涤纶织物全生物基阻燃抗熔滴涂层的构建

为赋予涤纶织物良好的阻燃性能和抗熔滴性能,采用生物质植酸和壳聚糖为原料,通过层层自组装工艺对涤纶织物进行壳聚糖/植酸(CS/PA)全生物基阻燃抗熔滴涂层整理,并对整理前后涤纶织物的表面形貌、阻燃性能、热稳定性、燃烧性能、白度及其阻燃机制进行分析。结果表明：整理后涤纶织物表面均匀沉积了CS/PA涂层,极限氧指数由21.0%升高至28.3%,具有良好的阻燃性能,在垂直燃烧测试中织物能够自熄且无熔滴,损毁长度由16.0 cm降低为7.6 cm;热稳定性和燃烧性能得到改善,最大热释放速率降低52.0%,总热释放量下降33.3%;CS/PA涂层主要通过膨胀型阻燃机制提高涤纶织物的阻燃性能;整理后涤纶织物白度下降了2.5%,为利用环保和无有机溶剂方法制备全生物基阻燃抗熔滴涤纶织物提供了实验依据。     

石墨烯对涤纶织物整理及功能性研究

文中首先使用氢氧化钠对涤纶织物进行碱减量处理使其表面亲水化,然后采用传统的浸-轧-烘干工艺将氧化石墨烯整理在其表面,最后经过还原反应后使得织物表面的氧化石墨烯被还原成石墨烯,制得功能性石墨烯整理涤纶织物。结果表明,使用涤纶织物碱处理可以促进氧化石墨烯在涤纶表面的负载,且其表面石墨烯的负载量随减量率的升高而逐渐增加。根据最优工艺制得的石墨烯整理涤纶织物具有性能良好的导电性和抗菌性能,通过增加减量率的方法可以使整理涤纶织物的功能性有所提高。     

石墨烯对涤纶织物整理及功能性研究

文中首先使用氢氧化钠对涤纶织物进行碱减量处理使其表面亲水化,然后采用传统的浸-轧-烘干工艺将氧化石墨烯整理在其表面,最后经过还原反应后使得织物表面的氧化石墨烯被还原成石墨烯,制得功能性石墨烯整理涤纶织物。结果表明,使用涤纶织物碱处理可以促进氧化石墨烯在涤纶表面的负载,且其表面石墨烯的负载量随减量率的升高而逐渐增加。根据最优工艺制得的石墨烯整理涤纶织物具有性能良好的导电性和抗菌性能,通过增加减量率的方法可以使整理涤纶织物的功能性有所提高。     

涤纶织物的三聚氰胺植酸盐膨胀阻燃整理

采用三聚氰胺植酸盐膨胀型阻燃体系对涤纶织物进行阻燃改性,探讨了改性涤纶织物的阻燃性能、抗熔滴性能、热释放能力、热稳定性和阻燃机理。结果表明,经三聚氰胺植酸盐改性后,涤纶织物的熔滴性能得到改善,阻燃性能提高,在垂直燃烧中能够自熄,达到阻燃B_1级。此外,改性涤纶织物的热稳定性提高,热释放能力大幅降低,表明涤纶织物的阻燃性能得到很大提高。     

高温自交联抗熔滴阻燃涤纶织物的制备及其性能

针对涤纶织物易燃、熔滴严重的问题，采用甲基膦酸(5-乙基-2-甲基-2-氧代-1,3,2-二氧磷杂环己-5-基)甲基甲基酯(EMD)和N-苯基马来酰亚胺(N-PMI)构建新型磷-氮协同阻燃体系，采用浸轧法对涤纶织物进行后整理，研究其阻燃性能和阻燃机制。结果表明：EMD和N-PMI存在协同阻燃作用，整理后涤纶织物的极限氧指数达到35.1%,燃烧过程中不再产生熔滴，热释放速率峰值和总热释放量比纯涤纶织物分别降低了48.6%和20.8%,且力学性能和透气性不受明显影响；整理后涤纶织物表现出典型的凝聚相阻燃机制，与纯涤纶织物相比，其燃烧生成炭层的致密性、连续性及热稳定性均显著提高，从而能起到良好的屏障作用，而其抗熔滴性提高的主要原因则是伴随着熔融发生的高温自交联。     

