氯化聚氯乙烯的配混技术、加工与应用

详细介绍了氯化聚氯乙烯的配混技术中常用的助剂(热稳定剂、防老剂、填充剂、增塑剂、润滑剂和抗冲击改性剂等)和常用加工工艺(混料、挤出成型、注射成型)。并重点介绍了氯化聚氯乙烯树脂在管材、化工防腐设备、电子电器元件、泡沫材料、CPVC复合材料、CPVC／PVC共混物、CPVC／ABS共混物等方面的应用。     

CPVC／ABS二元共混物性能的研究

本文研究了ABS树脂对CPVC／ABS共混物的力学性能和加工性能的影响。结果表明,随着ABS含量的增加,CPVC／ABS二元共混物的拉伸强度、维卡软化点和熔体粘度下降,而CPVC／ABS共混物的冲击强度得到明显改善。     

CPVC及其共混材料性能评价

简单介绍了CPVC的优异性能及其在管材、型材、板材等方面的应用。试验评价了CPVC及其共混材料的阻燃抑烟性能、力学性能及耐热性能。指出CPVC较PVC具有更加优异的阻燃抑烟性能、更好的力学性能和耐热性能,其共混物可满足不同领域的产品需求。     

CPVC/ABS二元共混物性能的研究

研究了ABS树脂对CPVC/ABS共混物的力学性能和加工性能的影响.结果表明随着ABS含量的增加,CPVC/ABS二元共混物的拉伸强度、维卡软化点和熔体粘度下降,而CPVC/ABS共混物的冲击强度得到明显改善;当ABS含量为30%时,共混物的冲击强度为11.0 kJ/m2,维卡软化点为110 ℃,凝胶化时间为52 s,平衡扭矩为17.7 N·m.     

CPVC／ABS二元共混物性能的研究

研究了ABS树脂对CPVC／ABS共混物的力学性能和加工性能的影响。结果表明，随着ABS含量的增加，CPVC／ABS二元共混物的拉伸强度，维卡软化点和熔体粘度下降，而CPVC／ABS共混物冲击强度得到明显改善。     

马来酸酐接枝改性氯化聚氯乙烯的制备及其在PVC中的应用

采用固相法制备马来酸酐接枝氯化聚氯乙烯(CPVC-g-MAH),得到了接枝率达2.91 %的CPVC-g-MAH,并对其进行了性能测试,探讨了聚氯乙烯(PVC)/CPVC-g-MAH共混物的冲击性能和加工性能,与PVC/氯化聚氯乙烯(CPVC)共混物进行对比以观察改性效果。结果表明,CPVC-g-MAH的热性能较CPVC有较大提高;PVC/CPVC-g-MAH共混物的冲击性能比PVC/CPVC共混物有所提高,而平衡转矩有所降低,说明CPVC-g-MAH相比于CPVC对PVC共混物加工性能改善效果更加明显。     

氯化聚氯乙烯的发展概况

介绍了CPVC的 4种制备工艺 :在卤烃中进行的溶液或悬浮聚合、水相悬浮氯化、固相氯化及用液氯进行的光催化氯化。概述了CPVC的改性情况 ,主要是通过与其它聚合物的共混 (或合金化 )、用无机填料填充、复合以及接枝共聚等方法进行CPVC的改性 ,以提高CPVC的性能。分析了CPVC作为管材、涂料及粘合剂、绝缘及阻燃材料、人造纤维材料、改性剂、泡沫材料等的应用情况。指出了国内CPVC生产企业与国外同类企业之间存在的差距 :规模小 ,成本高 ,质量差 ,产品牌号少 ,推广应用不够 ,多采用溶液法生产 ,悬浮法和固相法生产CPVC量少等 ,这与国内的市场发展极不相配 ,应加大发展力度     

CPVC树脂及共混料的性能研究

对比了国产与日本进口CPVC树脂的加工性能、维卡软化温度与力学性能,并对比了市售、进口、自配CPVC共混料的加工性能、维卡软化温度与力学性能。结果表明:1日本进口CPVC树脂的皮膜薄且不连续,其加工性能与力学性能都优于国产CPVC树脂;2随着氯含量的提高,CPVC树脂的维卡软化温度提高,加工性能和力学性能下降;3进口CPVC共混料的综合性能优于市售与自配的CPVC共混料。     

