质量指标研究

目的:葡萄酒中的多酚类生物活性物质对人体具有重要的保健功效,为了提升葡萄酒品质,有利于消费者健康,我们探讨将多酚类生物活性物质作为干红葡萄酒营养质量指标。方法:选取了消费者购买量较大的国产干红葡萄酒,测定了其生物活性成分、糖度、酸度、酒精度、干浸出物以及矿物质的含量,并尝试推荐了营养质量指标及其含量。结果及结论:总酚、钾、白藜芦醇可作为干红葡萄酒的营养质量指标,首选总酚(1300mg/L)和钾(900mg/L),二者可以反映葡萄酒生产过程中葡萄的用量和品质,同时由于二者之间正相关(r=0.484,p<0.01),设立这两个指标可以明显增加掺假的难度,次选白藜芦醇(2mg/L),白藜芦醇虽然含量较低,但可能是总酚中的重要活性物质。     

海拔对美乐和赤霞珠葡萄酒中酚类物质含量、抗氧化活性及酯类香气成分的影响

为研究海拔对大渡河干旱河谷地区美乐和赤霞珠葡萄酒的影响,以该地区海拔2280、2390 m葡萄园种植的美乐和海拔2280、2390、2600 m葡萄园种植的赤霞珠果实所分别酿造的干红葡萄酒为研究对象,对其理化指标、酯类香气物质含量、抗氧化活力及感官特征进行分析。结果表明:随海拔上升,2种(美乐和赤霞珠)葡萄酒的残糖含量降低,总酸、干浸出物、总酚、单宁、总类黄酮、总花色苷含量、色度、DPPH清除力以及铜离子还原力增加;2种葡萄酒酯类物质的相对含量随海拔上升呈下降趋势,但海拔对2种葡萄酒主要酒酯类香气的构成无影响,通过主成分分析,将葡萄酒酒样的酯类成分提取为3个主成分,累计贡献率达93.021%;葡萄酒感官得分随海拔升高而升高,但海拔过高对葡萄酒感官质量有负作用,海拔2390 m赤霞珠葡萄酒感官质量最佳;通径分析表明,总酚对葡萄酒感官质量有直接的重要作用。     

4种酵母和2种发酵罐在蛇龙珠干红葡萄酒酿造中的应用

本试验在大生产条件下对4种酵母的使用效果进行了研究。结果表明：在烟台地区,D254酵母发酵的酒样单宁、总酚含量较高,酒的香气、口感、典型性较佳,比较适合于蛇龙珠干红的发酵。旋转发酵罐发酵的葡萄酒中单宁、总酚含量远高于立式罐发酵的葡萄酒,适合于陈酿型葡萄酒的酿造。     

真伪山葡萄酒鉴定方法的研究

采用HPLC测定白藜芦醇、香精、维生素和总黄酮,密度瓶法测定干浸出物,UV-240、721分光光度计和原子吸收分光光度计分别测定单宁、色价和矿质元素,氨基酸自动分析仪测定氨基酸。测定结果表明:市售伪劣山葡萄酒的干浸出物和单宁低于标准酒样,末检测出白藜芦醇、矿质元素、维生素、酒石酸、氨基酸和总黄酮。低含汁量(5%￣95%)的山葡萄酒的理化指标低于标准酒样。5个品种的标准酒样中白藜芦醇含量最高的是双红、双优和左优红,最低的是赤霞珠和公酿一号。总黄酮的含量最高的是双优、左优红、赤霞珠和双红,最低的是公酿1号。上述方法可准确鉴定山葡萄酒真伪。     

乌海产区典型酒庄葡萄酒的质量及风味物质特征分析

为了研究乌海产区典型酒庄葡萄酒的特性与潜质,以4个年份的‘赤霞珠’干红葡萄酒为试材,测定了常规理化指标、CIELab参数、单宁、总酚、类黄酮等的含量,以及ABTS自由基活性、DPPH自由基活性、铜离子还原能力等。结果表明,4个年份葡萄酒的酒精度和干浸出物含量均较高;总酚、酒石酸酯、黄酮醇、总花色苷含量之间显著相关;总单宁含量与a~*、b~*值以及色度显著相关;酒石酸酯含量与色调呈负相关,与色差呈正相关。综合认为,供试酒样的原料成熟度好,颜色饱和度和光泽度较高,单宁和总酚含量较低,抗氧化能力较强,能够反映本地产葡萄酒的特质。     

