Complex correction of data acquisition channels using FIR equalizerfilters

The common conviction about FIR (finite impulse response) digital filters is that the number of necessary taps, to reach the same performance as provided by IIR (infinite impulse response) digital filters, is usually too large. Moreover, the standard FIR filter design algorithm (Remez exchange) allows the design of linear-phase filters only. Therefore, IIR filters are often preferred over FIR ones, without any further investigations. This paper presents a case study of complex (amplitude and phase) equalization of the passband of a commercial anti-aliasing filter. The novelty is the usage of an FIR filter for this purpose (or an FIR one, combined with a low-order IIR filter), and a thorough discussion of the special design aspects. It turns out that for the given anti-aliasing filter (a Cauer filter of order 11) an FIR filter of length 60···100 can perform as well as a 26/26 (numerator order/denominator order) IIR one. The properties are even better if a low-order IIR filter is used in combination with an FIR one (orders, e.g., 1/1+40/0). Because of the absence of stability problems and the ease of implementation, the use of FIR filters is suggested     

环境噪声主动控制算法的研究与实现

噪声主动控制技术是环境降噪的新技术,主动控制算法是其核心的问题之一。在研究滤波-X LMS主动控制算法基础上,提出了基于ⅡR滤波器的滤波-U LMS主动控制算法。对存在声反馈时的噪声主动控制中,可以提高系统的稳定性。设计了自适应主动噪声控制系统,对滤波-X LMS与滤波-U LMS主动控制算法进行了仿真和实验,结果表明,两种算法均能有效地应用于噪声主动自适应控制中,滤波-U LMS具有更好的宽频降噪效果。     

表面测量中抗混叠数字滤波器的设计与实现

在表面测量数据采集系统中,针对抗混叠滤波器设计问题,提出了“模拟滤波器＋数字滤波器”的设计方法．设计了具有线性相位的有限脉冲响应（FIR）型抗混叠数字滤波器,得出了幅频特性和相频特性,满足了表面测量信号处理的要求．与传统的单纯模拟抗混叠滤波器相比,该方法有效降低了对模拟滤波器的设计要求,使其易于实现,滤波效果好．把该方法应用于表面测量系统中,通过对实测数据的应用试验,验证了滤波器的性能．     

水中目标辐射噪声特性仿真

文章中讨论了水中目标一船体辐射噪声的特性。运用冲激响应不变法来设计IIR数字一阶低通滤波器，并用此滤波器对高斯白噪声进行滤波，滤波器的输出能很好地模拟船体辐射宽带连续噪声，此输出信号的功率谱在高频端以6dB／oct的斜率下降。运用直接数字信号合成技术产生多个低频线谱信号，并将它与宽带连续噪声相加，从而来模拟船体辐射的低频线谱。     

基于新的模态单元滤波消除地震信号中的汽车噪声

由于地震信号采集环境和采集仪器存在干扰,采集到的地震波形中通常包含很多噪声信号,严重影响了地震信号的应用。模态单元滤波（Mode Cell Filter：MCF）无需先验基函数,是一种自适应的消噪算法。本文将MCF引入到地震信号消噪中,提出了一种基于MCF的汽车干扰消除算法,并设计对仿真信号和实际信号的消噪试验。仿真试验中,MCF消噪性能优于最优小波基算法,而在实际信号消噪中,MCF算法性能优于IIR数字滤波器,与改进最优小波基方法相当。     

基于格型陷波滤波器的科里奥利质量流量计信号处理方法

采用比IIR型计算更为简单的自适应格型陷波滤波器对科里奥利质量流量计的流量传感器的输出信号进行滤波并求得其频率；并应用自适应谱线增强器从含有噪声的信号中提取出流量管振动的基频信号；然后采用滑动Goenzel算法计算两路信号之间的实时相位差，再根据频率和相位差计算出时间差最终求得质量流量。     

Digital filtering for robust 50/60 Hz zero-crossing detectors

An improved digital filtering method for line frequency zero-crossing detectors is proposed. The multistage filter efficiently attenuates harmonics, wide-band noise, commutation notches, and other impulsive disturbances without causing any phase shift on the primary sinusoidal waveform. Our novel signal-processing system is a cascade of a median filter and an adaptive sinusoid predictor, followed by up-sampling and interpolation. The three-point median filter effectively removes impulses, and the predictor provides wide-band noise attenuation while compensating for delays in the other processing steps. The predictor adapts to possible line frequency variations within the specified range by changing the set of coefficients, based on an estimate of the instantaneous line frequency. The adaptive approach allows the use of highly selective IIR bandpass predictors     

