基于小波变换和非局部平均的超分辨率图像重建

针对小波域超分辨率方法中重建图像存在的模糊效应,提出一种结合离散小波变换(DWT)、平稳小波变换(SWT)和非局部平均(NLM)的单帧图像重建方法DSNLM。算法首先对低分辨率图像同时进行DWT和SWT,得到四个子带图像;然后结合对应高频子带图像,直接将原始低频图像作为低频子带,各子带利用NLM滤波处理,得到待重建高分辨率图像的各子带图像;最后,通过离散小波逆变换(IDWT)得到最终的重建高分辨率图像。实验结果和重建视觉效果表明,所提方法与已有的超分辨率方法相比更优,在峰值信噪比(PSNR)、均方差(MSE)和结构相似性度量(SSIM)的评价指标上有显著的提高,对图像去噪、去模糊有效。     

Wavelet-based image interpolation using multilayer perceptrons

Changing the resolution of digital images and video is needed image processing systems. In this paper, we present nonlinear interpolation schemes for still image resolution enhancement. The proposed neural network interpolation method is based on wavelet reconstruction. With the wavelet decomposition, the image signals can be divided into several time–frequency portions. In this work, the wavelet decomposition signal is used to train the neural networks. The pixels in the low-resolution image are used as the input signal of the neural network to estimate all the wavelet sub-images of the corresponding high-resolution image. The image of increased resolution is finally produced by the synthesis procedure of wavelet transform. In the simulation, the proposed method obtains much better performance than other traditional methods. Moreover, the easy implementation and high flexibility of the proposed algorithm also make it applicable to various other related problems.     

基于静态小波变换和2代曲波变换的图像融合算法

提出了一种基于静态小波变换(SWT)和2代曲波(curvelet)变换的图像融合算法.首先将原图像分别进行SWT变换得到高、低频分量.然后,对低频分量采用基于2代曲波变换的方法进行融合,对高频分量基于绝对值最大的方法进行融合.最后进行SWT逆变换得到最终的融合图像.实验结果表明,该算法具有SWT变换和2代曲波变换二者的优点,主客观评价均优于单独SWT变换和单独2代曲波变换融合算法,也优于离散小波变换(DWT)和曲波变换相结合的融合算法.     

The secure wavelet transform

There has been an increasing concern for the security of multimedia transactions over real-time embedded systems. Partial and selective encryption schemes have been proposed in the research literature, but these schemes significantly increase the computation cost leading to tradeoffs in system latency, throughput, hardware requirements and power usage. In this paper, we propose a light-weight multimedia encryption strategy based on a modified discrete wavelet transform (DWT) which we refer to as the secure wavelet transform (SWT). The SWT provides joint multimedia encryption and compression by two modifications over the traditional DWT implementations: (a) parameterized construction of the DWT and (b) subband re-orientation for the wavelet decomposition. The SWT has rational coefficients which allow us to build a high throughput hardware implementation on fixed point arithmetic. We obtain a zero-overhead implementation on custom hardware. Furthermore, a Look-up table based reconfigurable implementation allows us to allocate the encryption key to the hardware at run-time. Direct implementation on Xilinx Virtex FPGA gave a clock frequency of 60 MHz while a reconfigurable multiplier based design gave a improved clock frequency of 114 MHz. The pipelined implementation of the SWT achieved a clock frequency of 240 MHz on a Xilinx Virtex-4 FPGA and met the timing constraint of 500 MHz on a standard cell realization using 45 nm CMOS technology.     

快速方向字典插值的中低倍率超分辨率算法

在中低倍率实时超分辨率显示系统中,为了进一步提高重建图像质量的同时降低运算复杂度,提出了一种全方向字典拟合插值的中低倍率快速超分辨率算法。对每个高分辨率图像中待插值像素,首先在对应的低分辨率插值区间中,采用金字塔纹理字典查找主纹理方向,然后根据待插值像素位置进行插值方向修正,最后通过单边拟合的插值方法得到插值结果。实验结果表明,与基于线性映射的边缘定位超分辨率算法(SREO)相比,该算法的峰值信噪比(PSNR)和结构相似度(SSIM)平均分别提高了0.73 dB和0.04,同时平均运算时间减少了40%。     