氯化聚氯乙烯系树脂组成物

提供了末端处理时无裂纹、成型良好、表面优良的CPVC成型物，和适合物用作塞缝条的CPVC组成物，其配方为：氯质量分数平均为58％－70％的CPVC或其与PVC的混合物100份、碳酸钙3－20份、甲基丙烯酸甲酯－丁二烯－苯乙烯共聚树脂（称MBS）3－20份。     

氯化聚氯乙烯树脂综述

介绍了氯化聚氯乙烯树脂(CPVC)的性能、应用领域、生产和使用情况,分析了国内外CPVC树脂的性能差距及缩小其差距应采取的措施.     

MBS对CPVC凝胶化的影响及CPVC/MBS共混物性能的研究

采用差示扫描量热仪和HAAKE流变仪研究了甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(MBS)对氯化聚氯乙烯（CPVC）凝胶化性能及流变性能的影响,并对CPVC/MBS共混物的力学性能、耐热性能、微观形貌进行了系统研究。结果表明,MBS能改善CPVC的加工性能。随着MBS含量的增加,共混物的凝胶化度得到极大的提高,塑化时间明显缩短,平衡扭矩不断上升,平衡温度大幅上升。MBS用量为6份时,CPVC/MBS共混物的综合性能最佳。     

Blends of a chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) compound and a thermotropic liquid crystalline copolyester: Mechanical properties of squeezed flow films

The mechanical properties of squeezed flow films were measured on blends of a chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) (CPVC) compound and a thermotropic liquid crystalline copolyester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid/poly(ethylene terephthalate) (60/40), hereafter referred to as LCC. CPVC is immiscible with LCC. The most serious and unique problem of liquid crystalline polymers is their tendency to fibrillate when fabricated into films and injection molded parts, primarily because of a high degree of mechanical anisotropy. It has been found that the mechanical anisotropy of LCC and blends could be lessened using nonisothermal squeezing equibiaxial extension flow. The maximum tensile properties of LCC are achieved when processed in the vicinity of 260°C. For blends of CPVC containing LCC, the mechanical properties are dependent on the processing temperature and compositions. Blends with no more than 20 wt% of LCC exhibit significant increases in tensile properties. This is due to the possibility of frozen-in macroscopic biaxial orientation of LCC in the blends during the nonisothermal squeezing flow. Within the range of processable temperatures, the reinforcement of CPVC due to the incorporation of LCC can be achieved at a temperature below the optimum processing temperature of LCC, although the thermal history of blends never reaches that temperature.     

CPVC/PMMA共混体系的性能研究

制备了氯化聚氯乙烯/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(CPVC/PMMA)共混材料,研究了PMMA的引入对CPVC/PMMA共混体系的力学性能、耐热性能、表面光泽度、加工流动性和微观结构的影响。结果表明:适量PMMA的引人,使CPVC/PMMA共混体系的缺口冲击强度和光泽度较纯CPVC显著提高,耐热性能亦有所改善,而拉伸强度下降不明显;塑炼过程中,CPVC/PMMA共混体系熔体的平衡扭矩降低,凝胶化时间减少。当PMMA含量为15 phr时,CPVC/PMMA共混体系具有最佳综合性能,此时该共混体系的缺口冲击强度为5.4 kJ/m2,拉伸强度为53.5 MPa,表面光泽度为82.3%,热变形温度为102.4℃,平衡扭矩为20.1 N·m。     

Study of compatibility,morphology structure and mechanical properties of CPVC/ABS blends

Compatibility, morphology structure, and mechanical properties of CPVC/ABS (Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride/acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene) blends were studied. The core‐shell ratios of ABS were set at 40/60 and 70/30. The interface interactions between ABS and CPVC were changed by modifying the acrylonitrile (AN) content of the shell. The compatibility of CPVC with the shell of ABS was studied by the blends of CPVC/SAN with different AN content in SAN. Dynamic mechanical analysis results of CPVC/SAN were in accordance with the morphological properties of CPVC/ABS. The mechanical properties of CPVC/ABS blends in which the polybutadiene content was set to 15 wt % were studied. Results showed, with the change of AN content, the impact strength followed different way for CPVC/ABS blends with different core‐shell ratios of ABS because of the influence of the compatibility. When the core‐shell ratio was 40/60, the CPVC/ABS blends were much ductile in more widely AN range than the blends, whereas the core‐shell ratio of ABS was 70/30. The differences also showed in the SEM micrographs by the investigation of toughening mechanism. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

