框架剪力墙结构建筑施工技术应用分析

框架剪力墙是建筑工程中常见的结构形式，其施工技术的应用与改进关系到建筑工程项目的总体施工质量。从结构体系受力、结构刚度和强度方面分析框架剪力墙的结构特点；从施工准备、钢筋工程施工技术、混凝土结构施工技术、模板结构施工技术等方面分析框架剪力墙结构建筑施工技术的应用，并提出框架剪力墙结构施工应注意的问题，包括评估构件风荷载影响、保证框剪结构精简化、预防控制混凝土裂缝、重视剪力墙弹性性能等。     

超高性能混凝土在房屋建筑结构中的研究与应用进展

近年来，超高性能混凝土(UHPC)发展迅速，已较广泛应用于桥梁工程等领域，在提升耐久性、减轻自重、简化配筋、缩短工期等方面展现出很大优势，取得了良好的综合经济技术效益。然而，目前UHPC在房屋建筑结构中的研究还比较少，应用情况尚不尽如人意。本文以UHPC建筑结构为对象，对UHPC结构特征及目前的工程应用概况进行总结，分析了UHPC结构的基本设计原理和方法。着重介绍了本课题组近年来有关UHPC建筑结构构件和节点的相关研究成果，包括新型轻质保温夹芯屋面板、新型夹芯楼板–墙板装配式结构、双向waffle板、装配式混凝土框架后浇梁柱节点等，总结了UHPC在建筑结构中的合理应用方式和效果。最后，提出了UHPC建筑结构发展的建议，以期推动UHPC在房屋建筑中的应用，提升其综合性能和品质。     

压力容器分析设计的结构优化方法

压力容器应力分析设计法正在我国石油化工等行业得到迅速地普及应用。应用ANSYS软件提供的参数化设计语言和优化设计等高级分析技术，可以采用一种新的“结构优化法”进行压力容器的应力分析设计。该方法具有设计计算周期短、工作量小等优点，具有应用推广价值。     

扫描电镜在天然药物显微鉴定中的应用进展

扫描电镜具有放大倍数大、分辨率高、能直接观察样品表面结构等特点，在医学和生物的微结构研究领域得到了越来越多的应用，为研究物体组织表面或断面提供了强有力支持。综述了近5年来扫描电镜在天然药物显微鉴定中的应用，包括植物药根茎的断面形态，叶表皮的气孔结构、大小和密度，花粉粒纹饰及其形态特征、果实、种子和孢子等的结构特征；动物药的表面结构；矿物药的形貌特征等，以期为扫描电镜对天然药物的分类和鉴定分析提供理论依据。     

工作站在轮胎结构优化设计及力学分析中的应用

简要介绍了工作站在轮胎结构设计及力学分析中的应用，如建立轮胎几何模型、材料模型及有限元模型，并通过分析解算、处理有限元分析结果完成轮胎结构优化设计，为轮胎结构设计人员在轮胎结构优化设计、力学分析等工作中提供了一个强有力的方法和工具。     

子午线轮胎滚动阻力的研究进展

综述子午线轮胎滚动阻力的研究进展，包括轮胎滚动阻力测试技术的发展，轮胎负荷、气压和行驶速度等使用条件与轮胎滚动阻力的关系，胎面橡胶材料、骨架材料、配合剂、胶料混炼工艺以及轮胎高宽比、轮辋宽度与直径、胎体结构、胎圈结构、胎面结构等对轮胎滚动阻力的影响，重点介绍了有限元分析技术在轮胎滚动阻力研究方面的应用情况。指出有限元分析技术将随着计算机硬件的迅速发展而在轮胎结构设计中得到更广泛的应用。     

LDHs功能材料在建筑领域的应用研究进展

层状双（或复合）金属氢氧化物（Layered Double Hydroxides，LDHs）是一类具有特殊结构与功能的新型层状材料，因其独特的组成结构可调变性及记忆效应等特性使其在诸多领域获得广泛的研究和应用。综述了LDHs材料的组成、结构和性质以及近年来LDHs功能材料在混凝土、涂料、保温材料及其他建材中的应用进展。讨论了LDHs材料的特点和应用机理，并分析了当前LDHs材料存在的制备成本高、制备工艺条件苛刻、剥离困难及插层组装定位取向和机理分析不够成熟、用途较单一等问题。最后对LDHs在超分子功能材料及剥离重组等方面的开发使用进行了展望。     