基于小波分析的TM遥感图像超分辨率重建

基于图像算法的超分辨率重建技术可以提高光学遥感图像的空间分辨率,能够更加有效地利用现有数据并降低成本。以滇西北香格里拉市小中甸坝为实验区,以2009年的TM影像为数据源,开展遥感图像超分辨率重建实验研究。首先分析其中造成图像退化的各项因素并经过双线性插值、维纳逆滤波、卷积等处理;然后通过小波分解得到描述各个方向上不同尺度的高低频信息的小波系数,并多次试验推导出满足预期条件的加权因子。再将多时段的低分辨率图像小波系数以小波重构的方式重建。通过实验可以看出,重建图像能提供更多的细节信息,图像质量有了明显提高。     

Typhoon cloud image enhancement and reducing speckle with genetic algorithm in stationary wavelet domain

By employing discrete stationary wavelet transform (SWT), generalised cross-validation (GCV), genetic algorithm (GA), and non-linear gain operator, an efficient de-noising and enhancement algorithm for typhoon cloud image is proposed. Having implemented SWT to a typhoon cloud image, noise in a typhoon cloud image is reduced by modifying the stationary wavelet coefficients using GA and GCV at fine resolution levels. Asymptotical optimal de-noising threshold can be obtained, without knowing the variance of noise, by only employing the known input image data. GA and non-linear gain operator are used to modify the stationary wavelet coefficients at coarse resolution levels in order to enhance the details of a typhoon cloud image. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can efficiently reduce the speckle in a typhoon cloud image while well enhancing the detail. In order to accurately assess an enhanced typhoon cloud image's quality, an overall score index is proposed based on information entropy, contrast measure and peak signal-noise-ratio (PSNR). Finally, comparisons between the proposed algorithm and other similar methods, which are proposed based on discrete wavelet transform, are carried out.     

A robust semi-blind watermarking for color images based on multiple decompositions

In this paper, a robust semi-blind watermarking scheme for color images, based on multiple decompositions is proposed to preserve the copyrights of the owner. Using multiple decompositions, the gray watermark is embedded into a host color image. Prior to that, to enhance security the gray watermark is encrypted with Arnold transform and SVD by generating secret keys. The luminance component of the given host image is subjected to discrete wavelet transform(DWT), contourlet transform(CT), Schur decomposition and singular value decomposition(SVD) in sequence and finally the watermark is embedded. In the semi-blind extraction process, the watermark is extracted without the help of the original host image. Experimental results show that the proposed watermarking scheme has better visual imperceptibility and high robustness against image & signal processing attacks compared to other methods.     

基于超分辨率的多聚焦图像融合算法研究

针对传统小波变换在图像融合过程中出现边缘模糊、图像失真等问题,提出了一种基于超分辨率的多聚焦图像融合算法。对所有的源图像进行了双三次插值的单帧超分辨率处理,增强源图像对比度等细节信息,采用的源图像为分别进行左右聚焦处理的同一场景中的两幅图像。对这些高分辨率源图像实现了平稳小波变换（SWT）,并将源图像划分为四个子带。针对这些子带所包含源图像细节信息混乱、结构信息冗余等问题,采用了主成分分析（PCA）,分别选取源图像各子带的最大信噪比进行图像融合。利用逆平稳小波变换（ISWT）对融合子带进行重构,得到高质量融合图像。为了评定融合后图像的质量,选择了无参考图像和全参考图像的两种度量方法来检测融合后的图像质量。经实验结果表明,提出的算法克服了传统小波变换算法在图像融合上的缺点,具有边缘清晰、视觉感知好、清晰度好、失真小等优点。     

基于3维提升可分离小波变换的图像水印方案

鲁棒水印技术通常被用于版权保护和所有权声明等目的。许多提出的水印方案通常把水印嵌入在变换域内,如2维的DFT域、DCT域和DWT域以及3维的DCT域、WT域。前3个域主要被用于2维的图像载体,而后2个域主要被用于3维的视频载体和3维的图像载体。在本文中,一种基于3维提升可分离小波(3-D SWT)的灰度图像水印方案被提出。首先,通过之字扫描把灰度图像分解为3维的图像序列,然后使用3-D SWT变换这些图像序列。同时通过相对熵理论证明了3-D SWT变换系数符合广义高斯分布。为了平衡鲁棒性和不可感知性,新的适用于3维的人类视觉模型被重构并用于调整水印的嵌入强度。在水印的检测方面,最优检测器实现水印的盲检测。实验表明本方案对各种攻击是强鲁棒的。     

