剥离型酚醛树脂/蒙脱土纳米复合材料研究

用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)对蒙脱土进行了有机化处理,使蒙脱土由亲水性变成亲油性。采用XRD、FTIR及TEM研究了有机蒙脱土及其在酚醛树脂中的剥离行为,制备了酚醛树脂/蒙脱土纳米复合材料并测试了其层间剪切性能和烧蚀性能。实验结果表明,经CTAB处理的蒙脱土与酚醛树脂具有良好的相容性,且CTAB的含量较多时所制得的有机蒙脱土的结构较好,根据Bragg方程计算,CTAB用量超过蒙脱土量50%时,蒙脱土的片层间距由原来的1.48 nm增加到2.33 nm;有机蒙脱土用量小于5%时生成完全剥离型酚醛树脂/蒙脱土纳米复合材料;与碳布增强酚醛树脂复合材料相比,碳布增强酚醛树脂/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的力学性能和烧蚀性能均有一定的提高和改善,层间剪切强度随蒙脱土含量的增多而增大,蒙脱土用量为15%时,层间剪切强度提高了27.1%,线烧蚀率在用量为3%时降低了48.5%,质量烧蚀率变化不明显。     

蒙脱土改性炭布／酚醛树脂纳米复合材料研究

利用有机蒙脱土改性酚醛树脂,采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)和x-射线衍射(XRD)研究蒙脱土在酚醛树脂中的剥离行为,制备蒙脱土改性炭布/酚醛树脂纳米复合材料并测试其热解性能、力学性能和烧蚀性能.实验结果表明,酚醛树脂与蒙脱土的相容性好,蒙脱土在酚醛树脂中完全剥离,蒙脱土改性发布/酚醛树脂纳米复合材料的各项性能与纯炭布/酚醛树脂复合材料相比有不同程度的提高和改善.     

水溶性酚醛树脂的蒙脱土纳米插层复合改性

合成了低摩尔质量水溶性酚醛树脂（PF），再与有机蒙脱土（OMMT）复合，并分析了PF／MMT复合材料的结构和性能。结果表明：水溶性低摩尔质量酚醛树脂与有机蒙脱土相容性良好，得到部分插层部分剥离型PF／MMT纳米复合材料（PMNC）；PMNC的醚键减少，--OH增多，蒙脱土与酚醛树脂分子很可能通过氧原子产生了较强联接；与常规陬俐MT复合材料相比，PMNC的热分解特性改变，耐热性更好，表现出一定纳米效应。     

NR/有机蒙脱土/GMA纳米复合材料的制备与性能研究

采用胶乳接枝插层法制备NR／有机蒙脱土／甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)纳米复合材料，并对其性能进行研究。结果表明，在NR胶乳与有机蒙脱土体系中加入GMA，并使之原位聚合，同时实现对NR的接枝和对有机蒙脱土的插层并与有机蒙脱土层间的基团产生化学结合，可以制备NR／有机蒙脱土／GMA纳米复合材料；采用胶乳接枝插层法制备的NR／有机蒙脱土／GMA纳米复合材料的物理性能和耐热氧老化性能优异，动态力学性能良好，热稳定性与NR胶料相差不大。     

插层聚合制备环氧树脂/蒙脱土灌封材料的研究

采用阳离子交换的方法对蒙脱土进行了有机化处理，使蒙脱土由亲水性变成亲油性，并且使其层间距由原来的1．2m扩大到2．2nm。采用X射线衍射仪研究了有机蒙脱土在环氧树脂中的剥离行为。制备了环氧树脂／蒙脱土灌封材料并测试了其性能。试验结果表明，环氧树脂与有机蒙脱土的相容性好，蒙脱土在环氧树脂中完全剥离；环氧树脂／蒙脱土灌封材料的电学性能、力学性能、热性能以及吸水率与纯环氧树脂固化物相比均有不同程度的提高和改善。     