农药助剂用有机硅表面活性剂

综述了农药助剂用有机硅表面活性剂的化学结构及其特性和功效，在农业中的应用等。分析了它们的使用限制因素、研究方向及应用前景。     

BIM技术在化工建设项目中的施工信息分类系统搭建

将BIM模型应用在有限元软件中进行计算，可充分分析化工厂建筑结构受力情况；但目前有限元软件中无法有效区别化工厂建筑复合材料混凝土中的有机材料(水泥、减水剂等)与钢筋。为进一步提高钢筋与复合材料混凝土在有限元软件中的识别，通过在BIM技术和有限元仿真技术的支持下，构建化工建筑结构仿真系统，并结合建筑结构、应力荷载等实际情况对化工建筑结构仿真系统进行了分析。还对传统的结构分析算法进行改进，设计实验来评价此方法的效果，并以仿真的形式对数据进行分析，比较测试结果的有效性。研究结果可知，通过建立化工建筑结构仿真系统，可有效识别复合材料混凝土与钢筋。     

管式电化学反应器提高传质途径的研究进展

基于CFD软件模拟传质系数和理论公式验证的基础上，分析了改变管式反应器结构、电极布置形式和反应器运行模式等提高传质的方法，对旋转电极的开发和其在污废水中的应用提供了理论支撑和应用方向。     

天然植物白芨胶的功能及在化妆品中的应用

介绍了天然植物白芨胶的无毒、安全、收敛、止血、延缓皮肤衰老、增稠、悬浮、保湿和助乳化等功能。对白芨胶在化妆品中的应用作了试验研究,临床实验结果表明,白芨对治疗和防止皮肤冻疮和皲裂、促进血液循环、改善皮肤营养状况和防止皱纹等具有明显疗效,且无副反应和毒性。因此,白芨胶是一种理想的化妆品天然植物添加剂。     

Fumigant toxicity of essential oils from some common spices against pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)

In the present study, the essential oil from seven common spices, Anethum graveolens, Cuminum cyminum, Illicium verum, Myristica fragrans, Nigella sativa, Piper nigrum and Trachyspermum ammi was isolated and its insecticidal, oviposition, egg hatching and developmental inhibitory activities were determined against pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis. Essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation method using Clevenger apparatus. These essential oils caused death of adults and larvae of Callosobruchus chinensis when fumigated. The 24-h LC(50) values against the adults of the insect were 8.9 mul, 10.8 mul, 11.0 mul, 12.5 mul, 13.6 mul, 14.8 mul and 15.6 mul for N. sativa, A. graveolens, C. cyminum, I. verum, P. nigrum, M. fragrans and T. ammi oils respectively. On the other hand, against larval stage these values were 6.4 mul, 7.9 mul, 8.9 mul, 11.1 mul, 11.7 mul, 12.2 mul and 13.5 mul for N. sativa, A. graveolens, C. cyminum, I. verum, P. nigrum, M. fragrans and T. ammi respectively. These essential oils reduced the oviposition potential, egg hatching rate, pupal formation and emergence of adults of F(1) progeny of the insect when fumigated with sublethal concentrations. These essential oils also caused chronic toxicity as the fumigated insects caused less damage to the stored grains. The essential oil of N. sativa was found most effective against all the different stages of the Callosobruchus chinensis followed by A. graveolens, C. cyminum, I. verum, P. nigrum, M. fragrans and T. ammi oils. All the responses were found concentration-dependent. The toxic and developmental inhibitory effects may be due to suffocation and inhibition of various biosynthetic processes of the insects at different developmental stages.     

Flame-retardant brominated styrene-based polymers. X. Dibromostyrene grafted latexes

