直梁圆角形柔性铰链的柔度矩阵分析

对直梁圆角形柔性铰链的柔度矩阵进行了研究。首先,基于悬臂梁理论推导了直梁圆角形柔性铰链平面内变形的解析计算方法,建立了柔性铰链平面内柔度矩阵的闭环解析模型,并给出了rt(r为铰链圆角半径,t为铰链厚度)时柔度矩阵的简化计算公式。然后,建立了直梁圆角形柔性铰链的有限元模型,得到了柔性铰链结构参数r/t和l/t(l为铰链长度）变化时柔度矩阵解析值和有限元仿真值的相对误差,以及r/t变化时柔度矩阵简化解析值和仿真值的相对误差。结果表明:采用悬臂梁理论建立的柔性铰链柔度矩阵模型,当l/t≥4时,柔度矩阵各项参数的理论解析值与有限元仿真值相对误差在5.5%以内,当0.1≤r/t≤0.5时,两者的相对误差能够控制在9%以内,当0.2≤r/t≤0.3时,两者的相对误差能够控制在6.5%以内;当r/t≤0.3时,简化解析值与仿真值的相对误差控制在9%以内, 当r/t≤0.2时,简化解析值与仿真值的相对误差控制在7%以内,从而验证了柔度矩阵闭环解析模型的正确性。建立的直梁圆角形柔性铰链柔度矩阵闭环解析模型可为柔性铰链以及柔性体机构的设计和优化提供理论依据。     

椭圆导角混合柔性铰链的设计计算与性能分析

为满足柔顺机构的大柔度要求,设计了一类新型椭圆导角混合柔性铰链。首先,以卡氏第二定理为基础推导了柔度和回转精度的计算公式,在参数的极限条件下,椭圆导角结构演化出其他三种铰链形式：直圆导角、椭圆直圆和直圆柔性铰链,使得多种柔性铰链的柔度和回转精度的计算公式合并在一组方程中,通过有限元分析验证了计算公式的正确性。其次,讨论了结构参数对柔度、回转精度和柔度精度比的影响趋势,分析结果表明,柔度与回转精度随参数的变化趋势具有相反性,且减小最小厚度是提高柔度的最佳方式。再次,比较了所提四种柔性铰链的性能,椭圆导角混合柔性铰链具有最大的柔度但回转精度较低,而直圆柔性铰链具有较高的回转精度且综合性能也较优越,但柔度最小。最后,对椭圆导角和直圆柔性铰链进行了应用研究,研究结果表明,椭圆导角混合柔性铰链在回转能力和应力水平方面具有显著优势。     

单边导角形柔性铰链的计算与性能分析

提出了一种单边导角形柔性铰链,以力学卡氏第二定理和微积分为理论基础,推导了单边导角形柔性铰链柔度和转动精度的闭环解析公式,利用有限元和实验的方法对柔性铰链的柔度公式进行校验。结果表明:有限元和实验方法与闭环解析式的结果基本一致。对单边导角形柔性铰链的性能进行分析,得出了结构参数对其柔度性能的影响关系,并通过与双边导角形柔性铰链比较,分析了单边导角形柔性铰链的转动能力、转动精度和对轴向载荷的影响,为柔性铰链在结构紧凑、大位移场合的工程应用提供了有价值的参考。     

基于有限元法的单边混合柔性铰链的性能分析

提出一种新型的单轴柔性铰链结构型式-单边混合柔陛铰链,由半个直圆柔性铰链和半个导角柔性铰链构成.通过有限元方法,分析了一组不同导角半径的单边混合铰链设计实例,结果表明单边该混合柔性铰链相对于一般混和柔性铰链与单边柔性铰链具有更高的柔度.并得到其柔度应力比,可用于定量地比较各种柔性铰链的性能差异.提出的单边混合柔性铰链为面向结构紧凑、大位移、高精度的工程应用提供了有价值的参考.     

