基于小波包分析的图像边缘检测

通常,图像的边缘为频率域的高频分量。小波分析是一种信号的时间-频率分析方法,而小波包分析是在小波分析的理论基础上,将信号的高频成分分开且可对高频成分继续分解,为信号提供更加精细的分析方法。该文采用基于共轭正交滤波器的小波包分解算法对图像进行边缘检测,实验表明,这种方法能够清晰地检测出图像的边缘。     

基于小波与小波包的变速器故障特征提取

本文结合自适应小波变换滤波去噪方法与小渡阈值去噪方法,提出了一种可用于变速器故障振动信号去噪的双层滤波去噪算法.该算法的滤波过程分为两层,第一层滤波采用自适应小波变换滤波算法;第二层滤波采用经典的小波阈值去噪算法对信号进行二次去噪.最后,将去噪后的故障信号采用小波包进行了分解,并提取了小波包频带能量作为故障特征向量.     

一种基于正交小波包分解和2v-SVM的医学图像融合新方法

针对现有的图像融合算法在特征表达及信息取舍上的局限性,提出了一种基于正交小波包分解和2v-SVM的医学图像融合新算法.采用正交小波包将图像信号频带进行多层次分解,提取特定的频率成分,对低频分量节点逼近系数采用本文提出的基于2v-SVM的线性加权融合算子处理,结合两幅图像中大的高频分量节点逼近系数构成新的节点系数矩阵,最后通过小波包重构得到融合后的图像.实验结果证明了该方法的有效性和优越性.     

改进的MIMO系统变步长小波常模盲均衡算法

针对传统的多用户MIMO系统常模盲均衡算法收敛速度慢,稳态误差大的缺点,提出来改进的多用户MIMO系统变步长小波常模盲均衡算法,该算法使用变步长代替固定步长来克服收敛速度与剩余误差之间的矛盾,同时利用归一化正交小波变换(WTCMA)和奇异值分解消除时延信号分量,降低接收信号的自相关性,加快收敛速度,减小稳态误差;理论分析和仿真结果表明:新算法可正确恢复出具有信号延时的MIMO系统的源信号,与变步长小波盲均衡算法与CMA算法相比,能获得更快的收敛速度及更小的均方误差。     

基于自适应仿生小波变换的语音增强方法

分析自适应滤波和小波滤波的原理与方法,提出一种基于自适应仿生小波变换的语音增强方法.该方法首先用仿生小波变换对含噪语音信号进行小波分解,这样可以保证对信号频率和幅值的听觉特性,然后将经仿生小波变换所分离出来的噪声成分作为自适应滤波器的输入.通过选用自适应滤波器的最小二乘算法(RLS)从而实现信噪分离的最佳滤波,以保证去除信号中的相关噪声.实验结果表明,该方法对语音信号有显著的增强效果,能实现语音信号在同频段对噪声成分和有用信号的最佳估计.     

基于小波包最优基的语音信号压缩方法

提出了基于方差准则的小波包最优基压缩方法.首先选择一个合适的小波函数及分解层次对语音信号进行小波包分解.然后基于方差准则确定小波包最优基,保留语音信号的重要特征,实现信号压缩.最后对小波包最优基中的小波系数进行量化、编码,以便于信号在信道中传输.在接收端进行译码,重构压缩后的语音信号,观察压缩效果.实验中对语音信号采用不同方法进行了压缩实验,验证了本文算法的可行性.实验结果表明,本文算法的搜索量小,易于实现,压缩效果比较明显.     

基于听觉感知模型的自适应音频数字水印算法

提出了一种基于听觉感知模型的自适应音频数字水印算法。该算法采用了适合于时变信号分析的小波包来分解音频信号。小波包分解满足心理声学模型所需的频率分辨率,可直接在小波域中计算掩蔽阈值,而不需像MEGP等算法那样进行FFT运算,从而大大降低了计算的复杂程度。实验结果表明,水印系统对MP3压缩、噪声干扰、重量化、低通滤波攻击有一定的鲁棒性。     

基于小波变换和随机共振的微弱信号检测方法

根据随机共振的噪声选择性和频率敏感特性,提出了基于小波变换和随机共振的微弱信号检测方法.对含噪输入信号经多尺度小波变换分解为不同尺度频率的信号成分后,通过引入尺度收缩因子来调节各尺度信号成分的大小,再将不同尺度的分解信号作为双稳系统的输入,研究了不同尺度频率信号经收缩因子作用后对系统输出信噪比的影响.数值仿真结果表明,选取合适的尺度收缩因子,能有效提高系统输出的信噪比.     

小波域改进变步长自适应滤波

自适应滤波器可在统计量未知的环境中自动调整自身参数,以满足被控对象的时变要求,是现代信号处理技术的重要研究领域.最小均方算法具有结构简单,运算量小,易于实时处理等优点,被广泛应用于自适应滤波算法.但其收敛速度受输入向量自相关函数矩阵特征值的分布影响较大,且收敛精度及跟踪速度与步长选取相互矛盾,因此提出一种改进的变步长调整函数应用于小波域最小均方自适应滤波.实验结果表明,算法可以有效减小输入信号的条件数,降低输入信号的相关性,并可使信号在自适应滤波中更快达到稳态.     

