天然气制合成气工艺冷凝液中微量有机物分析

针对天然气制合成气工艺冷凝液中微量有机物难以定量的问题,采用总有机碳(TOC)测试仪测定冷凝液中总有机碳含量,采用气相色谱(GC)、离子色谱(IC)和高效液相色谱(HPLC)测定冷凝液中微量有机物组成,考察其定量的准确性。结果表明,冷凝液中总有机碳质量浓度为927 mg/L。采用GC测定冷凝液中甲醇质量浓度小于01 mg/L。采用HPLC测定冷凝液中甲酸质量浓度为325 mg/L,加标回收率为1026%。采用IC测定冷凝液中甲酸、乙酸质量浓度分别为3923、015 mg/L,加标回收率分别为1180%、1159%;用加标回收率校正后的甲酸质量浓度为3322 mg/L,与HPLC测定值接近。冷凝液中9146%的有机碳源于甲酸。采用TOC测试仪测定冷凝液中总有机碳含量可预测其有机物含量;IC可用于测定冷凝液中微量乙酸含量,但结果偏高;采用HPLC测定冷凝液中甲酸含量较为准确。     

混凝气浮—臭氧活性炭—双膜法回用处理化工外排污水

采用混凝气浮—臭氧活性炭—双膜(超滤-反渗透)工艺处理化工外排污水,在4 m3/h的中试装置上进行了工艺条件的优化试验。结果表明,在回流比(溶气水占处理水的体积分数)为30%,絮凝剂聚合氯化铝(PAC)、助凝剂聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)、臭氧投加量(处理水中的质量浓度)分别为75,1.75,32 mg/L的优化条件下,中试装置在线稳定运行84 h,外排污水COD值由50~80 mg/L降至小于10 mg/L,去除率高于70%; 悬浮物(SS)质量浓度由10~50 mg/L降至小于0.1 mg/L,去除率达99%; 电导率由3 200~3 600μS/cm降至小于20μS/cm,去除率大于94%,出水水质优于循环冷却水补充水的水质要求。     

炼油厂循环水系统在线除油中试试验研究

利用混凝气浮中试装置,采用聚硅酸盐类混凝剂LY-05与聚合氯化铝（PAC）复配的复合混凝剂,对炼油厂循环水系统进行了在线除油中试试验.结果表明,处理后水质浊度由50～ 320 NTU降低至小于5.0 NTU,去除率大于95％;石油类化合物质量浓度由16 ～65 mg/L降低至小于4.0 mg/L,去除率大于85％;悬浮物质量浓度由60～300 mg/L降低至小于4.5 mg/L,去除率大于95％.复合混凝剂与循环水系统所用缓蚀剂相容性良好,处理水回用于循环水系统后,水质的腐蚀率、异养菌数量、缓蚀剂投加量等指标均无明显变化.     

石油化工废水总有机碳的测定

使用TOC测定仪测定了石油化工废水中总有机碳的质量浓度,结果表明测试方法简便可行,灵敏度高且重复性好,相对标准偏差为0．3％～2．8％,加标回收率为98．3％～104．2％。     

炼厂燃料气的超重力吸收深度脱硫

针对炼厂加热炉用燃料气中低浓度硫化物,特别是有机硫化物,利用自主研发的深度脱硫吸收剂,考察并优化了超重力吸收脱硫工艺。结果表明:当模拟炼厂燃料气的进气总硫质量浓度为80～100 mg/m3时,在超重力机的床层填料为不锈钢波纹丝网,超重力因子为66,进气量为4 m3/h,液气比（吸收剂循环量与进气量的流量之比）为6 L/m3的最优超重力吸收深度脱硫工艺条件下,燃料气的总硫去除率高达96.4%。在3种进气总硫质量浓度为80～100,50～60,20～30 mg/m3情形下,模拟炼厂燃料气脱硫效果比较稳定,总硫去除率均大于90.1%,出气总硫质量浓度均小于4.62 mg/m3。     

蒸发结晶对高盐有机废水性质的影响

考察了蒸发结晶、重结晶以及活性炭对高盐有机废水性质的影响。结果表明：随着原水总有机碳（TOC）质量浓度的增大,原水结晶盐含TOC量和母液TOC质量浓度升高,原水结晶盐的白度下降;随着原水结晶盐含TOC量的增大,重结晶盐含TOC量呈加速升高趋势,母液TOC质量浓度则呈先加速后减速升高的趋势;拟合计算得出,当原水结晶盐含TOC量控制在5.338 mg/g以下,可通过一次蒸发结晶使产品盐含TOC量不高于1 mg/g;与未加入活性炭相比,加入活性炭得到的重结晶盐白度可由58.1%～60.6%上升至82.7%～83.8%。     