分形噪声中谐波信号的提取

本文提出一种分形噪声中谐波信号的提取算法。它利用小波变换对1／f噪声的白化作用,结合自适应自调谐滤波器组,在小波域实现了分形噪声与谐波信号的分离。仿真结果表明,该算法能够有效地抑制分形噪声,显著地提高信噪比。     

Optimal Estimation of the Acceleration of a Car Under Performance Tests

In this paper, a recursive least-squares lattice (RLSL) adaptive filter was used to carry out the optimal estimation of the relevant signal coming from an accelerometer placed in car under performance tests. Here, the signal of interest is buried in a broadband noise background where we have little knowledge of the noise characteristics. In addition, due to the fact that the noise and the relevant information sometimes share the same or a very similar frequency spectrum, it is very difficult to cancel the noise that corrupts the relevant information without causing that information to deteriorate. The results of the experiment are satisfactory and, in order to compare classical filtering with optimal adaptive filtering, the signal coming from the accelerometer was also filtered by using a third-order lowpass digital Butterworth filter. The results of comparing the aforementioned filters show that the optimal adaptive filter is superior to the classical filter. Here, a significant improvement of 22.4 dB in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the RLSL adaptive filter output was achieved. However, the improvement in the SNR at the Butterworth filter output was 6.1 dB, which shows very clear that the optimal adaptive filter performs much better than the classical one     

A Comparison of Integration and Low-Pass Filtering

A comparison of the ideal integrator and low-pass filters has been made. Many experimenters use an integrator to filter out high-frequency noise from their data, whereas a properly designed low-pass filter will remove more noise and distort the signal less. Viewed as a low-pass filter, the integrator is superior to the RC filter but inferior to higher order filters. An integrating digital voltmeter (DVM) integrates and samples the input signal. If the signal has a varying component and is mixed with noise, it would be more accurate to use a low-pass filter followed by a sampler, than the integrating DVM.     

组合声源管路信号失真的自适应修正方法研究

针对使用外置声源模拟汽车进气、排气噪声进行空气声传递路径分析的试验中,现有低频声源无法发出进排气时频率为30 Hz的低频噪声,同时由于低频声源体积过大需要过渡管道才能将噪声信号传输至排气尾管.为了解决声源系统引入过渡管道带来的声阻抗变化,提出了一种自适应预滤波的噪声修正方法.该方法采用最小均方误差自适应算法对系统逆传递...     

一种改进型自适应加权模糊均值滤波算法

针对原有的自适应加权模糊均值AWFM滤波器对局部噪声幅度估计不足的缺点。提出了一种新的改进型自适应加权模糊均值MAWFM滤波算法。该算法采用了一种新的模糊检测方法，可以同时检测各个像素点的正负向噪声幅度，从而能够建立一种新的自适应的模糊信号空间，以适应噪声在各个图像局部的变化。实验结果表明，MAWFM滤波器比以前的AWFM滤波器及传统的中值滤波器均有较优越的性能。     

水下小孔径阵列远程目标检测方法研究

匹配滤波器频域自适应线谱增强方法是一种基于递归算法的非线性滤波技术,它大大提高了匹配滤波器的检测性能.针对当前该技术使用窄带信号作为发射信号存在可利用的带宽有限,不能充分发挥自适应线谱增强器性能的问题,文章提出将该技术与宽带信号相结合来检测远程目标.仿真显示,该方法在低信噪比条件下获得了较高的信噪比增益和检测概率.海试...     

基于小波滤波器组的涡街流量计信号处理方法

涡街流量计应用比较广泛,但是,由于易受管道振动和流场不稳定等因素干扰,如何从强噪声背景下检测出涡街信号频率,一直是个难题.研究了多相结构ⅡR小波滤波器组的设计方法,给出了Butterworth型小波滤波器组的实现方案,将基于小波滤波器组的信号处理方法应用于涡街流量计,并给出最佳频带的判别准则.仿真结果表明,Butterworth型小波滤波器组具有较好的幅频特性和较高的频率精度.     