一种时间自适应阈值的小波包改进语音增强算法

针对传统小波语音增强算法存在过度周值处理的问题,提出一种改进的时间自适应阈值小波包去噪算法.该方法采用听觉感知小波包对噪声语音进行分解,得到小波包听觉感知节点上的系数,并基于语音存在概率估计按帧自动调节去噪周值,因改进的闲值能更好地避免语音小波包系数被过度阈值处理的情况,从而在抑制噪声的同时保留了更多的原始语音成分,进一步提高了降噪效果,实验结果表明,该算法比常规小波自适应闻值算法能得到更清晰的语音增强信号.     

A new optimum feature extraction and classification method for speaker recognition: GWPNN

Speech and speaker recognition is an important topic to be performed by a computer system. In this paper, an expert speaker recognition system based on optimum wavelet packet entropy is proposed for speaker recognition by using real speech/voice signal. This study contains both the combination of the new feature extraction and classification approach by using optimum wavelet packet entropy parameter values. These optimum wavelet packet entropy values are obtained from measured real English language speech/voice signal waveforms using speech experimental set. A genetic-wavelet packet-neural network (GWPNN) model is developed in this study. GWPNN includes three layers which are genetic algorithm, wavelet packet and multi-layer perception. The genetic algorithm layer of GWPNN is used for selecting the feature extraction method and obtaining the optimum wavelet entropy parameter values. In this study, one of the four different feature extraction methods is selected by using genetic algorithm. Alternative feature extraction methods are wavelet packet decomposition, wavelet packet decomposition – short-time Fourier transform, wavelet packet decomposition – Born–Jordan time–frequency representation, wavelet packet decomposition – Choi–Williams time–frequency representation. The wavelet packet layer is used for optimum feature extraction in the time–frequency domain and is composed of wavelet packet decomposition and wavelet packet entropies. The multi-layer perceptron of GWPNN, which is a feed-forward neural network, is used for evaluating the fitness function of the genetic algorithm and for classification speakers. The performance of the developed system has been evaluated by using noisy English speech/voice signals. The test results showed that this system was effective in detecting real speech signals. The correct classification rate was about 85% for speaker classification.     

基于粒子群神经网络的气阀机构故障诊断

提出应用粒子群神经网络和小波包能量特征的柴油机气阀机构故障诊断方法.为了克服BP算法的缺陷,将粒子群优化(PSO)算法应用于神经网络的学习算法中;为了避免PSO算法在全局最优值附近搜索变慢,采用了一种从PSO搜索到BP搜索的启发式算法;然后,通过模拟柴油机气阀机构的两种常见的主要故障:气阀漏气和气门间隙异常,采集气缸盖...     

轴承早期故障特征提取方法研究

针对滚动轴承早期故障信号被背景噪声淹没、故障特征不明显的问题,提出一种基于小波包分解和互补集合经验模态分解(CEEMD)的轴承早期故障信号特征提取方法.利用Matlab软件对采集到的轴承振动信号进行快速谱峭度分析,根据峭度最大化原则确定带通滤波器的中心频率和带宽,设计带通滤波器;对经过带通滤波器滤波后的信号进行小波包分解和CEEMD分解,根据峭度、相关系数筛选出有效本征模态函数(IMF)分量;利用IMF分量重构小波包信号,对重构小波包信号进行包络谱分析,提取轴承早期故障信号特征频率.该方法通过谱峭度分析降低背景噪声干扰,通过小波包分解增强故障冲击信号,并将CEEMD与小波包分解相结合,解决经典EMD分解存在的模态混叠、无效分量问题.仿真结果表明,相较于传统包络解调算法,重构后信号的背景噪声得到抑制,故障特征分量突出,验证了所提方法的可行性和有效性.     

基于小波包分解和遗传神经网络的癫痫识别

基于小波包分解和遗传神经网络对正常脑电和癫痫脑电进行识别。通过分析脑电数据找出信号特征;利用一维离散小波包分解提取含有识别特征的脑电信号频率段,并以脑电各频段的相对能量作为信号特征;然后建立基于遗传算法优化的BP网络,用于对癫痫脑电识别。实验结果表明,该方法可以有效提取信号特征,并且对信号进行准确的识别。     

Fault diagnosis of rolling bearing based on back propagation neural network optimized by cuckoo search algorithm

In order to improve the accuracy of rolling bearing fault diagnosis in mechanical equipment, a new fault diagnosis method based on back propagation neural network optimized by cuckoo search algorithm is proposed. This method use the global search ability of the cuckoo search algorithm to constantly search for the best weights and thresholds, and then give it to the back propagation neural network. In this paper, wavelet packet decomposition is used for feature extraction of vibration signals. The energy values of different frequency bands are obtained through wavelet packet decomposition, and they are input as feature vectors into optimized back propagation neural network to identify different fault types of rolling bearings. Through the three sets of simulation comparison experiments of Matlab, the experimental results show that, Under the same conditions, compared with the other five models, the proposed back propagation neural network optimized by cuckoo search algorithm has the least number of training iterations and the highest diagnostic accuracy rate. And in the complex classification experiment with the same fault location but different bearing diameters, the fault recognition correct rate of the back propagation neural network optimized by cuckoo search algorithm is 96.25%.

