突出生态科学规划 推动农村水电绿色升级转型

本文介绍了陕西省按照新时期治水方针和生态文明建设要求,科学编制中小河流水能资源开发规划,以规划为统领,推进农村水电向绿色水电的升级转型。     

陕西省:科学布局 适度开发

本文介绍了陕西省按照新时期治水方针和生态文明建设要求,在中小河流水能资源开发规划中,突出生态,因地制宜,科学布局,适度开发,推进农村水电向绿色水电的升级转型。     

强化水能资源管理 加快农村水电建设

水能资源是水资源的重要组成部分，是可再生能源，是基础性的自然资源和战略性的经济资源。水能资源开发是水利部门结合江河治理、治水办电、充分发挥水资源综合利用效益的一项重要工作。2006年中央一号文件继续把农村水电作为农村重要的基础设施，作为国家重点扶持的农村“六小工程”之一。农村水电建设在社会主义新农村建设中具有重要的位置。强化水能资源管理，加快农村水电建设，就历史性地摆到了各级政府水行政主管部门面前。本文拟结合三台县“十五”水电农村电气化建设和“十一五”水电农村电气化规划工作，对水能资源管理和农村水电建设中的有关问题及对策作一些探讨。     

农村水电可持续发展及管理对策

农村水电具有一定的开发优势，但在开发中存在着水能资源管理缺位、部门职责不清、缺乏统一规划和统一调度管理等问题。针对这些问题,从编制流域综合规划、建立和完善水能资源许可制度、加强政府监管力度、实行统一调度、协调水电开发与生态保护的关系等方面提出了管理对策。     

强化调度 注重质量 做好规划组织和工程实施

<正>在水利部的关心支持下,江西省紧紧围绕抓发展、强监管、保生态、惠民生的总体要求,协调推进"四个水电"建设。2014年,中小河流水能资源开发规划稳步开展,农村水电增效扩容改造全面推进,水电新农村电气化及小水电代燃料项目投入再创新高。根据会议安排,现就江西省中小河流水能资源开发规划和民生工程建设情况汇报如下:一、加强水能规划组织管理江西省中小河流水能资源开发规划共涉及河流420条,目前已安排省级编制经费800万元,计划在2015年内全面完成规划任务。规划以现状评价与整     

对新疆农村水电建设与发展的思考

根据新疆水能资源的特点、开发现状和所需解决的问题,结合新疆水电农村电气化县建设和小水电代燃料生态保护工程建设,提出了新疆农村水电规划发展目标和应对的措施及建议。     

国外农村水能资源开发利用经验借鉴

农村水能资源开发利用在促进我国农村地区经济社会发展和改善生态环境方面发挥了重要作用,但由于监管缺位、规划滞后等原因,存在着无序开发、利益纠纷等不可忽视的问题.在新的历史时期,建设“民生水电、平安水电、绿色水电、和谐水电”对农村水能资源开发与管理工作提出了新要求.借鉴美国、加拿大、挪威、瑞士、日本等发达国家和印度等发展中国家成功经验,从健全管理体制、发挥行业协会作用、推进行业立法、加强政策扶持、保护生态环境等方面提出了我国农村水能资源开发利用的有关建议.     

加强水能资源和农村水电管理研讨会在京召开

3月7日～8日，加强水能资源和农村水电管理研讨会在水利部召开。水利部水电局局长程回洲出席会议，水电局有关领导以及水电行业专家、各省市水利厅水电处负责同志参加了会议。研讨会旨在落实中央十六届五中全会精神，按照中央关于加强农村水电开发规划和管理的要求，围绕加强水能资源管理、加强农村水电建设管理以及农村水电站管理等议题展开研讨。     

陕西省农村水电建设行政管理职能重新划归水利厅

近期,省机构编制委员会下发了《关于农村水电建设管理职能分工的通知》,通知明确规定由省水利厅行使全省农村水电建设和管理行政职能,具体有以下几条: 1．负责全省水能资源开发利用管理工作;组织编制省内河流水能资源开发利用规划并监督实施。     

辽宁省水能资源开发利用管理现状分析

《辽宁省水能资源开发利用管理条例》自2010年实施以来,辽宁省水能资源开发规划、项目建设管理、安全生产监管、绿色小水电建设、安全生产标准化电站建设的各项规章制度已逐步建立并完善,水能资源管理能力得到显著提升,辽宁省水能资源开发利用管理逐步走上法制化、规范化轨道。本文对此加以介绍。     

2003年兰考、东明洪水漫滩落淤情况调查

通过对2003年秋汛期间兰考北滩、东明南滩两处漫滩情况进行调查与分析，得出的结论为：滩区共滞蓄水量6亿～9亿m^3，漫滩落淤范围为7．5km^2，顺漫滩水流方向的落淤距离约3km。在这种水沙条件下，泥沙不能被输送至较远的堤河。经分析计算，本次泥沙落淤量为900万～1350万t，且距口门1．0km范围内落淤泥沙中的82％为粒径大于0．05mm的粗沙。由此得到的主要认识有：①靠自然落淤解决“二级悬河”问题非常困难，甚至会增大“二级悬河”程度；②给漫滩水预留出路是降低淹没损失的关键；③落淤的粗沙使土地产生了十分严重的沙化现象，并且使当地环境趋于恶化。     