This paper describes the synthesis, characterization, and some applications of flame-retardant dibromostyrene grafted latexes. These latexes are synthesized by an emulsion polymerization technique. One of the prime factors to be considered in the choice of a commercial latex or a latex blend to be grafted is the glass transition temperature(s) of the polymer(s) in the final latex desired. The graft latexes were characterized in terms of glass transition temperature, solids content, bromine content, grafted dibromostyrene content, and flame retardancy. They are useful for a wide range of applications, including fabric backcoatings, carpetings, paints, adhesives, sealants, caulks, nonwoven binders, etc. Presented at the 23rd Annual Waterborne, High-Solids, and Powder Coatings Symposium, on February 14–16, 1996, in New Orleans, LA P.O. Box 2200, West Lafayette, IN 47906. NICK A. FAVSTRITSKY is Manager of Polymers Research at Great Lakes Chemical Corporation. Dr. Favstristky received the B.S. Degree from the University of California-Berkeley, M.S. Degree from Yale, and Ph.D. from Oregon State. Prior to joining Great Lakes in 1984, he had extensive industrial R & D experience in product and process development as a research scientist and technical manager. Dr. Favstritsky carried out research in catalysis, oxidation, hydrogenation, polyester synthesis, polyester waste recovery, continuous emulsion polymerization, liquid crystal polymers, epoxy resins, and textile and tire cord fiber development. While at Great Lakes, Dr. Favstritsky and his team have been active in developing new flame retardant, polymer additives, novel coatings, water treatment chemicals, specialty monomers, and polymers. He has published more than 12 papers in the dibromostyrene-based products and (co)authored more than 35 U.S. patents and a large number of foreign patents. JIN-LIANG WANG is Project Leader at Great Lakes Chemical Corporation. Dr. Wang received the diploma in Chemical Engineering from the Taipei Institute of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan in 1958, and M.S. Degree in Physical Organic Chemistry from Kent State University in 1966 and the Ph.D. Degree in Polymer Chemistry from the Maurice Morton Institute of Polymer Science at the University of Akron in 1971. He joined the Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company in 1966 as Research Chemist. During Dr. Wang’s 21-year career with Goodyear, he worked on synthesis, characterization, and application of latexes, rubber, plastics and resins, chemical modification of natural and synthetic rubber and latex, synthesis of isoprene oligomers and metathesis of olefins. Dr. Wang joined Great Lakes in 1988 and his current research involves new flame-retardant latexes and polymers, compatibilizers, impact modifiers, polymer additives, block polymers, and UV stabilized polymers. He has published 23 papers and granted 13 U.S. patents with a number of foreign patents.     

几种杀虫剂对草坪害虫的控制效果

测定了绿僵菌、毒死蜱、辛硫磷等药剂对草坪害虫的控制效果。结果表明绿僵菌、毒死蜱和辛硫磷都是防治草坪地下害虫的有效药剂，毒死蜱和辛硫磷还能有效防治草坪茎叶害虫禾灰翅夜蛾和斜纹夜蛾等。药后45d，绿僵菌对铜绿丽金龟幼虫蛴螬的防效和对地下害虫的总防效分别为91．2％和87．6％。绿僵菌对茎叶害虫的防效较差，药后3、7、10d时，对禾灰翅夜蛾的防效分别为3．7％、9．2％和18．9％；对茎叶害虫的总防效在12．2％以下。辛硫磷和毒死蜱药后3d对禾灰翅夜蛾的防效分别是93．7％和97．6％；对茎叶害虫的总防效分别是92．0％和93．6％。当高效氯氰菊酯分别和辛硫磷、毒死蜱混用防治斜纹夜蛾时，防效更高、速效性更好。     

Studies on tocopherol derivatives: V. Intestinal absorption of several d,1-3,4-3H2-α-tocopheryl esters in the rat

Twelve d,1-3,4-3H2-alpha-tocopheryl esters were synthesized from d,1-3,4-3H2-alpha-tocopherol. They were acetate, propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate, caprylate, palmitate, acid succinate, benzoate, nicotinate, o-hydroxybenzoate, o-acetoxybenzoate, and pivalate. The hydrolysis of these esters with bile-pancreatic juice and with 9,000 x g supernatant of small intestine and liver homogenates of rats was examined. When these esters were incubated in small intestine or liver supernatants, hydrolysis occurred at a similar rate. In the incubation experiments, alpha-tocopheryl acetate, propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate, caprylate, palmitate, and acid succinate were classified as an easily hydrolyzable group. Alpha-tocopheryl benzoate and nicotinate were in a moderately hydrolyzable group. O-hydroxybenzoate and pivalate, which resisted hydrolysis, were in a scarcely hydrolyzable group. O-acetoxybenzoate was easily hydrolyzed to the o-hydroxybenzoate. Hydrolysis on straight chain fatty acid esters of alpha-tocopherol easily occurred in bile-pancreatic juice. In in vivo experiments, the lymphatic absorption rate of 6 esters, acetate, palmitate, acid succinate, nicotinate, o-hydroxybenzoate, and pivalate, was measured on thoracic duct fistula rats. Easily hydrolyzable esters were recovered mostly in lymph as alpha-tocopherol, whereas, an ester which strongly resisted hydrolysis, such as pivalate, appeared mainly unchanged. This fact suggested that hydrolysis of alpha-tocopheryl esters was not necessarily a prerequisite for intestinal absorption. The percentage of absorption of slowly hydrolyzed esters in lymph was relatively lower than that of moderately or easily hydrolyzable esters.     

