金属镁粒钝化处理的试验研究

采用化学反应法对镁粒进行钝化处理．进行正交试验,研究了钝化剂组分、钝化温度、钝化时间和干燥温度等对阻燃时间的影响。确定了最佳钝化剂组成和钝化工艺参数。经检测,制备的钝化镁粒阻燃时间为17．85s、燃点为923K和活性镁含量达98％。满足铁水脱硫的工艺要求。SEM观察发现,钝化处理后镁粒表面生成了致密的钝化层,且包覆均匀。试验中采用的钝化剂具有成本低、活性镁含量高等特点。     

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 通过在钝化液中加入一种稀土氧化物制备成一种钝化镁粒，用SEM、XRD、AES分析了这种自制钝化镁粒表面层的成分和结构，发现其表面包覆均匀，致密，XRD和AES结果显示表面层主要含有CeO2和MgO。通过线扫描分析元素浓度沿包覆层方向的变化，大致估算了包覆层的厚度为7~8 μm。经测试其在1〖KG-*9〗000 ℃下的阻燃时间达到了25.7 s，较普通钝化镁粒阻燃时间有所提高。     

化学反应法制备钝化镁的实验研究

为了提高镁脱硫时在钢液和铁液中的阻燃时间,使镁能够更好地脱硫,采用了化学反应法对镁进行钝化处理,研究了钝化液浓度、干燥温度、干燥时间以及钝化液种类对燃点和阻燃时间的影响。经测试其燃点和阻燃时间,效果良好。钝化处理后镁粒表面生成了致密的钝化膜,且包裹均匀。试验中采用的钝化剂具有成本低、活性镁损失小等特点。     

黄铜表面植酸钝化膜耐蚀性及其成膜机理

目的通过化学浸泡法在黄铜表面获得植酸钝化膜,并研究其成膜机理。方法采用硝酸点滴、中性盐雾试验和极化曲线测试,研究植酸钝化膜的耐蚀性。通过SEM、XRD对植酸钝化膜的形貌和组成进行分析,并测试黄铜试样钝化过程的电位-时间曲线,推测植酸钝化膜的成膜机理。结果与铬酸盐转化膜对比,黄铜表面植酸钝化膜的自腐蚀电流密度小于铬酸盐转化膜,腐蚀速率比重铬酸盐钝化膜小。经测试,植酸钝化膜的外观平整,结构致密,主要成分为植酸盐、Al_2O_3和ZnO。钝化过程的电位-时间曲线显示,黄铜试样的电位在前60 s从-0.172 V迅速升高到-0.157 V,随后电位升高的速度逐渐变缓,在150 s后电位变化微小。结论在黄铜表面形成的植酸钝化膜具有良好的耐腐蚀性能。植酸钝化膜的成膜过程分为黄铜表面的溶解和植酸钝化膜的形成两个过程。     

镀锡板钼酸盐-植酸体系电化学钝化膜的制备及性能研究

本工作用电化学方法对镀锡板进行钝化处理。采用硫酸铜点滴实验、电化学交流阻抗、Tafel曲线和扫描电子显微镜等方法检验膜层的性能。研究了电流密度、添加物、钝化时间等因素对钝化膜耐腐蚀性的影响,得出钝化膜的耐蚀性随着钝化时间的增大呈现先增大后趋于平稳的趋势,当钝化时间达到40 s时钝化膜的耐蚀性能最佳。优化出了最佳钝化工艺:钼酸钠25 g·L–1;植酸6.5 g·L–1;p H=4.5;钝化时间40 s;Jk=1.5 m A·cm-2。钝化处理后的膜层均匀平整的覆盖了镀锡板表面,膜层的腐蚀电位正移0.108 V,腐蚀电流降低2.3577×10-5 A·cm-2,硫酸铜点滴时间提高了23.3 s,电化学钝化效果接近铬酸盐钝化效果,有效提高了镀锡板的耐蚀性能。     

