硬质合金及耐磨涂层：理论设计及产品开发（Ⅰ）

随着计算机技术与热力学动力学数据库的发展,把材料计算模拟和关键实验结合在一起,集成、优化、应用到硬质合金产品设计开发的全过程,通过成分–工艺–结构–性能的关联分析,能够把硬质合金及耐磨涂层的研发由传统经验或者半经验方式提升到科学的顶层/底层设计,加快研发速度,降低研发成本。本文阐述了第一性原理计算、CALPHAD方法(相图计算方法)、相场模拟和有限元模拟等计算模拟方法,论述了它们在硬质合金及耐磨涂层研发中所发挥的具体作用,从用户需要、设计制备和工业生产3个层面探讨并建立了基于集成计算材料工程进行产品开发的框架。     

梯度硬质合金及耐磨涂层的计算模拟和实验验证

建立了多组元硬质合金W-C-Co-Ti-Cr-Ta-Nb-N体系热力学及动力学基因库。利用所建立的热力学及扩散动力学基因库,模拟了WC-Ti(C,N)-TaC-Co硬质合金梯度层形成过程,计算所得各相体积分数及组元成分与实验结果相吻合。采用SEM和EDS等方法对不同N气氛下梯度烧结所获得的WC-Ti(C,N)-Co梯度硬质合金进行了合金表面组元成分分布测定,并对样品梯度层的形成进行了模拟,模拟能很好地描述实验结果。基于第一原理计算和实验对广泛应用的三元Ti-Al-N耐磨涂层体系的结构、力学、热力学性质和调幅分解曲线,以及调幅分解析出立方二元氮化物的性能进行了研究。计算结果与已有实验值符合较好,可为高性能硬质合金和多元涂层的开发设计提供理论指导。最后提出了硬质合金及耐磨涂层研发的基因框图。     

梯度硬质合金梯度层形成的计算机模拟及验证

建立了多组元梯度硬质合金W-C-Co-Ti-Ta-Nb-N体系的热力学和扩散动力学数据库,采用Thermo-Calc相图热力学计算软件描述了梯度烧结过程中出现的各相及其成分,并采用DICTRA扩散动力学软件对WC-Ti(C,N)-Co,WC-Ti(C,N)-TaC-Co和WC-Ti(C,N)-NbC-Co合金梯度层的各相体积分数及各组元成分随距离的分布进行了计算机模拟,模拟结果与实验结果吻合良好.在热力学和扩散动力学数据库基础上制备了WC-(Ti,W)C-Ti(C,N)-(Ta,Nb)C-Co合金,采用SEM观察梯度层的显微结构,利用EDS分析合金组元分布,并对合金梯度层的形成进行了计算模拟,模拟结果与实验结果吻合良好.     

硬质合金及耐磨涂层：理论设计及产品开发(Ⅱ)

本文阐述了集成计算材料工程在梯度硬质合金、超细硬质合金、金属间化合物硬质合金、Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷四类多元硬质合金中的应用。借助热力学计算缩小硬质合金的成分范围,以实现有利相的析出或不利相的抑制。通过热力学计算和动力学模拟调整烧结温度、时间等工艺参数,以实现功能结构的定制或缺陷组织的规避。这四个研发案例的主要特点在于有效结合计算模拟及关键实验以优化硬质合金的成分-工艺设计,准确描述各合金制备过程中的烧结行为及冶金反应,从而实现其微观结构的精准调控,为相关牌号综合性能的显著提升奠定理论基础。     

梯度硬质合金梯度层形成过程模拟分析

以梯度硬质合金W-C-Co-Ti-Ta-Nb-N体系为研究对象,分别建立了动力学和热力学数据库,通过计算机模拟分析了梯度层形成过程中相体积分数与合金组元成分分布,并与文献实验结果进行了对比。结果表明,模拟结果和实验结果基本吻合。     

梯度硬质合金梯度层形成的计算机模拟及验证

结合相图热力学计算,使用DICTRA软件计算模拟Co-W-Ti-C-N、Co-W-Ti-Nb-C-N和Co-W-Ti-Ta-C-N体系梯度硬质合金梯度层形成过程,对比计算模拟和实测的梯度硬质合金中Co含量的距离变化曲线。通过分析各相体积分数及组元成分随距离的分布研究烧结时间、烧结温度、Co含量和Ti含量对梯度层厚度的影响。结果表明:计算模拟与实验数据吻合较好。延长烧结时间、升高烧结温度和增加Co含量均会促进梯度层厚度的增加,而增加Ti含量则会抑制梯度层厚度的增加。     

梯度硬质合金梯度层形成过程模拟分析

以梯度硬质合金W-C-Co-Ti-Ta-Nb-N体系为研究对象,分别建立了动力学和热力学数据库,通过计算机模拟分析了梯度层形成过程中相体积分数与合金组元成分分布,并与文献实验结果进行了对比。结果表明,模拟结果和实验结果基本吻合。     

基于热力学和动力学协同的析出相模拟

析出强化是提升金属材料力学性能的重要手段,研究其涉及的析出相形成过程及机理对于理性控制强化效果,意义重大。本文立足于对相变热力学和动力学协同变化的处理,简要综述了基于CALPHAD计算热力学的介观尺度析出相模拟方法(包括DICTRA模拟、Kampmann-Wagner数值模型、Svoboda-Fischer-Fratzl-Kozeschnik模型、扩散场胞法)和从第一性原理计算出发的多尺度方法(包括相场法和基于Fokker-Planck方程的多尺度组织模拟)。基于此,对金属材料热处理过程中析出相形成机理模拟研究的现状与发展前景做了探讨。     

基于CALPHAD的高温高压相图建模

高温高压相图在物理化学、矿物学、地球科学和极端条件下的材料科学中都具有重要的地位和应用价值，相图计算方法(alculation of phase diagram, CALPHAD)是建立温度-压强热力学相图和热力学数据库的主要方法，可以计算材料体系的相平衡、组成相的相分数和相成分、热力学性质，一定程度上解决单一实验建立高温高压相图的困难。本文对基于CALPHAD的高温高压相图建模方法进行了详细介绍，并总结其当前面临的问题和下一步研究方向，为极端条件下材料设计和性能评估奠定基础。     

基于高通量热力学计算的SA508-3钢材料优化

核电压力容器作为核电站的重要部件,服役时面临高温、高压、腐蚀介质以及中子辐照等恶劣条件,需要很高的综合性能。为了提高其服役安全性及使用寿命,需要对核电压力容器材料进行优化。传统"试错法"研发周期长,研发投入大,难以符合迫切的研发要求。此次研究引入高通量计算方法,利用CALPHAD方法通过热力学计算研究SA508-3钢成分的优化。在研究过程中,利用Thermo-Calc软件计算相图,采用JMatPro进行冷却转变曲线的计算。结果表明,此方法实现了SA508-3钢的材料优化,可用于热力学角度材料优化。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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