GWY型高效消泡剂的制备及性能研究

GWY型高效消泡剂是以硅氧烷树脂为主体，经多种表面活性剂及助剂复合乳化而成，考察了乳化剂用量、使用环境的温度和pH值对消泡性能的影响。结果表明．它具有较强的消泡和抑泡能力，稳定性好，应用范围广泛。     

高效有机硅消泡剂的制备

针对气田钻井液发泡问题,从钻井液发泡原因和消泡机理出发,在综合考察现今国内外各种消泡体系的基础之上,研制了一种以有机硅为主体的乳液型消泡剂LS。通过L16正交实验确定了影响消泡剂LS产品性能的条件,得出各因素对反应的影响次序为:有机硅质量分数>乳化温度>乳化剂质量分数>乳化时间;优化的合成条件为:有机硅质量分数15%,乳化剂质量分数5%,乳化温度80℃,乳化时间20 m in。通过性能评价实验,证明该消泡剂具有用量少(质量分数为0.2%)、消泡效果好(密度恢复率为98.96%)、抑泡能力强(抑泡密度恢复率为99.13%)、无毒无污染等优点,作为一种高效环保型的钻井液消泡剂,具有广阔的发展应用前景。LS已工业化生产,现场应用效果良好。     

有机硅/聚醚复合乳液消泡剂的配制

将二甲基硅油、聚醚、复合乳化剂和助乳化剂复配 ,制得有机硅 /聚醚复合乳液消泡剂。讨论了乳化剂、助乳化剂的种类及用量、二甲基硅油规格及用量对乳液稳定性和消泡效果的影响。较佳配方为1 0 0份复合乳液消泡剂中粘度 ( 2 5℃ )为 5 0 0mPa·s的二甲基硅油 1 0～ 2 0份、羟值为 40～ 5 6mgKOH/g的聚醚 1 0～ 2 0份、复合乳化剂 4 5份、助乳化剂 1～ 3份 ,乳化温度 60℃。对于脱墨液、草浆黑液、涂布剂和阳离子松香施胶剂 ,有机硅 /聚醚复合乳液消泡剂的应用效果优于单纯的聚醚消泡剂和有机硅消泡剂 ,消泡速度更快 ,用量更少。     

复配型聚醚改性硅氧烷消泡剂乳液的制备

将二甲基硅油、气相法白炭黑、羟基硅油等按比例150℃处理3 h制得硅膏,再和聚醚硅油、复合乳化剂(Span-Tween)、增稠剂等复配得到乳液型有机硅消泡剂。研究了聚醚硅油的结构与用量、乳化剂HLB值及乳化温度对消泡剂性能的影响,得到最佳配方是乳液中聚醚硅油用量为15%;复合乳化剂的HLB值为8~10,用量为7%。结果表明:所制得的消泡剂消泡效果好,离心稳定性以及在水中的分散性良好、不同p H值(2~12)条件下不分层、不漂油。     

复合型有机硅乳液消泡剂的研制

本文介绍了一种用二甲基硅油，多种乳化剂和助剂在水相中复合乳化，制备复合型有机硅乳液消泡剂的方法，并讨论了各种因素对乳液稳定性和消泡效果的影响，实验证明该消泡剂的主要技术指标优于国外同类产品，具有较好的经济效益和广泛的应用前景。     

烃油乳液型消泡剂的制备及其在丁腈胶乳后处理中的应用

制备了烃油乳液型消泡剂,研究了原料、反应物配比、反应温度、反应时间、乳化体系及配比等对制备烃油乳液型消泡剂的影响;考察了该消泡剂在丁腈胶乳(NBRL)后处理中的应用效果,并与进口消泡剂进行了对比。结果表明,制备烃油乳液型消泡剂的最佳反应条件为高碳脂肪酸/烷基醇胺(质量比)为2.8/1,液体石蜡/高碳脂肪酸(质量比)为4.5/1,酯化反应温度为100℃,反应时间为3.5 h;在水溶液及NBRL体系中,烃油乳液型消泡剂与进口消泡剂相比,其消泡性能相当或更好;加入适量消泡剂,NBRL后处理装置泡沫抑制情况较好,对丁腈橡胶产品的性质及力学性能无不良影响。     

钻井液用高效有机硅消泡剂的研制

本文介绍了以二甲基硅油为主要原料合成硅膏,采用复合乳化体系对其进行乳化,研制成钻井液用乳液型消泡剂,该消泡剂具有生产工艺简单、消泡能力强的特性。     

钻井液用高效有机硅消泡剂的研制

本文介绍了以二甲基硅油为主要原料合成硅膏,采用复合乳化体系对其进行乳化,研制成钻井液用乳液型消泡剂,该消泡剂具有生产工艺简单、消泡能力强的特性。     

胃镜检查用多功能消泡乳的制备及性能评价

合成有机硅消泡剂、平平加A-20、柔软剂SG中加入少量纯化水,制成复合乳化剂。将盐酸丁卡因加入甲基纤维素中,制成胶液。将复合乳化剂加入胶液中,用高速乳化法乳化。加入醋酸氯已定、单糖浆制备胃镜检查用多功能消泡乳,并评价其消泡及抑泡性能。结果表明,高速乳化法制得的胃镜检查用多功能消泡乳质量稳定,消泡及抑泡性能良好,为临床提供实用新制剂。最优处方为:合成有机硅消泡剂3%,甲基纤维素20%,平平加A-20∶柔软剂SG=1∶6(体积比)。     

胃镜检查用多功能消泡乳的制备及性能评价

合成有机硅消泡剂、平平加A-20、柔软剂SG中加入少量纯化水,制成复合乳化剂。将盐酸丁卡因加入甲基纤维素中,制成胶液。将复合乳化剂加入胶液中,用高速乳化法乳化。加入醋酸氯已定、单糖浆制备胃镜检查用多功能消泡乳,并评价其消泡及抑泡性能。结果表明,高速乳化法制得的胃镜检查用多功能消泡乳质量稳定,消泡及抑泡性能良好,为临床提供实用新制剂。最优处方为:合成有机硅消泡剂3%,甲基纤维素20%,平平加A-20∶柔软剂SG=1∶6(体积比)。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.