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新型表面活性剂——烷基糖苷的合成 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
用转糖苷法合成了新型非离子表面活性剂——辛基糖苷,癸基糖苷、十二烷基糖苷和十四烷基糖苷。通过单因素实验方法,探索了制备烷基糖苷的影响因素,得出适宜的合成工艺条件为:葡萄糖:正丁醇:高碳醇:催化剂的摩尔比为1:4:2:0.02;合成丁苷的反应温度为95~114℃反应时间为45min;合成辛基糖苷,癸基糖苷、十二烷基糖苷和十四烷基糖苷的转苷化温度分别是90~110%、100~115℃、110-120℃、115—125℃,时间均为60~80min。采用减压蒸馏以除去过量的高碳醇并经活性炭提纯处理最终制得质量较好的烷基糖苷。 相似文献
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利用转糖苷化法合成烷基糖苷,对合成烷基糖苷的催化剂体系做了一定改进,并对催化剂的用量做了研究,确定了合成烷基糖苷的最优催化剂体系。 相似文献
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为解决烷基糖苷钻井液在现场应用过程中出现的井壁失稳情况,中国石化集团中原油田开展了新型页岩抑制剂阳离子烷基糖苷的研制。对阳离子烷基糖苷合成过程中醚化反应条件进行了考察。考察了环氧氯丙烷与烷基糖苷物质的量比、醚化反应时间、醚化反应温度、烷基糖苷加料方式等对合成产品性能的影响,得出醚化反应最优化反应条件为:环氧氯丙烷与烷基糖苷物质的量比为1:1.5、醚化反应时间2.Oh、醚化反应温度86℃、烷基糖苷0.5h内分2次加入。本研究为得到抑制性能优良的钻井液用阳离子烷基糖苷打下了良好的基础。 相似文献
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烷基糖苷是新一代温和、绿色、环保型表面活性剂,主要介绍烷基糖苷的国内外发展现状,直接糖苷化法、转糖苷化法两种合成方法以及其在洗涤剂、化妆品、食品乳化剂、农药增效剂等方面的应用。 相似文献
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用香味成分分析法研究烟用香精的质量控制 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
把烟用香精进行同时蒸馏萃取、气相色谱/质谱联用仪(GC/MS)鉴定、气相色谱仪(GC)定量分析,建立了分离分析烟用香精香味成分的方法,选择十几种香味成分作为特征峰,用以监控香精的质量波动情况。对选择的香味成分特征峰进行了重复性实验以及不同批次香精的稳定性实验。结果显示,重复性实验的相对标准偏差小于不同批次香精的质量波动;经过对烟用香精进行不同温度的耐热性实验,经相似度检验,进一步确认了通过分析香精中的香味成分,可达到监控质量的目的。 相似文献
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烟用香料研究进展简介 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本文对近十多年来国外烟用香料的研究作一简介 ,内容包括烟叶中香味成分研究 ,烟用香原料合成 ,二萜化合物的开发 ,Maillard反应产物 ,释放型香料及其它。 相似文献
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Minghai Long Yikun Hua Xianguo Wang Yuekun Wang Chuan He Dongyou Huangfu 《Drying Technology》2018,36(1):52-62
Smoking food tobacco material include flue-cured tobacco leaves, expanded stems, and reconstituted tobacco sheets. As the main raw material in the cigarette industry, the quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves is very important to the smoking food products. The effects of different combined moistening and redrying treatments on the physicochemical and sensory changes of flue-cured tobacco leaves have been systemically studied. This work has demonstrated that the steam moistening and low-temperature slow redrying (SM–LTSR) processes can improve the moisture content and color uniformity of tobacco leaves (p?0.05). More importantly, the degradation of colorant and polyphenol precursors in tobacco leaves can be reduced for different redried lamina, and the average degradation amounts can be decreased by 30.63 and 22.41%, respectively. The total amount of volatile compounds can be decreased by 9.61% in comparison with the steam-water mixing moistening and high-temperature redrying (SWM–HTR) processes. We conclude that the mid-high-grade tobacco leaves should be processed through the SM–LTSR treatments to improve the color brightness, quality stability and retain flavor, while the low-grade tobacco leaves should be processed through the SWM–HTR processes to improve the processability, aftertaste and remove the offensive odor in actual threshing and redrying. This work has formed the suitable processing methods for different qualities of tobacco leaves and has laid the theoretical foundation for the quality improvement and flavor preservation of tobacco leaves. 相似文献
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Two-stage dehydration method of flue-cured tobacco in rotary dryer was experimentally evaluated and compared to the single-stage dehydration process. The characteristic flavor components in dried cut tobacco, including major Maillard reaction compounds and carotenoid degradation products, as well as drying rate were analyzed for different two-stage dehydration operations. The results showed that both the pre-drying temperature and intermediate moisture content had a significant effect on the overall drying rate of cut tobacco during two-stage drying. On the other hand, the retention of characteristic flavor components in tobacco, especially Maillard reaction compounds retention, was influenced significantly by the final drying temperature as well as intermediate moisture content. The 10°C increase in the final drying temperature from 100 to 110°C reduced the retentions of Maillard reaction compounds and carotenoid degradation products by 14.5 and 9.4%, respectively. Change of intermediate moisture contents from 19 to 15% reduced the Maillard reaction compounds retention by 14.7%. Given the consideration of characteristic flavor components’ retention and drying process efficiency, two-stage dehydration of cut tobacco in rotary dryer could reach a better performance as compared with the single-stage dehydration. The cylinder-wall temperature combination of 140/100°C with the 17% intermediate moisture content could be used as the optimal two-stage condition for the investigated flue-cured tobacco. 相似文献