Improving the response of a wheel speed sensor by using frequency-domain adaptive filtering

In this paper, a frequency-domain least-mean-square adaptive filter is used to cancel noise in a wheel speed sensor embedded in a car under performance tests. In this case the relevant signal is buried in a broad-band noise background, where we have little or no prior knowledge of the signal or noise characteristics. The results of the experiments show that the signal of interest and the noise (all forms of interference, deterministic, as well as stochastic) share the same frequency band and that the filter used significantly reduced the noise corrupting the information from the sensor while it left the true signal unchanged from a practical point of view. In this paper, a signal-to-noise ratio improvement higher than 40 dB is achieved. The results of the experiment show the importance of using digital signal processing when dealing with a signal corrupted by noise.     

基于增强型形态学滤波的风电机组轴承故障诊断方法

风电机组滚动轴承振动信号微弱故障特征易被背景噪声和其他频率干扰,提取难度较大。针对此类问题,提出一种增强型的形态学滤波及故障诊断方法。算法构造了一种新的形态学综合顶帽变换(morphological comprehensive filter-hat transform,MCFHT),将其用于强背景噪声下目标信号的故障脉冲提取,并通过非线性滤波器幅频响应考察其滤波性质,为振动检测中故障脉冲的提取提供理论依据;针对MCFHT变换滤波尺度选择问题,通过分析原振动信号自身振动特性,给出了一种自适应的尺度计算策略,有效提高了滤波处理的效率和性能;提出一种改进的包络导数能量算子用于增强形态学滤波后信号中故障冲击特征,并滤除带内噪声频率。仿真信号与风电机组轴承实际故障信号实验结果表明,该方法能有效提取随机噪声和谐波干扰下的故障特征信息,滤波效果强于传统方法,具有较好的工程应用价值。     

一种用于自适应有源噪声控制的在线次级通道建模方法

针对前馈式自适应有源降噪系统次级通道在线建模问题,首先分析比较已有的在线次级通道建模方法,给出了各自的优缺点。在此基础上提出了一种基于Fx LMS算法的在线次级通道建模方法,该方法使次级通道建模步长随干扰信号和建模白噪声信号功率自适应更新,降低了初级噪声对建模的不利影响,并利用误差信号相关值和初级噪声能量来更新控制滤波器步长,有效降低了突发随机噪声对系统稳定性的影响。计算机仿真结果表明,该方法显著提高了次级通道模型的精度和系统收敛速度,取得更好的降噪效果。     

基于模糊理论的椒盐噪声滤波算法

针对图像中的椒盐噪声,基于模糊理论设计了一种滤波算法。首先分析了椒盐噪声的特点,给出了自适应的噪声检测方法,并对噪点设计了自适应的噪声消除方法,最后采用几幅图像进行实验,定性和定量分析结果表明该方法对于椒盐噪声的消除可行、有效。     

基于最大相关熵准则的水下生物脉冲噪声消除方法

近海生物噪声表现为脉冲噪声,这一类噪声显著降低了水声通信系统的性能。结合水声信道的稀疏特性,提出一种基于最大相关熵准则的级联滤波器算法,该算法实现了脉冲噪声的消除及稀疏信道估计。第一级自适应滤波器完成对噪声的消除工作,第二级滤波器对去噪后的信号进行稀疏信道估计。该方法的优势在于无需知道信号和噪声的相关信息。仿真结果表明,提出的方法比单一的滤波器结构和传统信道估计算法性能更加优越。     

基于小波包和LMS自适应降噪的柴油机振动诊断

由于柴油机振动信号的特征频带和噪声频带存在重叠现象,利用小波阈值消噪时难以选取合适的小波阈值,针对该问题提出一种基于小波包的LMS自适应滤波降噪方法。该方法将小波包与LMS自适应滤波相结合,首先利用小波包变换对信号进行多层分解,然后以噪声干扰对应尺度上的第一层“细节”分量及最大分解尺度上的逼近分量重构信号,将重构后的信号作为LMS自适应滤波器原始输入信号,再以小波包最大分解尺度上的高频细节信号作为自适应抵消器的参考输入信号,进行LMS自适应滤波降噪处理。仿真计算和工程应用表明,该方法参数设置较少,易于控制,不涉及小波阈值降噪中阈值的选取问题,对比试验信号的分析验证了方法的有效性,将该法应用在柴油机振动诊断中提高了故障识别率。