航空发动机振动数据稀疏傅里叶变换分析

稀疏傅里叶变换是近年来新兴的一种基于信号稀疏特性的频谱分析方法,稀疏傅里叶变换通过识别舍弃对分析结果无影响的频率信号,从而对大数据进行快速准确的处理。为了探究稀疏傅里叶变换在航空发动机振动数据分析中的实用性,结合实际飞行试验振动数据,将稀疏傅里叶变换方法与传统快速傅里叶变换方法在频谱特性、运行时间、算法稳定性等方面进行了研究,通过对比可以发现,稀疏傅里叶变换算法在保证准确率的情况下,可以极大地提高振动数据分析的效率。     

用空间载频法测量玻璃平板的厚度均匀性

设计了一种基于迈克耳逊干涉光路的相位测量系统,将单臂作为检测端完成了对玻璃平板厚度均匀性的直接测量和分析。该系统由CCD采集干涉图样,利用傅里叶变换条纹分析术和相位解包裹技术提取干涉图中所包含的待测相位信息;对于傅里叶变换法中频谱旁瓣中心无法准确定位的问题,采用三角变换法去载频,从而不需要准确地得知频谱旁瓣的中心位置就可以计算出相位结果,消除了人为估算和垂轴方向上的微小载频分量给测量结果带来的误差。实验测量了多块玻璃平板的厚度均匀性。测量结果显示：使用像元大小为4.65 μm×4.65 μm的CCD相机,测量玻璃平板两表面在长度方向和宽度方向上的厚度均匀性的理论精度分别达到0.93%和0.92%,表明本系统基本满足玻璃平板厚度均匀性测量的要求,且对干涉图频谱旁瓣的定位精度和载频的方向精度要求较低。     

基于激光自混合原理的涡轮叶片转速与叶尖间隙动态同步测量方法

针对在高温等恶劣环境下,航空发动机高转速下涡轮叶尖间隙测量稳定性差、易受干扰、精准度低等问题,提出一种基 于激光自混合原理的涡轮叶片转速与叶尖间隙动态同步测量方法。 首先,提出基于三镜 F-P 腔模型的自混合干涉模型,并以此 为基础构建测速和测距的数学模型;其次着重研究了涡轮叶片转动下动态自混合干涉信号的处理,将采集到的信号依次经过带 通滤波以及小波降噪处理,再用 FFT 进行处理得到频率,由此求得叶尖间隙值;之后分别进行静态和动态激光自混合干涉测距 实验进行验证;最后探讨影响动态测量的误差源,并对测量系统以及算法进行优化补偿。 实验结果证明,该方法可以有效地提 高涡轮叶片转速与叶尖间隙的同步测量的稳定性及精度,测速相对误差为 1% ,叶尖间隙测量误差为 23 μm。     

基于三维傅里叶变换的胸腹表面测量

鉴于人体胸腹表面三维运动测量在精确放疗等医学领域中的重要应用背景,提出一种三维傅里叶条纹分析与三频时间相位展开相结合的三维傅里叶变换胸腹表面测量方法。投射一幅不同频率三原色余弦条纹组成的图案,每采集一幅图像就能实现相应时刻胸腹表面的三维形状测量;将动态条纹图像序列作为一个三维序列整体,通过三维傅里叶变换并结合三维高斯滤波器提取折叠相位。无干扰时其均方根误差不超过0.005rad,峰谷值误差不超过0.015rad,其抗干扰能力高于二维傅里叶条纹分析和其他胸腹表面三维傅里叶条纹分析方法;通过三频时间相位展开方法进行折叠相位展开,在限定条件下绝对相位的误差不超过折叠相位的误差。理论分析和实验结果表明,本文方法能实现人体胸腹表面的三维动态测量。     

多表面干涉下的光学元件面形检测

为了消除平行平板类光学元件的多表面干涉效应对元件面形测量的影响,提出了基于波长移相调谐技术与傅里叶变换原理的多表面干涉条纹检测技术.首先,根据波长移相原理和被测元件的厚度,按照推算出的被测腔长与元件厚度间的比例关系正确摆放被测元件的测试位置.然后,通过波长移相技术采集一组干涉图.最后,对这组多表面干涉图进行离散傅里叶变换,提取带有被测元件前后表面面形的频率信息以及厚度变化的频率信息,通过重构算法得到准确的面形信息和厚度信息.实验结果表明:与传统的13步移相算法相比,得到的前表面PV值和RMS值分别相差0.003和0.001,而后表面PV值与RMS值分别相差0和0.001.这些结果基本满足平行平板类光学元件面形的高精度测量与洁净测量的要求.     

