云环境中层次化的轻量级访问控制方案

属性基加密能够实现密文数据的细粒度访问控制,有效地解决云环境中的数据共享问题。针对计算能力受限设备难以高效地完成属性基加密过程中大量计算的问题,提出一种云环境中层次化的轻量级访问控制方案。该方案通过引入虚拟属性和双密钥将大部分耗时的加解密计算安全地转移至云服务器,并对访问结构进行优化。数据分享者对访问结构具有层次关系的多份数据只需加密一次,同时数据请求者可以根据其属性解密部分或全部密文。安全性分析和性能评估表明该方案能够实现云环境中高效和细粒度的密文数据访问控制,使得用户端计算开销显著降低,且在整个执行过程中不会造成数据泄露。     

云环境下支持多授权机构的医疗数据安全共享方案

在当前的云环境下,医疗数据存储的研究中存在着隐私信息外泄,机构之间数据共享效率较低等问题。因此,针对云环境下电子医疗数据的安全共享需求,提出了一种支持多属性机构的基于属性的密文策略加密方案,实现了加密医疗数据的细粒度访问控制。通过在加密阶段引入离线计算和在解密阶段引入外包计算,所提方案显著降低了加解密延时,提高了医疗数据访问控制的效率。安全性分析和性能分析表明所提方案满足可重放适应性选择密文攻击安全性,且在性能上优于已有的方案,提高了云环境下医疗数据共享的安全性和效率。     

云存储环境下支持策略变更的CP-ABE方案

近年来,CP-ABE作为适用于云存储环境的访问控制机制,成为研究热点。由于现有的基于CP-ABE的访问控制方案在云存储环境下不支持系统属性灵活变更,利用云存储服务提供者的存储及计算资源优势,基于AB-ACER方案提出了支持系统属性灵活撤销及恢复的云存储访问控制方案。该方案通过引入虚拟属性来支持云存储环境下访问策略属性的撤销及恢复,且仅由存储服务提供者进行少量的重加密计算。安全及性能分析表明,该方案不仅支持数据属主访问策略的灵活变更,还保持了原有方案的安全性及细粒度访问控制,同时大大降低了数据属主的计算开销。     

一种基于XACML的混合云跨域资源访问控制方案

混合云计算环境下,服务资源组合灵活、迁移频繁,资源之间的访问授权不易建立与维护。采用传统的访问控制机制对跨域资源进行授权,存在性能瓶颈与共谋攻击等问题。在研究混合云架构的基础上,提出一种基于XACML属性协商机制的混合云跨域资源访问控制方案。采用XACML架构作为跨域资源间授权访问模型,为细粒度的资源授权访问提供支持。在该模型基础上,通过属性协商策略推理引擎对协商属性进行扩展,提高协商效率。采用树状结构的XML语言描述协商策略,便于进行属性授权推理。针对协商推理过程中产生的属性暴露树结构,设计协商策略剪枝算法。最后,通过实验验证方案的可行性和高效性。     

基于区块链的属性基多关键词排序搜索方案

对云数据进行访问控制能够限制非法访问、提高数据隐私安全,属性基可搜索加密是实现数据细粒度访问控制的关键技术之一。针对云数据访问中单一授权性能瓶颈、搜索功能局限等问题,提出一种基于区块链的属性基多关键词排序搜索方案。该方案采用多授权机制降低了系统计算负担,同时将属性基可搜索加密技术与区块链技术相结合,实现了云数据的细粒度访问控制与公平搜索;此外,引入向量空间模型和TF-IDF加权技术实现了多关键词搜索结果排序,提高了搜索效率。安全性分析、性能分析表明,该方案能够抵抗选择明文攻击和关键词猜测攻击,并具备较低的通信和计算开销。     

基于角色和规则引擎的UCON应用模型

UCON是一种基于属性的下一代访问控制模型,但其高度抽象,难于直接应用,为此提出了一种基于角色和规则引擎的UCON应用模型UCON-ABRR.该模型通过引入角色这一属性,便于实现基于角色的用户管理;并基于规则引擎来制定访问规则和实施访问控制策略,不仅支持UCON的两个重要特征:属性易变性和决策过程连续性,而且具有很好的可操作性.该模型具有通用性,将其应用于云存储场景中,达到了预期的访问控制效果.     

遥感影像数据云存储平台的安全防护机制研究

针对基于Hadoop的遥感影像数据云存储平台存在的认证机制不完善、访问控制过于简单等安全问题,采用Kerberos认证结合令牌认证的身份认证机制,提出了基于用户属性与遥感影像数据属性的多维细粒度访问控制策略,达到了完善平台认证机制和增强平台访问控制的目的.实验结果证明,提出的身份认证机制和访问控制策略能有效增强遥感影像数据云存储平台的安全防护能力,且对平台性能影响很小.     

云计算环境下基于属性和信任的RBAC模型研究

基于角色的访问控制（Role-Based Access Control,RBAC）是一种经典的访问控制模型,其将用户与权限通过角色关联起来,使得访问控制更加灵活并易于管理。然而,在云计算环境中,RBAC会出现用户权限滥用和访问控制粒度较粗等安全问题。为解决以上问题,提出一种基于属性（Attribute）和信任（Trust）的RBAC模型,即ATRBAC。ATRBAC采用基于密文策略属性基加密（CP-ABE）的思想和信任评估的方法,一方面,为用户授予一个包含信任值属性的属性集合,另一方面,为角色嵌入一种包含信任阈值的访问结构。只有当用户属性集合匹配角色访问结构时,用户才可以获得角色及对应的权限。实验结果表明,ATRBAC模型能够实现动态授权、权限自动化授予以及更细粒度的访问控制,增强了云环境下数据资源的安全性。     

基于区块链的多关键字细粒度可搜索加密方案

密文策略下基于属性的关键字搜索(CP-ABKS)技术可以对加密的数据实现细粒度控制和检索。现有CP-ABKS方案较少考虑云服务器的恶意行为和搜索过程的公平支付,且通常只支持单关键字密文检索。对此,文章提出基于区块链的多关键字细粒度可搜索加密方案。利用密文策略下基于属性的加密技术满足多用户检索,实现了细粒度访问控制和访问策略隐藏。结合区块链技术避免了恶意云服务器对索引的篡改,使用智能合约保障了用户和数据拥有者之间的公平支付。此外,文章方案还实现了多关键字检索,且无需第三方验证实体就可以保证用户得到正确的检索结果。安全性分析表明文中方案能够保证关键字和访问策略的不可区分性,并通过性能评估验证了该方案在保证效率的同时具有更优的功能。     

基于多机构属性加密的云数据确定性删除方案

云存储服务的使用越来越普遍,但是将大量数据存储在第三方云服务器中,给用户带来便利的同时也提出了更高的安全要求。由于云存储服务是半可信的,使得如何确定性删除云存储数据成为需要解决的问题。目前,云存储数据的确定性删除的相关研究大多基于单机构管理属性的属性基加密,该类方案虽然满足云数据的细粒度访问控制,但容易引起单点故障等问题。因此,提出一种基于多机构属性基加密的云存储数据确定性删除方案。将多机构属性基加密应用于该方案,不仅支持有多个机构管理属性时对云存储数据的安全删除,并实现了云数据的细粒度访问。此外,该方案通过利用策略隐藏保护存储在云服务器中的访问策略的隐私。最后,通过撤销属性改变密文实现云数据删除,并通过区块链存储删除证明实现删除结果公开可验证和责任可追溯。实验仿真和对比分析表明,该方案在云存储数据删除方面具有较高的安全性,为云储存数据的删除提供一种实用方案。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.