Spatial force-based non-prismatic beam element for static and dynamic analyses of circular flexure hinges in compliant mechanisms

This paper presents a spatial force-based non-prismatic beam element modeling approach for circular flexure hinges, which is capable of accurate and efficient modeling of both static and dynamic characteristics of flexure-based compliant mechanisms. The spatial force-based non-prismatic beam element is an improvement and extension of the existing beam elements by considering shear and torsional effects of circular flexure hinge. The new consistent mass matrix formulation was derived using the Unit Load method. A parallel-guided compliant mechanism was taken as an example to validate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed approach through static and modal analyses with fewer non-prismatic beam elements, and the results are well agreed with ANSYS simulation results with massive 3D solid or 2D shell elements. The developed approach is also available to model arbitrarily shaped flexure hinges in compliant mechanisms.     

Design and analysis of a multi-notched flexure hinge for compliant mechanisms

This article presents a new multi-notched flexure hinge, which consists of two right circular and two parabolic notches, for positioning stages based on compliant mechanisms. First, the configuration of the presented multi-notched hinge is obtained using topology optimization, and the final shape is proposed based on post-processing. Second, the dimensionless empirical equations for the stiffness, rotational precision and stress levels of the flexure hinges are developed using finite element analysis (FEA). Third, based on the established equations, the influences of the geometric parameters on the performance of the flexure hinge are investigated. Finally, to further understand the characteristics of this type of flexure hinge, comparisons with flexure hinges of various shapes are performed in terms of stiffness, rotational precision and stress levels.     

倒圆角直梁型柔性铰链应力分析

为研究倒圆角直梁型柔性铰链的内部应力,利用材料力学的相关知识推导出该型柔性铰链的弯曲正应力和拉/压应力计算公式。采用变截面梁单元建立该型柔性铰链的有限元模型,在一端固定,另一端承受力矩或力的边界条件下,计算分析该型柔性铰链的应力;将有限元解与所推导出的解析解进行比较,验证所推导应力计算公式的正确性。根据所推导出的应力公式,讨论倒圆角直梁型柔性铰链的内部应力与其各结构参数之间的关系。     

A generalized analytical compliance model for transversely symmetric three-segment flexure hinges

This paper presents a generalized compliance model for a three-segment notch flexure hinge with transverse symmetry. This flexure hinge configuration is most frequently employed in planar-motion, small-displacement compliant mechanisms. The axial and bending compliances are derived for this flexure hinge based on the compliances of two flexure components. The derivation is generalized such that it can be applied to various segment geometries. Using this open-ended model, a three-segment right elliptical corner-filleted flexure hinge design was analyzed. This geometric configuration introduces additional geometric parameters, which can be used to optimize the compliance of the flexure hinge without modifying its gross dimensions. The results of the analysis were validated in part by modifying the geometric parameters of the center segment and elliptical corner fillets to form limiting cases corresponding to several previously investigated configurations, namely right elliptical, three-segment right circular corner-filleted, and right circular geometries. Finite element analysis simulation and experimental testing were used to further validate the three-segment right elliptical corner-filleted analytical model. Additional simulations based on the analytical model were performed to highlight the influence of geometric parameters on compliances and to investigate shear effects for short flexure hinges.     

柔性铰链转动刚度分析与验证

针对直圆形柔性铰链进行分析,在分析比较通过理论公式和有限元软件计算柔性铰链转动刚度方法的基础上,设计柔性铰链转动刚度测试实验,对计算结果进行实验验证。提出了柔性铰链转动刚度设计的一般思路、方法和应注意问题。     

固定-导向柔顺杆件6R伪刚体模型

为提高固定-导向型伪刚体模型的计算精度,基于伪刚体模型的原理提出了一种固定-导向6R伪刚体模型。建立了该模型的运动学方程,并根据逆运动学分析方法及优化算法求解了模型的4个最优特征半径系数和3个扭簧刚度系数。通过数值算例模拟固定-导向6R伪刚体模型的末端动作路径,并将其与固定-导向2R伪刚体模型及柔顺杆件的末端路径进行对比。结果表明,固定-导向6R伪刚体模型能够更加精确地模拟相应柔顺杆件的末端动作过程,且其相对误差几乎为0。最后,通过ANSYS有限元分析实例验证了该模型在实际计算中的精确性。     