Combining stationary wavelet transform and self-organizing maps for brain MR image segmentation

This study presents an image segmentation system that automatically segments and labels T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance (MR) images. The method is based on a combination of unsupervised learning algorithm of the self-organizing maps (SOM) and supervised learning vector quantization (LVQ) methods. Stationary wavelet transform (SWT) is applied to the images to obtain multiresolution information for distinguishing different tissues. Statistical information of the different tissues is extracted by applying spatial filtering to the coefficients of SWT. A multidimensional feature vector is formed by combining SWT coefficients and their statistical features. This feature vector is used as input to the SOM. SOM is used to segment images in a competitive unsupervised approach and an LVQ system is used for fine-tuning. Results are evaluated using Tanimoto similarity index and are compared with manually segmented images. Quantitative comparisons of our system with the other methods on real brain MR images using Tanimoto similarity index demonstrate that our system shows better segmentation performance for the gray matter while it gives average results for white matter.     

Non-blind digital watermarking with enhanced image embedding capacity using DMeyer wavelet decomposition,SVD, and DFT

Amongst the requirements of digital color image watermarking–capacity is the major component to be addressed effectively. To address the same we proposed a method for inserting a color image into another color image of same size using non-blind watermarking scheme. From this method we achieved reasonably good perceptual similarity by measuring acceptable peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity (SSIM) index. The method uses DMeyer single level discrete wavelet transformation (DWT) to get approximation coefficients-where most of the image information is stored, discrete Fourier transformation (DFT) is used to get set of components which are sufficient to describe the whole image and singular value decomposition (SVD) to get reliable orthogonal matrix of computationally sustainable components of the transformed image. The method is robust against attacks like–rotation, cropping, JPEG compression and for noises–salt and pepper, gaussian, speckle.     

小波分形插值应用于遥感图像处理

鉴于自然物体图像具有分形特征,提出了小波分形插值应用于遥感图像处理的新方法．这种小波分形插值方法利用小波变换系数中低分辨率频带中的高频分量相似高分辨率频带中的高频分量的特点．将遥感图像在小波变换的基础上用分形做相似变换,进而通过反变换得到比原图像分辨率高的插值图像．实验证明,小波分形插值方法比现有的双线性插值、三次方B样条插值方法具有更好的性能．     

Image fusion using intuitionistic fuzzy sets

Image fusion is the process of combining one or more images which are obtained from different environment into a single image which is more useful for further image processing tasks. Image registration and image fusion are of great importance in defence and civilian sectors, particularly for recognizing a ground/air force vehicle and medical imaging. In this paper a new way is drawn to fuse two or more images by using maximum, minimum operations in intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs). IFSs are more suitable for image processing since every digital image have lot of uncertainties. In processing phase, images are reformed into intuitionistic fuzzy images (IFIs). Entropy is employed to obtain the optimum value of the parameter in membership and non-membership function. Then the resulting IFIs are disintegrated into image blocks and the corresponding blocks of the images are reunioned by finding the count of blackness and whiteness of the blocks. This paper evaluates the performance of simple averaging (AVG), principal component analysis (PCA), discrete wavelet transform (DWT), stationary wavelet transform (SWT), dual tree complex wavelet transform (DTCWT), multi-resolution singular value decomposition (MSVD), nonsubsampled contourlet transform (NSCT) and IFS (proposed method) in terms of various performance measure. The experimental and comparison results show that luminance and contrast is of great importance for image processing and prove that the proposed method is better than all other methods.     

基于小波系数区域相似度的医学图像融合*

根据小波变换原理,给出了一种基于小波系数区域相似度的医学图像融合方法.首先,以图像小波变换系数的区域均值、方差、协方差统计参量构造匹配度和加权因子,对高频子图进行区域融合; 然后,在低频部分采用绝对值取大的规则,进行图像融合;最后经过小波逆变换得到融合图像.实验证明,该方法得到的融合图像具有良好的视觉效果和量化指标,体现出更强的融合性能.     