稀疏采样傅里叶望远镜成像

为了实现傅里叶望远镜快速成像,提出了一种稀疏采样图像重构方法,并对利用稀疏傅里叶样本精确重构目标图像的问题进行了研究。首先,基于压缩感知理论,并考虑目标图像在变换域的稀疏性或可压缩性,建立稀疏采样图像重构问题的优化模型。然后,构造适当的随机稀疏采样模板,对目标图像的傅里叶分量进行采样测量。最后,利用随机稀疏测量样本,通过非线性优化精确重构目标图像。实验结果显示,对实际的卫星图像,利用20%～30%随机测量样本非线性重构图像与利用全部测量样本直接重构图像的均方误差仅为4%～6%,表明利用随机稀疏傅里叶样本能够实现精确的图像重构,而且大大减少了测量样本的数量,从而有效降低了实现快速成像对傅里叶望远镜系统的成本和复杂性要求。     

基于非均匀快速傅里叶变换的正交频分复用水声通信多普勒估计与补偿方法

针对正交频分复用水声通信对多普勒频移敏感的问题,提出了一种基于非均匀快速傅里叶变换的正交频分复用水声通信多普勒估计与补偿算法。将第2类非均匀快速傅里叶变换引入正交频分复用水声通信中,利用非均匀快速傅里叶变换对接收信号进行多普勒因子网格补偿,通过稀疏贝叶斯学习获得水声信道估计,以水声信道的稀疏能量最小作为多普勒因子判断准则,从而获得高精度多普勒估计。仿真结果显示,所提出的方法在信噪比大于5 dB时,多普勒估计均方根误差优于1×10~(-5),同时系统误码率随着多普勒估计均方根误差减小而降低。海上试验结果显示,利用本文所给多普勒估计方法获得的两船相对径向速度与实际情况相吻合,系统解码后的平均误码率优于8.33×10~(-4)。仿真和海上试验结果表明,所提出的算法能够对多普勒因子进行有效估计,并且降低系统误码率。     

光谱仪动镜倾斜误差分析及其动态校正技术研究

采用了双光束干涉的迈克尔逊干涉仪系统的傅里叶变换红外光谱仪,在动镜运动过程中,动镜可能在三个方向发生倾斜。通过建立干涉面光强分布的二维数学模型,确立了干涉图函数的数学表达式,从调制度、相位误差和频率噪声的角度,对动镜倾斜误差进行了系统分析。在误差分析的基础上,对动镜容许的最大倾斜角度进行了讨论,并对其动态校正技术的要点做了分析。     

傅里叶变换红外光谱仪动镜倾斜误差分析

通过建立傅里叶变换光谱仪中动镜、定镜和干涉面的坐标对应关系,对动镜存在多个方向倾斜时的干涉光路进行了详细的分析。建立了非准直状态下干涉面光强分布的二维数学模型,确立了干涉图函数的数学表达式,从调制度、相位误差和频率噪声的角度,对动镜倾斜造成的影响进行了系统分析。在动镜的运动中,左右方向的倾斜和俯仰方向的倾斜对系统的影响彼此具有独立性,又具有叠加性;干涉图中初相位因子随光程差改变缓慢变化或快速变化,对相位误差的影响也不全相同。在倾斜误差分析的基础上,对动镜的最大倾斜角度和减少误差的方法进行讨论,并提出了两种动态准直校正的思路。     

分数阶傅里叶变换光纤白光干涉测量术

<正>项目负责人:江毅(E-mail:bitjy@bit.edu.cn)依托单位:北京理工大学项目批准号:510750371.项目简介光纤白光干涉测量术能够绝对测量干涉仪的光程差,广泛应用于距离、位移、压力、应变、折射率等物理量的测量。在申请人提出的光纤傅里叶变换白光干涉测量术基础上,本申请提出一种应用分数阶傅里叶变换的光谱域光纤白光干涉测量术。由于白光光谱不是一个理想的正弦曲线,而是随波长有一个啁啾,在高精度测量时,用普通的傅里叶分析法会引入一个     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Fifth International Summer School on Screw-Theory Based Methods in Robotics

正3-11 September,2014University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy www.summerscrews.org summerscrews2014.ing.unibo.it SUMMER 20SCREWS 14In 2014,our screw-theory school comes to the world's oldest university.In early September,Summer Screws'14 will gather six experts in the application of screw theory in robotics and up to 40 participants at the University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy.The school will teach attendees how to apply existing methods and empower them to develop new ones in their own research.The basic theoretical notions will be introduced in a rigorous manner,emphasizing examples,applications,and exercises.Scholarships are available.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND VISUALISATION-A PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE

Taking the actual project of teaching and researching process for example, the relationship between the industrial engineering and product development is discussed. And use the novel visualization technology to support the industrial engineering and product development. How to use the new computer modeling and simulating technologies to support the product development and industrial engineering, is introduced especially. The support includes both domestic products and industrial systems. The visualization and computer technologies take a very important role in some system or multi-direction modeling, those technologies mentioned above can help the industrial engineers study the effect of design on the whole life circle, including the producing steps. So the engineers can avoid making the wrong decision which may cause bad effects on the whole industrial engineering.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.