圆弧柔性铰链的优化设计

柔性铰链是高精度柔性机构的关键部件,其运动精度与运动范围影响着柔性机构的性能,本文对圆弧柔性铰链进行了柔度矩阵推导,并依据柔度方程进行优化设计。采用结构矩阵法建立了圆弧柔性铰链的柔度方程,对矩形截面的翘曲抗扭刚度进行推导,得到了约束扭转状态下的扭转柔度近似方程。为相对长度较小铰链的扭转刚度精确求解提供了依据。对比理论计算结果与有限元分析结果,结果显示扭转柔度的最大相对误差在10%左右,其余方向柔度相对误差低于6%,验证了柔度方程的准确性。采用正交试验直观分析法得到柔性铰链各设计参数对转动刚度的灵敏度,并利用多目标遗传算法对柔性铰链的转动柔度以及轴向刚度两个目标进行了参数优化。通过优化结果与设计经验选取参数的对比,发现优化后圆弧柔性铰链的弯曲柔度提升了5.12%,同时铰链的轴向刚度提升了4.72%,证明针对圆弧柔性铰链的优化设计具有明显效果。     

Nonlinear modeling of compliant mechanisms incorporating circular flexure hinges with finite beam elements

Modeling of compliant mechanisms incorporating flexure hinges is mainly focused on linear methods. However, geometrically nonlinear effects cannot be ignored generally. This work shows that nonlinear behavior plays an important role in the deformation and stress analysis, which consequently impacts the design of compliant mechanisms. In this study a nonlinear higher order finite beam element based modeling approach is presented strongly reducing the computation time of nonlinear models. Planar deformation and mechanical stress of a single circular flexure hinge under a wide range of loads is modeled and computed with the proposed approach. A comparison with a 3D-nonlinear finite element model shows very good agreement and validates the beam model. It is shown that the linear and nonlinear deformation behavior of a single flexure hinge deviate marginally so that linear modeling approaches are sufficient. Furthermore a planar displacement amplification mechanism incorporating circular flexure hinges is studied by means of the same method highlighting the distinct deviation of the behavior of the geometrically nonlinear model from its linear prediction. In conclusion the nonlinear behavior at the system level can not longer be neglected. Finally, a study shows that different designs of the displacement amplification mechanism are achieved when linear or nonlinear modeling approaches are applied.     

Stiffness research on a high-precision, large-workspace parallel mechanism with compliant joints

Parallel-structure mechanisms, especially the non-backlash compliant parallel mechanisms, excel serial-structure ones in many indexes. This paper explores a novel six-strut compliant parallel mechanism based on the development of wide-range flexure hinges, and in this system the repeatability and resolution of sub-micron scale can be achieved over cubic centimeter motion range. The system stiffness, as a very important performance for compliant parallel mechanisms, directly influences the workspace, load-carrying capacity and driving-load capacity, etc. The system stiffness depends on the parallel mechanism's geometric dimensions and spatial layout, which is discussed in detail in this paper. The stiffness equation of individual flexure hinge is established firstly, and then the stiffness of the whole mechanism is modeled via assembling stiffness matrices and formulating constraint equations. Finally, the system stiffness influence plots are presented and discussed. The stiffness research on the six-strut compliant parallel mechanism provides further theoretical principles for designing and developing this kind of precision parallel devices.     

基于类V型柔性铰链的微位移放大机构

采用新型高精度类V型柔性铰链设计了柔性微位移放大机构,以减小该类机构的寄生运动并提高其动力学性能。对类V型柔性铰链与最常见的高精度直圆型柔性铰链的性能进行了比较;在考虑柔性铰链转动中心偏移量的基础上,基于弹性力学和材料力学理论推导了基于类V型柔性铰链和基于直圆型柔性铰链的两类二级杠杆式微位移放大机构的放大比。采用ANSYS软件,建立了放大机构的有限元模型,验证了位移放大比的理论推导,并对上述两类放大机构的位移放大比、寄生运动和固有频率进行了仿真和比较。有限元分析结果显示：基于类V型柔性铰链的放大机构有着更小的寄生运动和更高的固有频率,且前2阶固有频率分别是基于直圆型柔性铰链放大机构的1.68倍和1.41倍。最后,采用微视觉测量系统测量了两类放大机构的位移放大比和寄生运动。结果表明：基于类V型和直圆型柔性铰链放大机构的放大比和相对寄生运动比分别为4.387、4.529和0.314 7、0.334 2,显示类V型柔性铰链用于微位移放大机构可有效减小寄生运动并提高动力学性能。     

基于虚功原理的3-RRPR柔性精密定位工作台动力学分析

为了实现柔性精密操作系统的高频控制,提出一种新型空间柔性并联精密定位工作台系统,该工作台采用多个压电陶瓷驱动方式,通过半圆形凹槽单自由度柔性铰链的弹性变形实现末端执行件3平动自由度的主动调整.根据机构伪刚体模型,采用矢量闭环方法建立其位置、速度以及加速度方程,并结合柔性铰链弹性应变能,采用虚功原理方法进行动力学分析,推...     