雷州半岛地区2015年防旱抗旱工作对策与启示

2015年,广东省雷州半岛地区出现大范围干旱,该文总结了干旱特点,分析了干旱成因,采取了水资源统筹调配、引导调整种植结构及播种时机、人工增雨、筹措资金应急补助等抗旱措施,效果较好。此外,提出该地区今后打造"扩库硬渠上井群"升级版、推进农业结构调整、改善生态环境推动绿色发展的防旱工作对策。     

Operation and Maintenance Performance and Conflicts in Flood-control Projects in Bangladesh

Many embankments failed in severe floods in Bangladesh in 1987 and 1988, and concern grew over ways to improve flood-control projects. Maintenance was poor due to reliance on periodic rehabilitation, but few failures were due to poor construction or maintenance. Embankments mostly failed where they were eroded or were deliberately cut. They were cut by people living outside who believed they were made more flood-prone, and by people living inside because of internal drainage congestion. This reflected inadequate hydrological modelling, lack of consultation and failure to resolve conflicts between affected groups. Resources for maintenance are not generated locally and could be used more efficiently. Participatory planning could reduce conflicts, encourage a sense of project ownership and facilitate contributions to maintenance.     

南京市2016年暴雨洪水分析与思考

2016年汛期,南京市发生了建国以来的大洪水,降雨量和主要河湖水位均超历史.在对2016年暴雨、水情、洪水特点分析的基础上,提出加强南京市防洪工程体系的建议.     

山西省地下水资源开发利用中存在的问题及对策

山西省水资源严重短缺 ,地下水超采严重。分析了地下水资源量及可开采量、地下水开发利用历史和现状 ,以及超采产生的环境地质问题。在此基础上 ,提出了缓解地下水超采、有效合理开发利用地下水的一些措施意见 ,为加强地下水保护和管理提供了科学依据。     

Domestic Water and Sanitation in Cyclones and Floods in Bangladesh and a Proposed Research Agenda

ABSTRACT

Water is one of the top priority item s i relief activities but the appropriateness and effectiveness of this activity may be questioned. Water and sanitation (WS) are inseparable and together they play major roles in the transmission of the pathogen of diarrhoeal disease. Thousands of people die or suffer from WS-related diseases during postdisaster periods. Here we present WS-related experiences gained after Bangladesh's 1991 cyclone and the views of participants in a regional and a national (local) workshop on this matter held in Bangladesh. About 63 per cent of the water purifying tablets (WPTs) distributed after the 1991 cyclone were found to have lost potency Relief personnel lack basic knowledge about WS practices and the management of WS provision. Participants in the two workshops documented serious problems i this field at both regional and national levels. Major issues for research may include: an appropriate environmental preparedness plan; appropriate waste disposal technologies; appropriate water treatment methods; self- help activities during vulnerable periods; and health education related to WS in disaster situations.     

衡水市地下水开发利用存在的问题及对策

通过对衡水市地下水开发中存在问题的客观分析,提出了今后开发、利用和保护地下水的措施.     

Distribution and removal of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in water supplies in Germany

This study has been conducted, to estimate the distribution of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in German water supplies and the removal efficiency of surface water treatment plants for Giardia and Cryptosporidium by conventional treatment. Water samples from six surface water treatment plants in different parts of Germany were simoultaneously examined for Giardia and Cryptosporidium. Investigations for both parasites were carried out in the period from July 1993 until December 1995. The results confirmed the occurrence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in surface and raw water, to intermediate steps after treatment, in back wash water, in the first filtrate and in final water. Giardia or Cryptosporidium or both have been found in 76.2% of the investigated raw water sources. The average number of the detected Giardia cysts was 88.2/100 1 (max.1314/100 I), and the average number of Cryptosporidium oocysts was 116/100 I (max. 1081/1001). In the intermediate steps (including flocculation and several steps of filtration), Giardia or Cryptosporidium or both have been found in 33.3% (50/150) of the samples. 14.9% of drinking water samples (7/47) were positive for Giardia (max. 16.8 /1001) and 29.8% (14/47) were positive for Cryptosporidium (max. 20.8/100 I). Overall, Giardia and Cryptosporidium, or both were detected in 38.3% of the drinking water samples. The parasites have been found in nearly all of the investigated backwash water samples. The filtrate of a rapid sand filter was analysed immediately after filter backwashing during the ripening period of the filter. Good elimination results were obtained by optimizing relevant water treatment process, but a low flocculant dose following sudden variation in the raw water quality, causes a breakthrough of Cryptosporidium into the treated water. Although water treatment technologies are effective to remove Giardia and Cryptosporidium, the results clearly show that Giardia and Cryptosporidium evade the filter harries m the absence of visible treatment deficiencies and low turbitidy level, and contaminate final water.     

Progress in ecological and environmental water requirements research and applications in China

Abstract:

With economic development, as well as population growth, the conflict between water supply and demand has become more and more acute in China, and it has been aggravated further by the irrational utilization of water resources. As a result, the deterioration and destruction of the eco‐environment have become increasingly serious. In order to effectively protect ecosystems and improve their ecological conditions, many studies on ecological and environmental water requirements (EEWR) have been carried out in China. In this paper, the concept and characteristics of EEWR are addressed, and the main advances of EEWR research and applications in China are summarized in four types of systems including studies on rivers, vegetation, lakes and wetlands, and groundwater. In conclusion, issues necessary to be studied further in the future are put forward.