3个主要产区赤霞珠干红葡萄酒酚类物质及花色苷的分析

分析了山东烟台、河北昌黎和新疆伊犁3个产区的赤霞珠干红葡萄酒中总酚、单宁、多酚及花色苷物质种类与含量.结果表明,不同产区酒的总酚含量差异不大,但单宁含量差异显著;检测出10种多酚物质,均以儿茶素,没食子酸、水杨酸含量较高,但3个产区酒中的其它多酚物质含量高低不一;而检测出9种花色素苷物质,各个产区酒中的含量表现出极强的相似性,二甲花翠素3-O-葡萄糖苷占相对含量50%以上,其次是二甲花翠素3-O-(6-O-乙酰)葡萄糖苷,其它7种花色素苷物质含量均较少,浓度差异不大;3个产区赤霞珠干红葡萄酒的感官质量表现各有其特点.     

网购赤霞珠干红葡萄酒品质特征与价格的关联分析

选用某网站3个价格区段的赤霞珠干红葡萄酒为材料,采用搅拌棒吸附萃取-气相色谱质谱联用法（SBSE-GC-MS）和超高效 液相色谱法（UPLC）分别对葡萄酒中的香气成分和单体酚进行检测分析。 结果表明,3个价格区段的葡萄酒共检出45种香气成分,其 中酯类24种、高级醇6种、脂肪酸8种、醛酮类3种及其他香气物质4种。 价格较高的葡萄酒中17种香气成分的含量相对较高,价格与检测 到的单体酚物质中香豆素、山奈酚、没食子酸、咖啡酸、丁香酸、水杨酸以及白藜芦醇含量呈正相关（P＜0.05）,相关系数R2均＞0.85。 总酚和总花色苷含量在不同价格区段酒样中差异显著（P＜0.05）,其含量最高分别为1 680.74 mg/L、606.78 mg/L;单宁含量差异不 显著（P＞0.05）。     

Indian Grape Wines: A Potential Source of Phenols,Polyphenols, and Antioxidants

Indian grape wines are analyzed for total phenolic content and antioxidant activity along with other parameters, such as pH, alcohol content, and reducing sugars. Concentration of polyphenols, like tannic acid, catechol, vanillin, caeffic acid, ferullic acid, and resveratrol, was quantified using reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography and ultra high performance liquid chromatography. The red wines showed the highest concentration of phenolic content (6.5 ± 0.1 mg/ml) and antioxidant activity (84.60 ± 1%) as compared to white and port wines, while red wine R2 showed the highest radical scavenging activity among red wines and R4 showed the lowest total phenolic content. The white wine W3 showed less total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Further, a positive correlation between phenolic content and antioxidant activity was observed.     

苦荞红曲保健酒的抗氧化活性

为研究苦荞红曲保健酒的总黄酮和总酚的体外抗氧化活性,测定其对DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基的清除能力和铁离子还原/抗氧化能力（FRAP值）,并且与市售黄酒、VC、Trolox进行对比。结果表明,苦荞红曲保健酒有一定DPPH自由基清除率、ABTS自由基清除率和铁离子还原力。被测样品的抗氧化活性与总黄酮、总酚的含量有显著的相关性（P〈0.01）。     

不同酵母发酵的火龙果酒抗氧化活性及颜色变化

研究4种不同酵母发酵的火龙果酒在发酵过程中总酚、甜菜苷、抗氧化活性和颜色的变化规律。结果表明,在发酵过程中,4种酵母发酵火龙果酒的总酚、甜菜苷含量均呈下降趋势;L*值、a*值均升高,b*值降低。酵母RC212发酵的火龙果酒的多酚含量最高为272.5 μg/mL,其对DPPH自由基清除率IC50最低为22.98%;酵母R2发酵的火龙果酒的羟自由基清除率、总还原力IC50最低,分别为8.84%、28.52%,并且甜菜苷含量最高为581.4 mg/L。酵母RC212与酵母R2发酵的火龙果酒在抗氧化物质含量、抗氧化活性及红色素稳定性方面均优于酵母DV10与酵母D254发酵的火龙果酒。     