液相氧化脱除H_2S过程中铁离子溶液的生物法再生

以沸石为填料用吸附法固定氧化亚铁硫杆菌,建立了固定化生物反应器,对铁离子溶液进行再生,考察了空气流量和循环液喷淋量对Fe2+氧化率的影响。实验结果表明,在空气流量0.50m3/h、循环液喷淋量1.0L/h、初始pH1.6、温度30℃、初始Fe2+质量浓度8.25g/L的条件下,14h后Fe2+的氧化率可达95.18%,Fe2+的平均氧化速率为0.56g/(L.h)。利用再生的铁离子溶液在化学反应器中进行脱除H2S的实验。实验结果表明,当入口气体中H2S质量浓度为4.0g/m3时,运行250h后,脱硫效率从开始时的99.81%降为98.01%,出口气体中H2S质量浓度从7.80mg/m3增加到82.00mg/m3。为保持脱硫效率的稳定,需定期向铁溶液中补加Fe2+以维持铁离子溶液中Fe2+含量的基本稳定。     

曝气生物过滤-多介质过滤-电吸附工艺处理炼油污水

针对炼油污水的水质特点,采用曝气生物滤池-多介质过滤-电吸附组合工艺,在中试装置上对其进行了深度处理。结果表明,在曝气生物滤池的气水体积比为(1.5～2.5)∶1.0,每立方米滤料CODCr容积负荷为0.7kg/d,电吸附脱盐单元的模块电压为1.55V,产水率为75%的条件下,组合工艺处理后出水水质为CODCr小于30mg/L、含油小于1mg/L、含悬浮物(SS)小于3mg/L、电导率小于800μS/cm,可满足循环水系统补充水的水质要求。     

俄罗斯混合原油电脱盐技术研究与应用

为解决俄罗斯混合原油脱盐问题,根据俄罗斯混合原油的特点,通过模拟试验对其电脱盐问题进行了研究.得出的最佳工艺条件为:生物复合破乳剂用量20 μg/g,电场强度800 V/cm,温度120℃,注水量6%.同时,设计了高效电脱盐装置,制备了生物复合破乳剂.应用表明:原油单级脱盐后盐质量浓度小于3 mg/L,电耗仅0.05kW·h/t,排水含油20 μg/g.     

溶气提高脱油型水力旋流器除油效率研究

通过尼可尼气液混合泵向原水中溶入气体,研究了溶气条件下脱油型水力旋流器除油效率的变化规律。结果表明,在溶气条件下,旋流器的除油效率显著增加,在原水中油的质量浓度为200～300mg/L时,出水中油的质量浓度可降到15mg/L以下,平均除油效率达95.5%,提高了9.4个百分点;当气液比Rgl≤3%时,溶气对除油效率的影响不明显,当3%相似文献   

总有机碳法在循环水系统查漏中的应用

根据燃烧氧化-非分散红外吸收原理,使用multiN／C3100型总有机碳（TOC）分析仪对循环水中TOC进行测定。应用结果表明,TOC法操作简便、快速、灵敏度高,标准偏差为0．092％,加标回收率在0．96％～1．02％,满足循环水系统实际检测需要。     

高TOCi锅炉补给水对机炉安全的影响及处理

在环保和对原水综合利用的大环境下,除盐水制水水源日益复杂,锅炉补给水TOCi含量高且不稳定的问题频繁出现。在原有的炉水加药方案已不能满足高TOCi锅炉补给水的情况下对炉水校正处理,将危及机炉的安全运行。旨在找出适合高TOCi锅炉补给水的炉水校正方案,解决高TOCi锅炉补给水对机炉安全运行的影响。     

TOC Determination in Source Rocks Using GR Spectrometry and Neuro-Fuzzy Techniques in a Zagros Basin Oilfield

Due to the high content of gamma ray in hydrocarbon source rocks, it may be detected by gamma ray or computed gamma ray peaks. In this article, the total organic carbon content of (TOC) of Pabdeh and Gurpi formations was calculated using a ΔlogR technique with three methods including cross-plots of resistivity–sonic, resistivity–density, and resistivity–neutron. This approach was applied for Pabdeh and Gurpi formations in wells A and B in an oil field in Zagros basin of Iran. The results were calibrated with core-derived data. The amount of TOC was compared with spectrometry of uranium, thorium, and potassium. All data were predicted by a neuro-fuzzy technique in these wells.     