二乙基次膦酸铝涂层涤纶织物的阻燃性能研究

文中采用含磷阻燃剂二乙基次膦酸铝改性水性聚氨酯,并通过涂层技术提升涤纶织物的阻燃及防熔滴性。主要探究阻燃剂用量与涂层添加量对织物阻燃效果的影响,并研究阻燃涂层织物的燃烧行为、阻燃性、力学性能及耐水压和光泽度。结果表明,当二乙基次膦酸铝用量为2%、涂层为100 g/m2时,织物损毁长度降至12.9 cm,极限氧指数提至28.6%,无熔滴,达B1级阻燃标准,可以有效提高聚氨酯涂层涤纶织物的阻燃性能和防熔滴性能;锥形量热测试表明,最大热释放速率和总烟雾量分别降低24.9%和69.3%,同时,阻燃涂层织物保持良好的力学性能,耐静水压值为52.3 k Pa。     

涤纶织物石墨烯-Fe_3O_4复合溶液抗静电整理

涤纶织物存在亲水性差,易产生静电等问题,文中采用石墨烯-Fe_3O_4复合溶液,用于涤纶织物的抗静电整理,探讨了工艺条件对织物抗静电性能的影响,并测试整理后织物的抗静电性、防紫外线性及耐水洗性。结果表明,涤纶织物石墨烯-Fe_3O_4复合溶液抗静电整理最佳工艺为:石墨烯用量0.27 g/L,Fe_3O_4用量3.73 g/L,黏合剂NH-110用量150.00 g/L,轧液率70%;石墨烯-Fe_3O_4复合溶液整理后涤纶织物抗静电效果好,带电量仅为156 C/m~2,赋予了涤纶织物良好的抗静电性,且水洗5次后仍具有良好的抗静电性。     

纳米石墨烯导电涤纶织物的制备及性能

为增强涤纶织物的导电性能,制备纳米石墨烯整理剂溶液,对涤纶织物进行碱减量以提高与石墨烯的结合牢度,再通过浸渍烘干法制备石墨烯导电涤纶织物。采用单因素和正交实验对制备工艺进行优化,采用傅里叶红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜和拉曼光谱等对导电织物进行表征,评价样品的耐洗牢度和机械性能。结果表明:优化整理工艺为乙二胺100 mL/L,氧化石墨烯1.5 g/L(pH 6),连二亚硫酸钠6 g/L,95℃还原1.5 h,制得的涤纶织物表面电阻为13.5 kΩ;氧化石墨烯可在涤纶织物表面形成紧密涂覆膜并被充分还原,赋予织物良好的导电性;涤纶织物的耐洗牢度较高,水洗10次后表面电阻仍维持在31.8 kΩ;整理工艺对织物的机械性能影响很小。     

聚酰胺6织物的磺胺阻燃抗熔滴整理

为进一步扩展聚酰胺6织物的应用领域,采用磺胺作为阻燃整理剂,在高温条件下,通过浸渍沉积法对聚酰胺6织物进行阻燃防熔滴整理。并对整理后聚酰胺6织物的热稳定性、热释放性能、抗熔滴性能、阻燃性能和阻燃机制进行分析。结果表明:经磺胺阻燃整理后,聚酰胺6织物的极限氧指数达到32.2%,损毁长度和损毁面积均减小,无熔滴产生,达到阻燃B₁级的要求,具有较好的阻燃效果;同时整理后聚酰胺6织物的最大热释放速率下降了16.9%,火灾危害性显著降低;磺胺主要通过气相阻燃机制提高聚酰胺6织物的阻燃性能,且阻燃整理对聚酰胺6织物的强力和手感影响较小。     

氧化石墨烯的制备及涤纶的抗静电整理

采用改进的Hummers法制备氧化石墨烯,采用层层组装和借鉴原位生成的方式,将还原氧化石墨烯和二氧化钛整理到涤纶织物上,研究后整理工艺对涤纶抗静电性能的影响。结果表明当石墨烯层数为4层,浸渍温度为45℃,保险粉的质量分数为0.7%、还原时间为30 min时,织物的抗静电等级为A级,具有优异的抗静电性能。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Analysis on Economic Indicators from 62 Enterprises in Printing Machinery Industry in Q1 2014

Operation of printing machine industry was still unsatisfactory in the first quarter of 2014.Analysis on operation of printing machine industry.a.Market demand was not strong;sales of product undulated and declined.According to the statistics,the total industrial output value fell by 19.28% in the first quarter of 2014 than the average quarter value in 2013; industrial added value decreased by 4.16%; sales revenue dropped by 22.83%. h. Business operation of enterprises was in poor condition. c. R＆D of new products is an important transformation guarantee for enterprises. d. To take self explore new ways upgrading advantages,and explore new ways.