基于表面邻接约束的交互式文物碎片重组

为了有效地解决文物虚拟复原中因断裂部位表面受损严重而造成的几何特征缺失,导致已有的模型重组方法失效的问题,提出一种基于文物模型表面纹饰几何特征的交互式破损文物重组方法.首先通过生成显示脊线得到碎片表面纹饰的几何结构和主动轮廓线;然后领域专家根据几何纹饰的连贯性确定待拼合碎片的邻接关系,并给出初始位置及碎片的表面邻接约束,采用区域生长方法确定表面邻接约束点的最终位置;再以表面邻接约束点为中心获取初始匹配点集,并采用线段约束筛选出待拼合碎片间的最优匹配点对集;最后采用基于穷举搜索的形状匹配方法计算刚体变换,实现碎片拼合.实验结果表明,该方法能够实现复杂碎片的准确拼合.     

基于最大权团的曲面粗匹配算法

提出一种将曲面匹配问题转化为图论中的最大权团搜索问题、将最优的点对应关系用最大权团表示的曲面粗匹配算法,该算法分为点匹配、点对应图构造和最大权团生成等3个阶段.点匹配使用高曲率点和均匀采样点作为候选点,通过自旋图进行匹配计算,构造初始点对应集合;点对应图构造使用距离约束、法矢约束和唯一性约束构造图的边,并使用自旋图相关系数为顶点赋权值;最大权团生成使用基于分支限界的团搜索算法,从对应点图中提取出代表最优对应的最大权团.实验结果表明,文中算法稳定、有效、可扩展,能够进行部分曲面匹配,并且适用于欠特征曲面.     

基于Morse-Smale拓扑特征的文物碎片拼接算法

针对计算机辅助文物虚拟复原中由于破损文物断裂部位边缘受损而引起的轮廓线不能充分表示断裂面几何特征的问题,提出了一种基于断裂面拓扑特征的破碎文物自动拼接算法.首先,定义碎片模型顶点显著度指标函数,提取断裂面特征点,依据Morse-Smale复形理论构建并简化断裂面的几何拓扑图;然后,通过定义基准点与0值面,从而计算目标点的对应高度差值,将拓扑图中四边形曲面构造成为能完整表示断裂面几何特征的特征描述符,并根据凹凸互补性计算初始特征四边形匹配集的误差,筛选出最优匹配集;最后,采用四元组方法计算旋转、平移矩阵,利用穷举搜索法实现碎片的精确拼接.实验结果表明,该方法针对断裂部位边缘受损的破碎文物模型可获得较满意的拼接效果.     

基于生成树代价和和几何约束的文物碎片自动重组方法

在文物碎片自动重组过程中, 针对传统基于几何驱动重组的方法容易受噪声影响会产生误匹配等问题, 本文提出一种基于生成树代价和和几何约束的文物碎片自动重组方法. 首先, 采用曲度函数提取碎片断裂面上凹凸性显著的n个特征点; 进而, 对其进行拓扑重构, 以特征点空间位置之间的欧氏距离为权值, 构造n阶带权无向完全图及其最小、最大生成树, 以生成树的代价和为邻接约束, 快速筛选潜在匹配碎片; 然后, 再以特征点的主曲率构造特征串, 引入Hausdorff距离来衡量两个特征串之间的相似程度, 可以有效找出配对碎片; 最后, 采用四元数法估算旋转平移矩阵将碎片粗对齐, 再采用迭代最近点算法实现精确对齐. 实验结果表明, 重组误差小于1 mm, 与传统方法相比, 该方法特征点数量较少, 计算量小, 有效提高了碎片重组的效率和准确性.     