氯离子对模拟混凝土孔溶液中钢筋钝性影响的电化学研究

通过动电位极化曲线,电化学阻抗谱以及Mott-Schottky曲线的测试,研究了预钝化电位对模拟混凝土孔溶液中钢筋的钝化作用及氯离子对钢筋钝性的影响.结果表日月,在室温下相对于饱和甘汞电极电位为-0.200-0.200 V范围于不同电位分别预钝化4800 s后,钢筋表面均处于钝态;钝化膜内浅层施主浓度随预钝化电位的升高而减少,深层施主浓度则增加;预钝化电位为0.200 V时,钢筋钝化膜的电荷转移电阻最大;预钝化后的钢筋在含氯离子0.01-0.08 mol/L,pH值为1250的模拟混凝土孔溶液中浸泡24 h后,其表面钝化膜表现为高掺杂的n型半导体,在015-0.47 V电位区间内表现为一种类型的施主浓度,施主浓度随氯离子浓度的升高而减小.     

漏斗形结晶器液面流场物理试验与数值模拟分析

当FTSC薄板坯连铸机生产拉速提高到4～6 m/min时,浸入式水口通钢量增加,结晶器内流场扰动加剧,卷渣率提高,对生产顺行及铸坯质量都将产生重大影响。因此,为了解结晶器液面流场,根据实际生产情况,制作了1∶1的结晶器水物理模型,并通过Fluent软件对结晶器液面流场进行了数值模拟,研究了水口浸入深度及拉速对液面流场的影响。结果表明,在水模型物理试验中,水口浸入深度恒定为130 mm时,拉速在4～6 m/min范围内,结晶器表面流速随着拉速的提高而增大,其最大值范围为0.401～0.693 m/s;在6 m/min恒定拉速下,水口浸入深度在130～190 mm范围内,结晶器表面流速随着水口浸入深度的增加而减小,其最大值范围为0.503～0.690 m/s。在数值模拟中,水口浸入深度恒定为130 mm时,拉速在4～6 m/min范围内,结晶器表面流速随着拉速的提高而增大,其最大值范围为0.50～0.75 m/s;在6 m/min恒定拉速下,水口浸入深度在130～190 mm范围内,结晶器表面流速随着水口深入深度的增加而减小,其最大值范围为0.65～0.75 m/s。结晶器表面流速随着距水口中心距离的增大有先增加后减小的规律。     

制冷设备中热交换用铝管在线钝化及其耐蚀性能

康风连续挤压铝管分别经γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷（γ-APS）、分子中含有长链烷基的有机酸酯缓蚀剂A溶液在线预处理和钝化处理后,使铝管表面形成致密疏水的耐蚀膜;并用析氢试验、盐雾试验和电化学试验等检测钝化铝管的耐腐性能.结果表明,该铝管具有良好的耐蚀性能;该钝化剂对铝管钝化成膜的时间少于2s,且钝化液中不含重金属和氟化物等有害物质,通过欧盟ROHS标准,具有工业应用的价值.     

表面钝化纳米铝粉的制备及氧化机理分析

采用高频感应线圈加热,以蒸发-冷凝法制备了纳米铝粉,用空气进行钝化处理,得到有钝化层保护的纳米铝粉.使用透射电镜、场发射扫描电镜、X射线衍射、差热分析DTA等测试手段,研究了表面钝化处理对纳米铝粉抗氧化性能的影响.结果表明:经过表面钝化处理的纳米铝粉粒径范围为15～60nm,纳米铝粉表面包覆了3～5nm厚的氧化铝膜,形成明显的核/壳结构,具有较好的抗氧化性能,这对于纳米铝粉的存储、活性保护机理的探讨有一定的意义.     

在碱性溶液中Cu-Ni合金镀层钝化膜的半导体性能研究

用电化学方法测量Cu-Ni合金镀层在1 mol/L的NaOH溶液中的Tafel、EIS和Mott-Schottky曲线,研究了镀层钝化膜的电化学性能,并借助点缺陷模型(PDM)计算了钝化膜的受主浓度、平带电位及阳离子空位扩散系数.结果表明:Cu-Ni合金镀层表面钝化膜具有p型半导体性质.受主浓度和平带电位随成膜电位的负移而增大.随着合金镀层Cu含量的增加,受主浓度和钝化膜阻抗减小,钝化膜耐蚀性降低.不同Cu含量的Cu-Ni合金镀层阳极氧化后的钝化膜阳离子空位扩散系数为10-14cm2/s.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.