LF炉精炼AISI410不锈钢吹氮合金化研究

研究了40 t LF炉精炼AISI410不锈钢时,在常压下吹氮气增氮工艺(吹氮流量、吹氮时间及钢液温度)对AISI410不锈钢氮含量的影响,建立了AISI410不锈钢氮溶解度热力学计算模型。结果表明:钢中氮含量随着吹氮时间、氮气流量的增加而增大;常压下吹氮10 min,钢液含氮量可达到0.05%;随着氮流量增加钢液达到饱和的时间缩短,氮的溶解度随着钢液温度的降低而升高。应用热力学模型进行了分析,不同吹氮条件下氮溶解度实测值与热力学模型计算值较吻合。为LF炉精炼含氮不锈钢控制氮含量提供了理论依据。     

AOD炉冶炼含氮不锈钢氮合金化工艺开发

介绍了AOD炉运用氮气在不锈钢中溶解与脱除理论所开发的氮合金化工艺。在40tAOD炉上冶炼0Cr19Ni9N,0Cr19Ni9NbN,1Cr17Mn6Ni5N,00Cr18Ni5Mo3Si2（N）,00Cr22Ni5Mo3N等舍氮不锈钢钢种。不需在线分析钢中氮含量，较为准确地预测与控制钢中氮溶解度值及舍氮不锈钢成品的氮含量。     

含氮不锈钢生产工艺研究

对含氮不锈钢的AOD炉冶炼工艺难点和高温热塑性进行了研究,得出含氮不锈钢用AOD炉冶炼完全采用氮气进行氮元素合金化工艺是可行的,用模型预测钢中氮含量,不经在线分析钢中氮含量,精度可达到±0.015%;含氮不锈钢的高温热塑性主要受热加工温度、钢中硫含量、氮含量等因素影响.     

高氮Fe-Cr-Mn-Ni系奥氏体不锈钢的加压感应熔炼

采用MgO坩埚高频真空感应炉在氮气压力0.45~1.0MPa、温度1640~1700℃下,对加压感应熔炼高氮Fe-Cr-Mn-Ni系奥氏体不锈钢进行了实验研究。结果表明,1913K、1.0MPa氮气氛中Cr12、Cr17Mn5Ni5、Cr19Mn15和Cr20Mn8不锈钢中氮的溶解度分别为0.391%、0.692%、1.120%和0.899%,氮在液态不锈钢中的溶解与Sievert定律有所偏离;氧浓度在350×10^-6内,1913K、1.0MPa氮气氛中Cr20Mn8钢液的吸氮反应仍为一级反应,其传质系数为0.023cm·s^-1;随钢中氧浓度的增加,液态钢的吸氮速率和钢液中的平衡氮含量显著降低。     

奥氏体不锈钢中氮溶解度的热力学计算和实验研究

采用热力学分析方法,对固态不锈钢304、304L、301S和301L(γ-相)以及奥氏体不锈钢熔体中氮溶解度进行了计算,得出了氮溶解度的计算模型;同时通过1 kg MoSi电阻炉对4种奥氏体不锈钢在1520～1580℃和33～100 kPa压力下的渗氮行为进行了实验研究。结果表明,氮在固态奥氏体不锈钢的γ-相中的溶解度最高;在常压冷却、凝固过程中存在的液相、δ-相至γ-相的转变;当不锈钢熔体中相对于δ-相过饱和的氮在钢中以气泡形式析出,则降低了奥氏体钢的氮含量,所以采用常压快速冷却或加压浇注有利于冶炼高氮奥氏体不锈钢。     

30 t VOD精炼含氮不锈钢底吹氮气合金化的生产实践

依据30 t VOD生产数据,在初始[C]0.50%~0.60%,初始[Si]0.12%~0.20%,初始钢水温度1 640~1 650℃,氩和氮气压分别为0.8×10⁶~1.0×10⁶ Pa和1.5×10⁶~1.6×10⁶Pa的条件下,对比底吹氩气和底吹氮气两种工艺在入VOD初始、吹氧脱碳以及还原脱气后的不锈钢（0.04%~0.06%N）中氮含量。结果表明,VOD底吹氮气精炼后Cr13型和Cr17型两类不锈钢的钢液氮含量为260×10^-6和300×10^-6,其氮合金化效果显著;常压下氮气搅拌Cr13型和Cr17型不锈钢钢液的平均增氮速率为40×10^-6/min和45×10^-6/min;钢液温度升高,增氮速率增加,通过降低VOD精炼不锈钢的钢液氧含量,能够提高底吹氮气的氮合金化效果。     