     

Structure damage diagnosis using neural network and feature fusion

A structure damage diagnosis method combining the wavelet packet decomposition, multi-sensor feature fusion theory and neural network pattern classification was presented. Firstly, vibration signals gathered from sensors were decomposed using orthogonal wavelet. Secondly, the relative energy of decomposed frequency band was calculated. Thirdly, the input feature vectors of neural network classifier were built by fusing wavelet packet relative energy distribution of these sensors. Finally, with the trained classifier, damage diagnosis and assessment was realized. The result indicates that, a much more precise and reliable diagnosis information is obtained and the diagnosis accuracy is improved as well.     

Spur bevel gearbox fault diagnosis using wavelet packet transform and rough set theory

The gearbox is an important component in industrial drives, providing safe and reliable operation for industrial production. Wavelet packet transform (WPT) analysis was used to extract fault features in the vibration signals generated by a gearbox. The extracted features from the WPT were used as input in a rough set (RS) for attribute reduction and then combined with a genetic algorithm to obtain global optimal attribute reduction results. The fault features gained after the attribute reductions were used to generate decision rules. The unknown gear status signal attributes were used as input to match the generated decision rules for fault diagnosis purposes. Gearbox vibration signals contain a significant amount of gear status information; a WPT has an acute portion-locked ability to extract attribute information from the vibration signals. However, WPT frequency aliasing would lead to the generation of spurious frequency components, affecting gear fault diagnosis. In this paper, we introduce an improved WPT to eliminate frequency aliasing, thus improving the accuracy of fault diagnosis. This paper studies the use of wavelet packet for feature extraction and the RS for classification; the results demonstrate that this method can accurately and reliably detect failure modes in a gearbox.     

基于小波包与分形组合技术在变压力下液压管路振动信号分析研究

提出基于小波包与分形组合技术对压力突变情况下航空发动机液压管路振动信号进行分析。首先,采用小波包对压力突变下液压管路振动信号进行分解,压力突变下液压管路振动信号的分形特征通过小波包的重构系数得到反映与验证;其次,通过对比分析小波包的关联维数值,得到压力突变下液压管路振动信号不同频带与关联维数的变化规律;最后结果表明,基于小波包与分形组合技术可以反映压力突变下液压管路振动信号特征。     

Vibration modelling with fast Gaussian wavelet algorithm

Vibration signals are considered as nonstationary signals with transients. Conventional harmonic Fourier analysis finds it difficult to model the vibration signals. In this paper, a novel approach using the global Fourier transforms and local wavelet analysis is presented for vibration analysis and modelling. Time–frequency wavelet analysis has been proven a useful tool for the detection of vibration transients. However, current algorithms with discrete or continuous wavelet transforms for vibration analysis are either low resolution of features or very time consuming. We developed a fast Gaussian wavelet algorithm with very narrow band-pass filtering technique. The time–frequency maps with high frequency resolution enable us to observe the evolution in time of significant frequencies identified by global Fourier analysis, so that the transients and the regular signals can be distinguished. These regular significant frequencies are selected to be the basis of vibration modelling. The coefficients of the model are identified by a least-squares algorithm, which ensures that the error is minimised. To demonstrate this approach a machine spindle vibration signal is analysed, and the main features of the vibration signal are extracted, which are useful for system monitoring and further analysis.     

Intelligent diagnosis method for a centrifugal pump using features of vibration signals

In the field of machinery diagnosis, the utilization of vibration signals is effective in the detection of fault, because the signals carry dynamic information about the machine state. However, knowledge of a distinguishing fault is ambiguous because definite relationships between symptoms and fault types cannot be easily identified. This paper presents an intelligent diagnosis method for a centrifugal pump system using features of vibration signals at an early stage. The diagnosis algorithm is derived using wavelet transform, rough sets and a partially linearized neural network (PNN). ReverseBior wavelet function is used to extract fault features from measured vibration signals and to capture hidden fault information across optimum frequency regions. As the input parameters for the neural network, the non-dimensional symptom parameters that can reflect the characteristics of a signal are defined in the amplitude domain. The diagnosis knowledge for the training of the PNN can be acquired by using the rough sets. We also propose a diagnosis method based on the PNN, one which can deal with the ambiguity problem of condition diagnosis, and distinguish fault types on the basis of the possibility distributions of symptom parameters automatically. The decision method of optimum frequency region for extracting feature signals is also discussed using real plant data. Practical examples of diagnosis for a centrifugal pump system are shown in order to verify the efficiency of the method.