一种可靠的高分辨率光学卫星遥感影像匹配方法

提出一种基于虚拟交点的高分辨率光学卫星遥感影像自动匹配方法。具体流程包括：（1）初始获取同名点,建立影像局部粗匹配模型;（2）利用同名点构建同名虚拟直线,通过同名虚拟直线形成同名虚拟交点集,并采用局部粗匹配模型进行约束;（3）对候选点集进行特征描述;（4）对特征点利用最小欧式距离准则提取初始同名点;（5）采用RANSAC算法和多项式拟合迭代法剔除误匹配点以获取最终的匹配结果。实验结果表明了本文通过虚拟交点提取同名点的算法,获取了更好的匹配效率和精度。     

基于运动平滑约束项的快速误匹配剔除算法

针对图像拼接时用随机抽样一致性（RANSAC）算法迭代计算过程中计算量大、匹配正确率低的问题,提出了一种基于运动平滑约束项的误匹配剔除算法。首先采用快速旋转不变特征（ORB）算法提取特征点,基于汉明距离实现特征点初匹配;其次,基于运动平滑约束项统计邻域支持估计量实现误匹配粗剔除;然后,进一步采用空间几何约束关系实现误匹配精剔除;最后,利用分组排序采样求解模型参数,采用加权平均实现图像融合。实验结果表明,该算法的误匹配剔除率相比缩小抽样点总量算法提升了75.6%,相比自适应阈值算法提升了24%,此方法能有效剔除误匹配,实现图像精确拼接。     

破碎刚体复原中的断裂面匹配算法

给出一种断裂面匹配的算法.首先根据形状描述子提取断裂面的特征点;然后根据特征点的特征值是否相近及邻域曲面是否相似得到少量特征显著的相似点对,算法以显著特征点为中心将断裂面划分为多个曲面片,使用三维直方图比较面片间的相似性,对于相似面片内部的特征点不再寻找其相似点,所以得到的相似点对数量少,可靠性高;最后使用引入三角形约束的穷举搜索的方法进行断裂面匹配.实验结果表明,算法能够实现断裂面的部分和完全匹配.     

空间约束的无人机影像SURF特征点匹配

与普通场景图像相比,无人机影像中纹理信息较丰富,局部特征与目标对象“一对多”的对应问题更加严重,经典SURF算法不适用于无人机影像的特征点匹配.为此,提出一种辅以空间约束的SURF特征点匹配方法,并应用于无人机影像拼接.该方法对基准影像整体提取SURF特征点,对目标影像分块提取SURF特征点,在特征点双向匹配过程中使用两特征点对进行空间约束,实现目标影像子图像与基准影像的特征点匹配;根据特征点对计算目标影像初始变换参数,估计目标影像特征点的匹配点在基准影像上的点位,对匹配点搜索空间进行约束,提高匹配速度与精度;利用点疏密度空间约束,得到均匀分布的特征点对.最后,利用所获取的特征点对实现无人机影像的配准与拼接,通过人工选取均匀分布的特征点对验证拼接精度.实验结果表明,采用本文方法提取的特征点能够得到较好的无人机影像拼接效果.     

三角网格曲面角点的鲁棒性检测算法

为有效检测三角网格曲面上的角点特征,提出一种基于最小主曲率的角点检测算法.首先通过计算网格顶点处的最小主曲率,利用加权最小主曲率定义角点特征函数,并计算角点特征值;然后利用迭代阈值法自动产生检测阈值,以去除噪声和特征不明显的角点;最后采用非极大值抑制法消除局部邻域内的角点聚簇获取特征明显的角点.在此基础上,在多个尺度下分别计算每个网格顶点处的角点特征值,并通过加权将其合并成多尺度角点特征值,新的角点特征值使得角点检测算法具有较高的稳定性和鲁棒性.通过重复检测率实验和部分重叠曲面的配准实验,验证了文中算法的有效性与实用性.     

一种基于极坐标变换的点模式匹配算法

点模式匹配是目标识别、图像配准与匹配、姿态估计等计算机视觉与模式识别应用方向的基础问题之一。提出了一种新的利用点特征进行匹配的算法,该算法根据点集的分布与点位置信息,构建了点的特征属性图,通过极坐标变换得到对数极坐标的特征图,并利用几何不变矩方法对特征图进行描述。由特征描述向量的比较,获得粗匹配结果,然后通过几何约束迭代的方法获取最终的点集匹配结果。本文贡献如下:一,构建了一种点的极坐标变换特征,并运用不变矩进行描述,使所提特征具有旋转与平移的不变性;二,提出了利用点特征与整体点集几何约束结合的匹配算法,能有效克服出格点与噪声带来的不利影响。最终实验说明了算法的有效性和鲁棒性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.