Phenolics composition and antioxidant activity of wine produced from spine grape (Vitis davidii Foex) and Cherokee rose (Rosa laevigata Michx.) fruits from South China

Wines made from 3 spine grape (Vitis davidii Foex) genotypes-Junzi 1# (JZ 1#), Junzi 2# (JZ 2#), and Liantang (LT)-and Cherokee rose (Rosa laevigata Michx., CR) were evaluated for their phenolics composition and antioxidant activities by several assays, including 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS scavenging capacity, cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity, and metal-chelating capacity). The results showed that CR wine had higher contents of total phenolics, total flavonoids, and oligomeric proanthocyanidins than the 3 spine grape genotype wines and Cabernet Sauvignon (CS) wine. Among the 3 varieties of spine grape wines, JZ 1# had higher contents than the 2 other genotypes. Moreover, the total monomeric anthocyanins in JZ 1# was about 4.5-fold higher than those in CS wine and CR wine. A significance analysis demonstrated that the antioxidant capacity (as measured by the ABTS scavenging capacity and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity) of CR wine was significantly higher than that of the control and spine grape wines. With respect to metal-chelating capacity, the CR wine was the strongest amongst all the wine samples tested, followed by JZ 1#. This indicates that CR and JZ 1# wines can potentially be considered as wild fruit wines with abundant phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Spine grape (Vitis davidii Foex) and Cherokee rose (Rosa laevigata Michx.) are 2 species of important wild plants in South China. However, they have not yet been effectively developed and utilized. Recently, some researchers attempted to convert their juice to wine. We anticipate that this research will provide sufficient experimental evidence for their good antioxidant activity and potential for further development and utilization.     

Free radical scavenging capacity and inhibition of lipid oxidation of wines,grape juices and related polyphenolic constituents

The antioxidant activity of grape juices, wines made from the same lot as juices and their major polyphenolic constituents was measured by the inhibition of lipid oxidation (ferric-thiocyanate) and free radical scavenging (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) methods. dl-α-Tocopherol and 3-tertiary-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA) were used as references. The inhibition of lipid oxidation of the standards followed the order: rutin = ferulic acid > tannic acid = gallic acid = resveratrol > BHA = quercetin > dl-α-tocopherol > caffeic acid. Meanwhile, the free radical scavenging activity of gallic acid was the highest, tannic acid, caffeic acid, quercetin, BHA and rutin activities were intermediate and that for ferulic acid, dl-α-tocopherol and resveratrol were the lowest. Wines had higher activity than the corresponding grape juices and red wine showed the strongest activity among the grape products tested. The antioxidant activity of the samples seems to be based on their free radical scavenging capacity.     

Free radical scavenging and antibacterial activities of southern Serbian red wines

Free radical scavenging and antibacterial activities were determined for several red wines from different grape varieties from the southern Serbia wine region. The amount of polyphenols and anthocyanins in selected wines was investigated and the potential antibacterial activity of the wines against pathogenic strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was also determined. The free radical scavenging and antibacterial activity of the wines was correlated with polyphenolic and anthocyanin content. The significant differences in the antioxidant and antibacterial activities between the wines from grape cultivars (Cabernet Sauvingon and Pinot Noir) and the indigenous varieties (Vranac and Prokupac) were not confirmed. The hypothesis of a protective effect of red wine is supported by our results that show that the red wines with higher amounts of polyphenols and anthocyanins had higher antioxidant and antibacterial properties.     

In vitro antioxidant activity of red grape skins

Phenolic antioxidants seem to be partly responsible for the protective effects against cardiovascular diseases attributed to moderate wine consumption. Grape skins greatly contribute to the phenolic composition of red wine. In this paper, the in vitro antioxidant activity of red grape (Vitis vinifera) skins is determined. We show that the radical scavenging activity (C ₅₀ values) against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH^·) of grape skin extracts is relatively high (3.2–11.1 mg dried skin/mg DPPH^·) in relation to other foodstuffs and, as expected, is influenced by grape variety, stage of grape ripening and vintage. The antioxidant potential of grape skins seems to be transferred into wine since grape varieties with skins exhibiting high antioxidant potential also resulted in wines with high antioxidant activity. Statistically significant correlations were found between antioxidant activity and phenolic content (total polyphenols, proanthocyanins, catechins and anthocyanins) for both grape skins and wines.     