压裂返排液中有机物含量的表征方法探讨

针对压裂返排液成分复杂,处理过程中有机物含量难以表征这一特点,以压裂返排液中主剂羟丙基瓜尔胶为研究对象,分别采用测定体系化学耗氧量(COD)和总有机碳(TOC)方法研究了有机物含量、氯离子含量和氧化处理对其含量表征的影响。结果表明:COD表征压裂液返排液的有机物含量有较大局限性,TOC比COD更适合表征羟丙基瓜尔胶溶液中有机物的含量。     

The Remediation of Waste Drilling Muds by a Combined Plant-microbe System

In the present study, waste drilling muds from an active drilling operation were used to evaluate the feasibility and efficiency of bioremediation in the laboratory during a one-year trial and following a phytoremediation treatment. The results showed that total organic carbon (TOC) content in the muds decreased from 89800 to 21700 mg/kg after 48 h of biotreatment in a slurry reactor, and the chroma removal efficiency reached 81.5%. TOC contamination level was decreased by 84.6% after 240 days of phytoremediation.     

Predicting the total porosity of shale gas reservoirs

The favorable zone with organic-rich shale reserve is the “sweet” in the exploration of shale gas, while the logging evaluation of reservoirs, to which the accurate assessment of total porosity is instrumental, is critical to seek this “sweet.” Taking the reservoirs in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation in Jiaoshiba region of Fuling, China as an example, the applicability of Herron Model for total porosity was first analyzed based on the logging data of Well #S1 (including element capture spectroscopy (ECS) and conventional logging) as well as the core analysis data (including total porosity and total organic carbon). Results show that the total porosity of target horizons was not accurately calculated with the Herron Model for the following two reasons: (a) in the calculation of apparent density porosity and apparent neutron porosity, rocks are taken as a simple combination of matrix and pore, neglecting the organic matters in reservoirs; (b) the weight coefficients of apparent density porosity and apparent neutron porosity are constant, ignoring their variation in various geological structures. Based on this analysis, an improved method of evaluating the total porosity of shale gas reservoirs was put forward and used to calculate the total porosity of Well #S2 in Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation in Jiaoshiba. Compared with original Herron Model, the new method offers simpler operation and considerably better accuracy, which make it suitable for wide range of applications.     

页岩气储层总有机碳含量测井评价新方法

对页岩气储层总有机碳含量(TOC)测井评价新方法进行了探索。利用有机质在电阻率测井和自然伽马测井中的不同响应特征以及数字岩石物理实验模拟的结果,提出了双泥质含量评价TOC含量的方法。利用双泥质含量法对实际资料进行了处理,并对处理结果与岩心TOC进行了验证和对比分析。双泥质含量法评价TOC方法精度较高,且方便易行,对于仅有常规测井曲线的地区可选择该方法进行TOC的评价。     

烃源岩测井识别与评价方法研究

烃源岩测井评价通过纵向连续的高分辨率测井信息估算地层的有机碳含量，弥补了因取心不足而造成的在区域范围内识别与评价烃源岩的困难，为资源量估算及油气勘探决策措施提供地质依据。研究了用△lgR、多元统计分析和人工神经网络方法根据测井信息识别与评价烃源岩的方法，用这些方法对塔里木盆地台盆区21口井寒武-奥陶系进行烃源岩层段识别与评价，将测井资料处理成果与岩心的有机地化、地质录井资料相互检验，证实所用方法基本满足烃源岩评价的需要。     

The reservoir characteristics of marine shale and its effect on the adsorption of methane in Northern Guizhou

Abstract

The reservoir characteristics of the Lower Paleozoic marine shale in Fenggang block of northern Guizhou are evaluated from three aspects: gas-bearing characteristics, petrological characteristics and reservoir space by a series of experimental data. The effect of total organic carbon content, kerogen type and clay mineral content on shale adsorption capacity is discussed. The results show that the reservoir characteristics of the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation shale in the study area are conducive to the enrichment of shale gas. In the case of quantitative clay minerals, the chlorite content has a significant adverse effect on the methane adsorption of the samples. The shale gas methane adsorption has an excellent increasing trend with the increase of total organic carbon content. The type II₁ organic matter is more conducive to the adsorption of methane than the type I organic matter.     

Application of support vector regression analysis to estimate total organic carbon content of Cambay shale in Cambay basin,India – a case study

The objective of the present study is to estimate total organic carbon (TOC) content over the entire thickness of Cambay Shale, in the boreholes of Jambusar–Broach block of Cambay Basin, India. To achieve this objective, support vector regression (SVR), a supervised data mining technique, has been utilized using five basic wireline logs as input variables. Suitable SVR model has been developed by selecting epsilon-SVR algorithm and varying three different kernel functions and parameters like gamma and cost on a sample dataset. The best result is obtained when the radial-basis kernel function with gamma = 1 and cost = 1, are used. Finally, the performance of developed SVR model is compared with the ΔlogR method. The TOC computed by SVR method is found to be more precise than the ΔlogR method, as it has better agreement with the core-TOC. Thus, in the present study area, the SVR method is found to be a powerful tool for estimating TOC of Cambay Shale in a continuous and rapid manner.