Books Received

MULTICOMPONENT POLYMER SYSTEMS. Edited by I. S. Miles and S. Rostami. Longman Scientific & Technical, Essex, UK, 1992, 435pp. (UK£ 65.00).

HANDBOOK OF ADHESION. Edited by D. E. Packham. Longman Scientific & Technical, Essex, UK, 1992, 570pp. (UK£80.00).

PLASMA SURFACE MODIFICATION OF POLYMERS: Relevance to Adhesion. Edited by M. Strobel, C. S. Lyons and K. L. Mittal. VSP, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 1994, 290pp. (DM122/US$79).

ADHESION MEASUREMENT OF FILMS AND COATINGS. Edited by K. L. Mittal. VSP, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 1995, 456pp. (DM147/US$96).

CONTACT ANGLE, WETTABILITY AND ADHESION. Edited by K. L. Mittal. VSP, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 1993, 971pp. (no price given).     

Color identification data obtained from photopic to mesopic illuminance levels

To use colors properly as an aid in visual tasks, it is necessary to know how colors are identified under various illuminating environments. In this study color identification was examined under a wide range of illuminances, from photopic to mesopic levels. Fifteen subjects named a color chip using one of the preselected color terms: red, orange, yellow, yellow‐green, green, blue‐green, blue, purple, pink, brown, white, gray, and black. The 256 color chips were selected from value planes of 4, 6, and 8 of the Munsell color space. The illuminance levels tested were 1000, 10, 1, and 0.1 lx. At 1000 lx the color chips were identified consistently by each of the color terms. At 10 lx the pattern of color identification was very similar to that at 1000 lx, though the consistency of the identification evidently declined. At 1 lx great changes in color identification occurred. By 0.1 lx reliable color identification was completely lost, though blue and red responses remained. At the lower illuminances green was replaced with blue, and red, orange, and pink were frequently confused with each other. However, the border between blue and purple was almost constant. These results provide a scientific basis for the appropriate use of colors in various illuminating environments. Also, they are useful for studies in color appearance modeling. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 27, 252–259, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.10065     

Morphology of hybrid coatings based on polyester, melamine resin, and silica and the relation with hardness and scratch resistance

The morphology of hybrid coatings based on polyester, melamine resin, and various amounts of silica has been investigated, and the hardness and scratch resistance were determined. By increasing silica content, an increase of silica particles in size and number was observed. Small silica particles were preferentially present at the surface. The influence of the silica content on the K?nig hardness, indentation hardness, and elastic modulus was minor. The improved scratch resistance determined for a hybrid coating with 11.4 wt% silica, compared to a similar organic coating without silica, was attributed to small silica particles preferentially present at the surface. Presented at the 26th International Waterborne, High-Solids, and Powder Coatings Symposium, February 10–12, 1999, New Orleans, LA. Dept. of Polymer Chemistry and Coatings Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands. Materials Division, Dept. of Materials Chemistry and Coatings, P.O. Box 595, 5600 AN Eindhoven, The Netherlands.     

建筑陶瓷装饰技术的现状及发展趋势

简要介绍了建筑陶瓷领域、日用陶瓷和工艺美术陶瓷领域装饰技术的最新进展,着重介绍了引领陶瓷装饰技术发展和最新潮流的意大利、西班牙在这方面的水平和成果,他们为开放的中国从世界陶瓷大国尽快过渡到世界陶瓷强国提供了借鉴和方向。装饰技术的总体水平包括设计、装饰技法、装饰工艺、装饰材料和装饰机械装备等几大方面,其中设计是龙头,它应包括产品的图案设计、造型设计、色彩的搭配、产品的应用及展示设计等多个方面;装饰技法包括平面装饰和立体装饰、平铺和点缀、多种装饰材料的交替和组合应用等;装饰工艺包括布料(多管布料、多次布料、随机布料、微粉和干粒布料),丝网印刷(平面丝网印刷、辊筒印刷、胶辊印刷),各种施釉工艺,抛光,柔抛,釉抛和半釉抛工艺,磨边和水刀切割,拼花工艺等;装饰材料有各种色料、成釉、金属釉、干粒、印油、渗花液、喷墨印刷用耗材等;装饰机械装备包括各种装饰机械和工模具。