Grape and wine polymeric polyphenols: Their importance in enology

Phenolic compounds are important constituents of red wine, contributing to its sensory properties and antioxidant activity. Owing to the diversity and structural complexity, study of these compounds was mainly limited, during the last three decades, on their low-molecular-mass compounds or simple phenolic compounds. Only in recent years, much attention has been paid to highly polymerized polyphenols in grape and red wines. The reason for this is largely due to the development of analytical techniques, especially those of HPLC-ESI-MS, permitting the structural characterization of highly polymerized polyphenols. Furthermore, the knowledge on the biological properties of polymeric polyphenols of red wine is very limited. Grape polyphenols mainly consist of proanthocyanidins (oligomers and polymers) and anthocyanins, and low amount of other phenolics. Red wine polyphenols include both grape polyphenols and new phenolic products formed from them during winemaking process. This leads to a great diversity of new polyphenols and makes wine polyphenol composition more complex. The present paper summarizes the advances in the research of polymeric polyphenols in grape and red wine and their important role in Enology. Scientific results indicate that polymeric polyphenols, as the major polyphenols in grape and red wine, play a major role in red wine sensory properties, color stability and antioxidant activities.     

Characteristics and antioxidant capacities of five hawthorn wines fermented by different wine yeasts

Different yeast strains can influence the characteristics and active constituents of hawthorn wines. Hawthorn wines were produced using five different yeasts and characterized in terms of their profiles of typical properties and antioxidant capacities. The wine antioxidant capacities of 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2′‐azino‐bis‐3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid, superoxide anion (O₂ · ^–) scavenging activities and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were determined. It was found that the general wine compositions showed the expected variations. Except for yeast Lalvin W15 all of the yeasts exhibited good sugar‐utilizing ability and alcohol production. Yeast Lalvin 71B exhibited an excellent fermentation capability. Hawthorn wine fermented by yeast Lalvin 71B had the lowest residual sugar, titratable acidity and colour density and the highest alcohol content. SIHA Active Yeast 3 had good performance in respect to oxidation resistance. The highest content of anthocyanins and polyphenols in the wine was found with hawthorn wine fermented by SIHA Active Yeast 3, and this wine contained the highest antioxidant activity as determined by the DPPH assay, O₂ · ^– assay and FRAP. Statistical analysis indicated that pH value was significantly correlated with colour density (?0.954**) and alcohol content (0.905**) in the hawthorn wines. There was a strong positive correlation between the polyphenol content and the antioxidant activity as determined by the DPPH (0.915**) and FRAP (0.914**) assays, respectively. Copyright © 2013 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling.     

枸杞-粉葛酒与枸杞-野葛酒组分及抗氧化性的比较

分别以粉葛、野葛为原料,酶水解为糖浆后加入枸杞浆液,研制出枸杞-粉葛酒、枸杞-野葛酒,并对二者的理化指标、风味特征以及抗氧化性进行比较分析。结果表明,枸杞-野葛酒的干浸出物、葛根素、总酚含量分别达到37.3 g/L、（7.11±0.12） mg/L、（1 685.3±3.3） mg/L,均高于枸杞-粉葛酒。两种酒中分别鉴定出56种、57种挥发性组分,主要包括醇类、酯类、酸类、醛类、酮类、酚类、呋喃类等,其中酯类、酸类、呋喃类组分含量差异显著（P＜0.05）。枸杞-野葛酒中,脂肪酸乙酯含量高（815.72 g/L）,己酸（287.84 g/L）、辛酸（2 492.86 g/L）、正癸酸（1 223.46 g/L）、十二烷酸（35.02 g/L）、2-乙酰基吡咯（5.59 g/L）含量较高,赋予枸杞-野葛酒木质芳香,酒香浓郁。枸杞-野葛酒对DPPH、ABTS清除率分别为（64.5±0.3）%、（85.9±1.0）%,其抗氧化性高于枸杞-粉葛酒。