有机插层剂对聚酰胺6／MMT纳米复合材料制备的影响研究

以烷基胺、季铵盐和氨基酸作为有机插层剂与蒙脱土片层进行阳离子交换，制备出层间距不同的有机蒙脱土。采用熔融插层法和原位聚合法分别制备聚酰胺（R％）／蒙脱土（MMT）纳米复合材料，并利用XRD、FT-IR、TEM对有机蒙脱土及纳米复合材料进行结构表征。研究结果表明：用烷基胺、季铵盐和氨基酸有机插层剂改性的蒙脱土层间距由原来的1．25nm分别增大到3．21nm、3．99nm和1．82m；季铵盐有机插层剂更适用于熔融插层法制备PA6／MMT纳米复合材料，而氨基酸有机插层剂更适用于原位聚合法制备PA6／MMT纳米复合材料。     

PVC-U/蒙脱土纳米复合管材的研制

以蒙脱土为主要原料，通过适宜的有机物插层剂对其改性研制了有机蒙脱土。利用聚氯乙烯(PVC)的亲油性，运用插层技术将PVC熔体插入有机蒙脱土层间，使蒙脱土片层剥离并以纳米尺寸分散在PVC相中。用上述技术研制了PVC—U／蒙脱土纳米复合管材，管材的性能达到国标规定的指标。采用红外光谱对蒙脱土结构进行了表征，用热重分析仪考察了复合材料的热性能。     

环氧树脂／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备与剥离机理研究进展

阐述了蒙脱土的性质及其在基体树脂中的剥离机理、环氧树脂／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备方法。原位插层复合法是制备环氧树脂／蒙脱土纳米复合材料最常用的方法；有机改性剂、固化剂及固化条件会对蒙脱土在环氧树脂中的剥离与插层行为产生影响；环氧单体聚合过程中产生的弹性力是使蒙脱土片层发生剥离的主要原因。重点介绍了近几年来制备高度剥离型纳米复合材料的方法和工艺，指出蒙脱土在复合材料中的完全均匀剥离仍然是现阶段有待解决的关键问题。     

氢化丁腈橡胶/有机蒙脱土纳米复合材料的结构与性能

采用机械混炼法制备氢化丁腈橡胶／有机蒙脱土纳米复合材料，并对复合材料的微观结构及性能进行了研究。透射电镜和X衍射结果显示，制得一种剥离型纳米复合材料；与纯氢化丁腈硫化橡胶相比，氢化丁腈橡胶／有机蒙脱土纳米复合材料具有优良的力学性能，并且随蒙脱土含量的增加而提高；TGA结果显示，氢化丁腈橡胶／有机蒙脱土纳米复合材料的热稳定性能提高。     

聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备与表征

利用固相剪切法使蒙脱土片层完全剥离,制备聚丙烯/蒙脱土(PP/MMT)纳米复合材料,通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜、力学性能的实验得出：用水做为膨胀剂可使蒙脱土的层间距胀大,有利于PP分子的插层和蒙脱土的剥离;固相剪切法和熔融过程使蒙脱土完全地层状剥离,均匀纳米级分散在聚丙烯基体中,沿流动方向取向; PP与用水处理过的有机改性蒙脱土复合材料的冲击强度由5.68 kJ/m2提高到了8.2 kJ/m2,大量提升了材料的冲击性。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

基于ATRP法制备的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂的吸硼性能的研究

以大分子引发剂氯乙酰化聚苯乙烯微球(PS-acyl-Cl)经原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)法引发丙烯酰胺(AM)和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)单体的共聚接枝,制得一种触角状亲水性环氧载体(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)),再经二乙醇胺(DEA)的环氧基开环胺化反应,得到一种含多个-NCH2CH2OH螯合配基的多齿-五元螯合环的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA)。将此树脂用于硼吸附研究,结果表明,PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA树脂对硼的吸附满足Langmuir方程,为单分子层吸附;饱和吸附量约为37.7 mg·g-1,且树脂5 min即可达到吸附平衡,与其它已报道的吸硼树脂相比,该树脂具有更高的吸附量和吸硼速率。吸附动力学研究表明,树脂吸附硼的过程主要由颗粒扩散过程控制。重复使用5次后该树脂的吸附量基本不变,解吸率均在90%以上,重复使用性能良好。