椭圆柔性铰链柔顺机构的动力学建模与分析

以椭圆的离心角为积分变量,得到椭圆柔性铰链的转角计算的积分公式,推导出椭圆柔性铰链的刚度表达式.在此基础上针对一种应用广泛的含椭圆柔性铰链的柔顺机构,建立其动力学模型,得到该机构系统的固有频率计算公式.通过算例分析了该机构的各种参量对系统固有频率以及柔性铰链刚度的影响.     

椭圆弧柔性铰链刚度简化计算及优化设计

本文主要研究了椭圆弧柔性铰链刚度的优化设计方法。首无,针对椭圆弧柔性铰链刚度计算公式过于复杂的问题,采用幂函数非线性曲线拟合的方法,推导了椭圆弧柔性铰链刚度的近似理论计算公式。然后,基于近似理论计算公式,分析了柔性铰链的精度特性及工作时的最大应力;采用GlobalSearch全域优化指令和Fmincon局域优化指令对椭圆弧柔性铰链工作方向的最大刚度进行了优化设计。最后,采用有限元仿真和实验验证的方法证实近似理论计算公式的适用性和优化结果的可靠性。验证显示:实验结果与近似理论计算结果的相对误差小于5%,表明提出的方法不仅省去了繁杂的有限元模型建立以及计算和修改的过程,大大提高了设计效率;而且通过优化计算可以得到椭圆弧柔性铰链的最大刚度。     

Compliance-based matrix method for modeling the quasi-static response of planar serial flexure-hinge mechanisms

A matrix method is proposed to model the direct and inverse quasi-static response of constrained/over-constrained planar serial mechanisms with flexure hinges under bending, axial, and shear planar (three-dimensional) loading and small-deformations. The method uses a basic three-point compliance matrix corresponding to one rigid link and one adjacent flexure hinge that are subjected to one point load. This matrix connects the displacements at a point on the rigid link with the load that is applied at another point on it, and the deformations of the flexure hinge at its distal point. The quasi-static model of planar serial flexure-based mechanisms with multiple links under single/multiple point loading results from linearly superimposing all relevant hinge-link-load triads defined by their three-point matrices. A displacement-amplification planar device with right circularly corner-fileted flexure hinges is studied using several refinement stages of the matrix method to generate a model whose predictions are confirmed by finite element simulation.     

Dimensionless design graphs for flexure elements and a comparison between three flexure elements

This paper presents dimensionless design graphs for three types of flexure elements, based on finite element analysis. Using these graphs as a design tool, a designer can determine the optimal geometry, based on the stiffness and rotation demands of a flexure element. An example is given using the beam flexure hinge.Between the analyzed flexure hinges, a comparison is made on basis of equal hinge functionality: rotation. The result describes the maximum stiffness properties from different hinges in identical situations. A beam flexure element is preferred over a circular flexure hinge for stiffness demands in a single direction, while a cross flexure element enables medium stiffness in two perpendicular directions.     

新型直圆导角复合型多轴柔性铰链的柔度计算及其性能分析

设计出一种新型多轴柔性铰链--直圆导角复合型多轴柔性铰链,以卡氏第二定理为理论基础,推导了柔度计算式。利用所得结果进行实例计算,并进行有限元分析,通过结果对比验证了计算式的正确性。定义了铰链的厚长比λ,分析了柔度相对误差与λ之间的关系。利用所得柔度计算式,分析了铰链结构参数对其柔度的影响。通过与直圆型多轴柔性铰链的对比,得出直圆导角复合型多轴柔性铰链的转动能力与对载荷的敏感性均优于前者的结论。