On the statistical decorrelation of the 2D discrete wavelet transform coefficients of a wide sense stationary bivariate random process

We present a second order statistical analysis of the 2D Discrete Wavelet Transform (2D DWT) coefficients. The input images are considered as wide sense bivariate random processes. We derive closed form expressions for the wavelet coefficientsʼ correlation functions in all possible scenarios: inter-scale and inter-band, inter-scale and intra-band, intra-scale and inter-band and intra-scale and intra-band. The particularization of the input process to the White Gaussian Noise (WGN) case is considered as well. A special attention is paid to the asymptotical analysis obtained by considering an infinite number of decomposition levels. Simulation results are also reported, confirming the theoretical results obtained. The equations derived, and especially the inter-scale and intra-band dependency of the 2D DWT coefficients, are useful for the design of different signal processing systems as for example image denoising algorithms. We show how to apply our theoretical results for designing state of the art denoising systems which exploit the 2D DWT.     

Redundant versus orthogonal wavelet decomposition for multisensor image fusion

The wavelet decomposition has become an attractive tool for fusing multisensor images. Usually, the input images are decomposed with an orthogonal wavelet in order to extract features, which are combined through an appropriate fusion rule. The fused image is then reconstructed by applying the inverse wavelet transform. In this paper, we investigate the use of the nonorthogonal (or redundant) wavelet decomposition as an alternative approach for feature extraction. By using test and remote sensing images, various fusion rules are considered and the detailed comparison indicates the superiority of this approach compared to the standard orthogonal wavelet decomposition for image fusion.     

支持分辨率渐进码流的无损图像编码方法

针对无损图像压缩编码,提出了一种新颖的图像分解去相关方法。当前的无损图像编码方法主要有CALIC和JPEG-LS,两者都在空域直接作预测,导致编码码流不具有分辨率可伸缩性。结合小波提升模式与边缘自适应预测研究实现了一种比二维小波变换性能更好的分解方法。首先,对图像的每一列样值进行一维小波分解;然后,对高频子带进行边缘自适应预测,减少残留的信息。针对低频子带图像进行同样的两步操作,就完成了对图像的一次二维分解。对低频图像进行多次迭代操作后即形成了对图像的一个多分辨率分解。实验结果表明,与JPEG2000的无损模式相比,由于边缘自适应预测的引入,提出的分解模式获得了明显的编码增益。     

一种快速的小波变换图象编码算法

首先分析并指出了对于零数编码来说,小波变换时应当使用原始滤波器系数参与运算,而对滤波器系数进行缩放会影响其编码性能,此外,低通滤波器时延参数对零树编码性能也有重要影响,为了保证小波变换后各小波子带图象之间的自相似性,就必须使低通滤波器的时延为零,在此基础上,针对具有二进系数的双正交小波滤波器,提出了一种适合零树编码的快速小波变换算法,此算法不但以移位代替了乘法运算,而且与使用原始滤波器系数的变换等效,最后,结合快速零树编码算法,实现了一种快速高效的编码系统。     

An effective secret image sharing using quantum logic and GPGPU based EDNN super-resolution

This paper presented an effective secret image sharing with super-resolution utilizing quantum logic and enthalpy based adaptive deep neural network. The proposed technique is processed as; at the sender side, initially secret input image is converted into a halftone image format by utilizing Error diffusion with varying thresholds (EDVT) method. Then in share generation phase, shares are produced with the basis matrix. Here, the basis matrix is created utilizing the quantum logic methodology. Then in embedding phase, discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is utilized for encoding shares. At the receiver side, encoded image is reconstructed using XOR operation and results the low-resolution image. Finally, enthalpy based adaptive deep neural network (EDNN) is designed with the General Purpose Graphic Processing Unit (GPGPU) to enhance the resolution of the reconstructed images and to lessen the time complexity of deep learning. Here, the EDNN is adapted with the enthalpy based normalization to mitigate the over fitting in layers of deep neural network. Furthermore, the proficiency of the proposed work improved in terms of normalized cross correlation, normalized absolute error, peak signal to noise ratio, mean square error and execution time by deploying images among CPU and GPGPU in an enhanced manner.