低变催化剂结盐的原因及处理

黑龙江黑化集团有限公司硝酸铵厂CO变换系统采用加压中低温变换串联工艺流程，低变炉采用LB204型铜锌铝型低变催化剂，装填量为48t，分2层装填，操作压力在1．25～1．7MPa。2003年以来，公司对净化系统的部分装置进行了改造，改造后原料气量大幅度提高，但由于低变炉催化剂结盐造成阻力升高，使生产能力降低，严重影响装置正常运行。为此，对低变炉催化剂结盐的原因进行了分析，并采取相应措施，取得了满意的效果。     

C207型甲醇合成催化剂使用小结

我公司联醇装置设计生产能力为20kt／a，装置串联于铜洗前，合成塔为均温型1M甲醇塔，操作压力12．0～14．0MPa。采用南京化学工业公司生产的C207型甲醇催化剂，于2003年5月投入生产，2005年1月退出，更换新一炉催化剂。现将C207型催化剂在我公司甲醇合成塔上的使用情况作一简要小结。     

高中油型3974加氢裂化催化剂工业生产及工业应用

新的燃料油标准对汽、柴油提出了更严格的要求，一次加工手段和FCC工艺已经不能满足市场对清洁燃料的质量要求．操作灵活、多产优质中间馏分油的高中油型加氢裂化催化剂越来越受到炼厂的欢迎．针对社会形势和市场需求，抚顺石油化工研究院于90年代后期开发了新一代高中油型加氢裂化催化剂，工业牌号为3974．该剂是一种以W、Ni为加氢组分的沸石型加氢裂化催化剂．1999年和2000年。3974催化剂在镇海和茂名加氢裂化装置上的工业应用获得成功．工业应用结果表明：3974催化剂对原料适应性强。中油选择性高，活性好．3974催化剂使镇海加氢裂化装置的总处理能力提高了25％，而高转化率下的中油选择性仍高达70．21％。氢耗较低。经济效益显著．该催化剂达到了国际先进水平．     

FPC-2LD型氧氯化催化剂应用试验研究（续一）

本文是对日本“触媒化成”的NC-1000型催化剂和AKZO的FPC-2LD型催化剂及两者掺混的催化剂性能在小试流化床装置上进行考评．找出最佳工艺条件，为生产装置上采用掺混催化剂提供科学依据。     

球形高效催化剂在间歇式聚丙烯装置的应用

介绍了DQ Ⅱ型球形高效催化剂在间歇式液相本体法聚丙烯装置上应用情况，从聚合反应特性、催化剂活性和产品质量等方面进行了讨论，并与非球型高效催化剂进行了对比。结果表明，DQ Ⅱ型催化剂在间歇式聚丙烯装置上具有可靠的适用性，该催化剂活性高，氢调敏感性及操作性能好。聚丙烯产品为直径1～5 mm的球形颗粒，质量优良。     

NCA－2型焦炉煤气净化分解催化剂

ＮＣＡ－２型焦炉煤气净化分解催化剂南北（集团）公司催化剂厂开发成功了ＮＣＡ－２型焦炉煤气净化分解催化剂。在石家庄焦化厂新装置上一年多的运行表明，该催化剂性能优于进口催化剂。由于该催化剂性能好，价格低，已被冶金系统确定为设计指定产品，以取代进口产品．目...     

CS-1-G型催化剂在Unipol工艺气相聚丙烯装置上的工业应用

采用国产CS-1-G型催化剂在200 kt/a的Unipol工艺气相聚丙烯装置上进行工业试生产,生产拉丝级聚丙烯,考察了CS-1-G型催化剂在该装置上使用的可行性。结果表明:CS-1-G型催化剂在Unipol工艺气相聚丙烯装置上具有较强的适应性,整个试用过程装置安全平稳运行,并且产品质量合格,全部为优级品。     

JK-1型催化剂在乙烯淤浆聚合工艺上的应用

研究了JK-1型催化剂在乙烯聚合中的工业应用情况,考察了使用JK-1型催化剂进行乙烯聚合过程中温度的变化,以及分别使用JK-1型催化剂和对比催化剂(简称催化剂A)生产的高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)的物理和力学性能。结果表明:工业装置上使用JK-1型催化剂时,全线生产过程平稳,装置工艺参数容易调整;JK-1型催化剂的氢调敏感性较好,活性比催化剂A提高30%;用JK-1型催化剂生产的HDPE 5000S粉末的堆密度高,密度稳定性较好,灰分明显小于用催化剂A生产的5000S,仅0.006%;用JK-1型催化剂制备的5000S达到了优级品的标准。     

脱氮氧化物催化剂通过中国石油化工股份有限公司鉴定

由南化集团研究院研制开发的NDN-1型氮氧化物脱除催化剂，近日通过中国石油化工股份有限公司组织的成果鉴定。 工业应用结果表明，NDN-1型氮氧化物脱除催化剂在硝酸尾气处理装置上使用，降低了操作温度和运行阻力，节省了治理费用。     

第三代长链烷烃脱氢催化剂增产降耗

中科院大连化学物理研究所近日宣布，采用第三代长链烷烃脱氢催化剂——DF-3型脱氢催化剂的工业装置在连续运行90天后，于上周末通过验收考核。在考核期内，DF-3催化剂日增产烷基苯3．35％、驱油用烷基苯8．38％，寿命延长14天，催化剂单耗同比下降21．2％，增产降耗效果显著。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。