含氮双相不锈钢及其冶金工艺

铁素体-奥氏体双相不锈钢比奥氏体不锈钢有较高的机械性能、优良的耐应力腐蚀和点腐蚀性能以及较低的价格(Ni含量低),特别是通过降低钢中的碳含量和增加氮含量而改善了钢的可焊性。双相钢中含较高的氮含量有两个有利的因素:抑制δ-铁素体的形成和提高抗点蚀当量。介绍了4种不同类型的含氮双相不锈钢和常用双相不锈钢的牌号和化学成分、双相不锈钢5种冶金工艺、太钢双相不锈钢的生产、高氮双相不锈钢的形变热处理以及双相不锈钢的研究和发展趋势。     

AOD冶炼不锈钢氮合金化控制模型的研究和应用

根据氮在钢中的溶解热力学和脱除动力学理论,建立了AOD精炼氮合金化的控制模型。经45 t AOD装置精炼0Cr19Ni9N不锈钢(%:≤0.08C、18～20Cr、8～11Ni、0.10～0.16N)的应用结果表明,模型计算值与实测值吻合良好,可通过AOD氮气溶解和氩气脱除,精确控制不锈钢的N含量。     

Mn18Cr18N高氮奥氏体不锈钢的冶炼工艺

为了研究Mn18Cr18N高氮奥氏体不锈钢的冶炼工艺,采用加压感应炉+保护气氛电渣重熔工艺进行Mn18Cr18N高氮奥氏体不锈钢的冶炼工艺试验,冶炼过程中采用氮化合金与加压氮气渗入相结合的方法增氮。结果表明,随着氮气分压的增加,钢中氮质量分数随之增大;当冶炼过程中氮气分压提高0.03 MPa时,能够成功抑制皮下气泡的生产;试验钢经保护气氛电渣重熔后,钢中夹杂物会普遍降低,主要为细小的方形TiN夹杂。     

不锈钢冶炼及凝固过程氮的控制

总结了氮在不锈钢中有害和有利正反两方面的作用。通过热力学计算和实测数据分析了温度和氮分压对不锈钢熔体中氮溶解度的影响,理论分析了不锈钢熔体吸氮和脱氮的动力学,指出了真空和高压分别是生产超低氮和高氮钢的主要方法。结合以往的研究成果和生产实践提出了生产超低氮铁素体不锈钢和高氮不锈钢的具体工艺技术措施。     

Development and application of nitrogen-alloyed austenitic stainless steels in Baosteel

In recent years,nitrogen-alloyed stainless steels have been a research hotspot in the field of stainless steel product and technology. Nitrogen-alloyed austenitic stainless steels developed by Baosteel and their applications are introduced. These steels are nitrogen-controlled products 304 N and 316 LN,nitrogen containing economical products BN series and high-nitrogen stainless steel( HNS) series. The results show that the presence of nitrogen can significantly improve the strength and corrosion resistance of steel produced. By nitrogen alloying,economical austenitic stainless steels w ith considerably less nickel than 304 can be obtained; the corrosion resistances of these steels are almost the same as 304. Furthermore,by a scientific approach of nitrogen alloying,high-nitrogen steel of0. 8% nitrogen content is fabricated under the non-pressurized conditions,and the pitting potential of this steel is 1. 0 V. At present,nitrogen-alloyed steels developed by Baosteel are w idely utilized in the manufacture of cryogenic storage containers,transportation containers,and many household w ares.     

The Nitrogen Solubility in Molten Stainless Steel

Nitrogen solubility in the austenitic stainless steel melts was measured in the laboratory by bubbling nitrogen gas under different partial pressures of nitrogen and temperatures. A new thermodynamic model for the calculation of nitrogen solubility in molten stainless steel in a wide range of alloy concentrations, temperatures, and pressures has been successfully established by introducing a new term for the effect of pressure on the nitrogen activity coefficient. The calculation results were in good agreement with the measured values. The influences of temperature, nitrogen partial pressure and chemical composition on the nitrogen solubility in molten stainless steel are discussed based on the calculated results. It is possible to produce high nitrogen steels at normal pressure by optimizing the design of the alloy composition and controlling the lowest melting temperature from a thermodynamic point of view.     

Low Carbon High Nitrogen Low Nickel Stainless Steel

This article aims to investigate the effect of soluble and insoluble nitrogen on mechanical properties of stainless steels. Reference steel contains about 14.42%Ni and 0.012%N. Two developed steels have the same base chemical composition of the reference steel except Ni and N contents. One of the developed steels has 6.54%Ni and 0.232%N and the other has 0.452%N and nearly nickel free (0.089%Ni). The produced steels were forged, heat‐treated, and tempered. The microstructure of steels was mainly austenite, and grain size decreases as nitrogen content – especially nitrides‐increases. Yield and ultimate tensile strength of reference steel are less than that of steels containing nitrogen. Strengthening mechanisms contribution to the strength of both soluble and insoluble nitrogen had been analyzed.     

超级高氮奥氏体不锈钢的耐腐蚀性能及氮的影响

用电化学测试、化学浸泡等方法研究了超级奥氏体不锈钢00Cr24Ni22Mo7Mn3CuN(654SMO)的耐点腐蚀和耐缝隙腐蚀的性能。通过改变氮含量,研究了氮对奥氏体不锈钢的耐点腐蚀和耐缝隙腐蚀性能的影响,结果表明,氮和适量的铬、钼结合,能显提高奥氏体不锈钢的耐点腐蚀和缝隙腐蚀的能力,并且随着氮含量的增国,砥体不锈钢的耐点腐蚀和耐缝隙腐蚀的能力也增强,对比实验表明,超级奥氏体不锈钢在耐点腐蚀,缝隙腐蚀等局部腐蚀性能方面可以和镍基合金C－276媲美,甚至优于镍基合金。     

粉末冶金高氮不锈钢的研究与发展现状

本文介绍了高氮不锈钢的优点及制造方法,总结了粉末冶金高氮不锈钢的制粉及成形方法.介绍了粉末冶金高氮不锈钢的应用领域及前景.     

高氮奥氏体钢的韧脆转变与层错能的关系

在-60℃至室温范围内,采用夏比冲击试验测定材料的韧-脆转变温度,并通过对冲击断口的X-射线测试层错能等方法,对几种不同含氮量奥氏体不锈钢在低温下发生韧-脆转变的现象进行了研究。结果表明：在超高氮奥氏体钢中,随氮质量分数的增加该钢种发生韧-脆转变的温度上升,层错能减少,韧性越来越差。     

低镍不锈钢生产中的若干冶金学问题

高氮低镍不锈钢具有良好的强度、延展性及耐腐蚀性能，且可以降低晶界的腐蚀敏感性。同时，以低成本的氮代替昂贵的镍可以降低生产成本。简要回顾了我国及世界不锈钢产业的发展历程，分析了低镍不锈钢中氮的作用及不锈钢中加氮工艺等一系列问题，并对不锈钢生产中存在的若干冶金学问题进行了总结。     

Development of nitrogen-alloyed stainless steel sheet products in Baosteel

Nitrogen plays a vitally important role for improving properties for stainless steels in many aspects.In this paper,the physical metallurgy behavior and the beneficial effects of nitrogen on corrosion resistance and other mechanical properties of stainless steels were summarised.Based on nitrogen alloying,various stainless steel products,such as austenitic,duplex and martensitic staniless steels were developed with enhanced properties,such as corrosion resistance,mechanical strength and weldability,among other things.     

真空感应炉近常压气氛保护熔炼高氮马氏体不锈钢

研究了在真空感应炉近常压气氛保护熔炼条件下氮在马氏体不锈钢0Cr16Ni5Mo中的溶解度,探讨了炉内保护气体种类、氮化铬铁加入量对钢中氮含量的影响.结果表明,炉内保护气体种类对钢中氮的溶解度有较大影响,氮化铬铁合金加入量对钢氮含量的影响因保护气体种类不同而异.