CPVC/ABS/CPE三元共混体系的组成与性能关系研究

研究了氯化聚氯乙烯(CPVC)、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)和氯化聚乙烯(CPE)三元共混体系的组成与性能之间的关系。结果表明,ABS树脂可以有效降低CPVC/ABS/CPE三元共混体系的平衡扭矩,缩短三元共混体系的塑化时间,改善其流动性;当CPE含量固定、共混体系中CPVC与ABS的质量比为7:3时,共混体系的拉伸强度和缺口冲击强度达到最佳,共混体系具有较好的综合力学性能;随着CPE含量的增加,三元共混体系的缺口冲击强度显著提高,CPE对三元共混体系具有优良的增韧作用,用量以15份为宜。     

CPVC/PVC/ACR三元共混材料的研究

研究了CPVC／PVC/ACR三元共混材料的物理力学性能。结果表明，共混材料的维卡软化温度和拉伸屈服强度随CPVC用量的增加而增加；当ACR用量为6-8份时，可明显改善共混材料的抗冲性能。     

PB橡胶粒径对CPVC/PVC/ABS共混体系结构与性能的影响

采用乳液聚合技术合成了一系列不同PB橡胶粒径的ABS核壳改性剂,将其与CPVC、PVC共混,考察了CPVC/PVC/ABS共混物的结构与性能。动态力学分析表明：CPVC与PVC比例为90/10时,CPVC/PVC共混物部分相容,CPVC/PVC/ABS共混物也是部分相容;扫描电子显微镜分析其形态结构表明：共混物中ABS分散受PB橡胶粒径影响,PB橡胶粒径为113 nm的ABS在CPVC中分散最均匀。力学性能测试表明：随着PB橡胶粒径的增加,共混物的冲击强度先增大后减小,拉伸强度并无明显变化。     

CPVC/ABS/AS与CPVC/ABS共混体系性能研究

研究了丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)含量对氯化聚氯乙烯(CPVC)/ABS/丙烯腈苯乙烯共聚物（AS）及CPVC/ABS共混体系力学性能、耐热性能以及阻燃性能的影响。结果表明,在CPVC/ABS/AS三元共混体系中,当ABS含量由零增加到30 %（质量分数,下同）时,共混体系的冲击强度由11.5 kJ/m2上升至39.1 kJ/m2;在CPVC/ABS二元共混体系中,当ABS含量由零增加到25 %时,共混体系的冲击强度由11.1 kJ/m2上升至52.6 kJ/m2,拉伸强度、弯曲强度和维卡软化点随着ABS含量的增加而下降;共混体系的阻燃性能与CPVC用量密切相关,在CPVC∶ABS（或ABS+AS）=6∶4时,共混体系的极限氧指数达到了31 %。     

Influence of the tert‐dodecyl mercaptan content in poly(acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene) on properties of chlorinated polyvinyl chloride/poly(acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene) blends

A series of poly(acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene) (ABS) grafting modifiers were synthesized by emulsion grafting poly(acrylonitrile‐styrene) (SAN) copolymer onto polybutadiene (PB) latex rubber particles. The chain transfer reagent tert‐dodecyl mercaptan (TDDM) was used to regulate the grafting degree of ABS and the molecular weight of SAN copolymers. By blending these ABS modifiers with Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) resin, a series of CPVC/ABS blends were obtained. The morphology, compatibility, and the mechanical properties of CPVC/ABS blends were investigated. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) studies showed that the ABS domain all uniformly dispersed in CPVC matrix. Dynamic mechanical analyses (DMA) results showed that the compatibility between CPVC and SAN became enhanced with the TDDM content. From the mechanical properties study of the CPVC/ABS blends, it was revealed that the impact strength first increases and then decreases with the TDDM content, which means that the compatibility between CPVC and the SAN was not the only requirement for maximizing toughness. The decreasing of tensile strength and the elongations might attribute to the lower entanglement between chains of CPVC and SAN. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers