低合金高强钢大热输入焊接热影响区组织性能

利用MMS-200热力模拟试验机研究了610 MPa级低合金高强度钢不同热输入焊接热影响区粗晶区(coarse grain high affected zone,CGHAZ)的组织和性能.结果表明,随着热输入的增加,试验钢CGHAZ组织逐渐粗大,低温冲击吸收功下降,但在80～100kJ/cm的大热输入冲击下,热影响区仍...     

Microstructure and properties of SAF2507 superduplex stainless steel welded joints

SAF2507 plates （ 12 mm thickness ） were welded using shield metal arc welding （SMAW） process with E2594 electrode. The microstructure, o-phase, and impact fraetograph of the welded joints were analyzed using optical microscope and scanning electron mieroseope. The results show that the fusion zone consists of ferrite, chromium nitride, and secondary aastenite precipitation when welding is performed at low heat input （0. 5 kJ/mm）. However, the increase in heat input causes precipitation of brittle o＂ phase at the y/c~ interface in weld metal and heat-affected zone, as well as a brittle fracture along the grain boundary. Heat input in the range of O. 5 kJ/mm to 1.5 kJ/mm is suitable for joining SAF2507 plates.     

G115钢CMT + P焊接工艺及组织和性能

基于冷金属过渡加脉冲(CMT + P)的焊接方法,研究了新型回火马氏体耐热钢G115的焊接性以及焊接接头组织和性能. 结果表明,焊接接头经热处理后为回火马氏体组织,焊缝晶粒呈现出等轴晶和柱状晶两种不同的形貌,而焊接热影响区和母材晶粒均为等轴晶. 与焊条电弧焊(SMAW)相比,CMT + P焊接方法有效降低了热输入,大幅度减小了热影响区宽度,提高了焊接接头的拉伸性能和热影响区冲击韧性,焊接接头焊缝冲击韧性略有降低. 焊接接头的室温和高温拉伸断裂机理均为韧性断裂,室温拉伸断口的韧窝内存在一定量的析出相.     

大线能量焊接船体钢的研究

大线能量焊接时由于高温停留时间长、相变冷却速度慢,焊接热影响区奥氏体晶粒急剧长大,得到侧板条铁素体为主的组织,韧性恶化。降低钢中的C含量及碳当量(Ceq)、细化焊接热影响区奥氏体晶粒尺寸以及改善焊接热影响区的组织是发展大线能量焊接用钢的主要技术措施。"氧化物冶金"技术利用钢中细小的氧化物,通过促进晶内针状铁素体形核明显改善焊接热影响区的组织,成为大线能量焊接用钢最有效的技术途径。实验结果表明:Ti-Mg复合处理明显细化钢中氧化物颗粒尺寸,促进了晶内针状铁素体形核,在100～200kJ/cm的大线能量焊接条件下粗晶热影响区得到针状铁素体为主的组织,-20℃冲击功达到350J。     

大线能量焊接DH36钢焊接热影响区组织与性能研究

利用双丝埋弧焊接试验,对比分析了传统DH36钢和大线能量焊接DH36船板钢焊接热影响区的组织与性能。结果表明,利用新型的Ti处理技术生产的大线能量DH36钢母材具有良好的强韧性和大线能量焊接性。经大线能量(100 kJ/cm)焊接后,传统DH36钢焊接热影响区低温韧性显著降低,不能满足指标要求(34 J)。大线能量DH36船板钢在50 kJ/cm和100 kJ/cm热输入焊接时均表现出良好的低温韧性,-20℃冲击功大于100 J。同传统的DH36钢相比,大线能量DH36钢焊接接头出现了软化区,但接头强度并未显著下降。总体上大线能量焊接DH36钢优越性在于:大线能量焊接时,焊接热影响区主要得到大量交错排列的晶内针状铁素体组织,热影响区硬度降低,低温韧性显著提高。     

电子束焊接热输入对Ti-24Al-15Nb-1.5Mo/TC11双合金焊接接头组织和显微硬度的影响

利用OM,SEM,能谱分析和显微硬度等测试方法对Ti-24Al-15Nb-1.5Mo/TC11双合金焊接接头的显微组织特征及硬度进行了分析.结果表明,焊接热输人为135 kJ/m时,焊缝熔合区柱状晶由均匀密集的α'相针状马氏体和少量α相组成,显微硬度平均值为447 HV.焊接热输入增大到150 kJ/m时,熔合区α'相明显减少,焊缝TC11合金侧热影响区的短针状α+β组织变为粗大的长针状组织,Ti-24Al-15Nb-1.5Mo热影响区的β晶粒变得更粗,显微硬度平均值降为402 Hv.这主要是因为增大热输入使焊缝合金元素含量的比例发生变化,并且冷却速度下降使焊缝组织形态和分布改变,最终导致显微硬度降低.合金元素Ti,Al,Nb的含量在焊缝边界发生突变,但在焊缝熔合区达到一个新的平衡.

Abstract：

Microstructure evolution characterization of the Ti-24Al-15Nb-1.5Mo/TC11 dual alloys welded joints obtained on the condition of different electron beam heat input was studied by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, energy spectrum and micro-hardness analysis. The results show that the energy input have an important effect on the microstructure, grain size, micro-hardness and alloy elements content of welded joints. The microstructure is made up of homogeneous acicular martensite α' phase in fusion zone (FZ) and the average micro-hardness value is 447HV when heat input E = 135 kJ/m is utilized. With heat input increasing to 150 kJ/ m, the number of α'phase decreases in FZ, short acicular α + β phase become coarser in heat-affected zone(HAZ) of TC11, coarse β grains become larger in HAZ of Ti-24Al-15Nb-1.5Mo and the average micro-hardness value drops to 402HV. The result is attributed to the changed content of alloy elements and lower cooling velocity caused by increasing heat input. The content of element Ti, Al and Nb is changed abruptly in the boundary of the joint, but these elements evenly distribute in each zone and hardly diffuse.     

热输入对SAF2507超级双相不锈钢焊接接头显微组织及硬度的影响

采用显微观察、化学成分分析、硬度测定、EBSD分析的方法,研究了TIG焊接热输入对1.2 mm厚的SAF2507超级双相不锈钢焊接接头显微组织和硬度的影响机理.结果表明,在焊缝中,随着热输入由110 J/mm增加至156 J/mm,铁素体晶粒尺寸由90μm增至200μm,晶粒的粗化减少了奥氏体的形核位置,同时热输入的增...     

Influence of post-weld heat treatment on microstructure and properties in heat-affected zone of KMN steel joint

The influence of temperature during post-weld heat treatment on the microstructure and properties of KMN steel joints was investigated. The results reveal that after heat treatment, the martensite transformed to tempered sorbite, causing the softening of the resultant joints. XRD test shows that the residual austenite content decreased obviously when the joint was heattreated at 550 ℃ and 580 ℃, which degraded the impact toughness of heat-affected zone （ HAZ）. When the heat treatment temperature increased further, the dispersion strengthening from the precipitation of alloying elements improved the impact toughness of HAZ. The aggregation and coarsening of carbide also contributed to the improvement of impact toughness of HAZ.     

Effect of heat input on microstructure and properties of welded joint in magnesium alloy AZ31B

Using the optical microscope, tensile test machine and micro-hardness meter, the effect of heat input on the microstructure and mechanical properties in fusion welding joints of AZ31B wrought alloys was investigated systematically, the mechanism on joint properties losing was analyzed, and a valid method to improve joint properties of the magnesium alloy fusion welding was explored. The results show that the heat input has an obvious effect on the microstructure and properties. Under the condition of penetration, with the heat input decreasing, the crystal grain in the weld and heat-affected zone (HAZ) becomes fine, the width of HAZ becomes obviously narrow, and the molding of the weld is improved, so the tensile strength and elongation are increased and the hardness of joints is improved. When the heat input reaches 60 J/mm, the high quality joints can he gained.     

A new post-weld heat treatment to improve toughness of 9Cr-1Mo steel weld metals

9Cr-1Mo ferritic steels have been used in the conventional power generation plants due to their excellent creep resistance. However, one of the main obstacles in welding 9Cr-1Mo steels is the formation of undesirable coarse columnar grains in weld metal whieh ean severely compromise the toughness. A new post-weld heat treatment （PWHT） is developed in the present work. Unlike the conventional processes in which the post-weld heat treatment is carried out below Ac1 , the use of temperatures above the Ac1 of 9Cr-1Mo alloy is considered. The new PWHT at a temperature above Ac1 improves the toughness of 9Cr-1Mo weld metals effectively. The improvement in toughness is mainly due to refinement and homogenization of mierostruetures. Key words     

Effect of heat treatment temperature on dissimilar welded joint

The dissimilar metals 1Crl8Ni9 and 16MnR are welded by shielded metal arc welding process using electrode A312. The corrosion experiments are carried out on welded joint samples, which is as-welded and post-weld heat treatment at 650 ℃, 750 ℃ and 850 ℃, for 2 h in 70% sodium hydroxide solution. EDS and X-ray diffraction analysis are carried out on the samples after corrosion. Average corrosion rate calculation and microhardness measurement are conducted on both as- welded and post-weld heat treatment samples. The results indicate that average corrosion rate of as-welded joint metal is smaller than that of post-weld heat treatment joint metal. Compared with that of post-weld heat treatment at 750 ℃ and 850 ℃ for 2 h, the average corrosion rate of welded joint after post-weld heat treatment at 650 ℃ for 2 h increases greatly.     

Microstructure evolution and corrosion resistance in simulated CGHAZ of X80 high-deformability pipeline steel

In this study, the microstructure evolution and corrosion resistance in 0.5M Na₂CO₃-1 M NaHCO₃ solution of X80 high-deformability (X80HD) pipeline steel coarse-grained heat-affected zone (CGHAZ) with several heat input levels were investigated. It is shown that the microstructure of CGHAZ changes from bainite ferrite to granular bainite as the heat input increasing. In addition, the corrosion resistance and the stability of passive film of base material are better than those of CGHAZ with several heat input levels. Too small or too big heat input is inadvisable and better corrosion resistance of CGHAZ is attained when heat input is 30kJ/cm.     

Prediction of welding residual stress in multipass narrow gap welded pipes with large thickness

The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of post weld heat treatment （PWHT） on the distribution of residual stress in welded pipes with large thickness. The detailed pass-by-pass finite element simulation was developed to study the residual stress in narrow gap multipass welding of pipes with a wall thickness of 150 mm and 89 weld beads. The effect of PWHT on welding residual stress was also investigated by means of numerical analysis. The simulated results show that the hoop stress is tensile stress in the weld region and compressive stress in the parent metal areas adjacent to weld seam. After heat treatment, the residual stresses decrease substantially, and the simulated residual stress is validated by the experimental one. The distribution of the through-wall axial residual stress along the weld center line is a self-equilibrating type.     

异材焊接件应力腐蚀原因分析

对7020 +7020和7020 +6082合金板材进行焊接,并对2种焊接接头进行检测。使用光学显微镜对2种焊接板材的熔合区、热影响区及基材进行组织分析;使用SEM对焊接板材进行微观形貌观测和微区成分分析;结合模拟软件对焊接板材进行温度场分析。结果表明:腐蚀现象从热影响区开始,而异材焊接时7020合金一侧温度较高,冷却速率慢,导致晶粒尺寸长大,元素产生偏聚,腐蚀更严重;晶界及亚晶界上析出MgZn₂,与晶粒基体及周围贫化区形成腐蚀微电池,其电位最低优先被腐蚀,导致腐蚀在热影响区发生及扩展,使得7系焊接接头的热影响区对晶间腐蚀最敏感。     

Weldability of low-alloy steels in submersion-arc welding at high linear energies

Results of analysis of investigations of welded joints produced in welding low-alloy high-strength 07G2NDMFBT steel at linear energies up to 6 kJ/mm show that the proposed combinations of welding materials and the technology of multi-arc submerged-arc welding result in high hot-cracking resistance and high properties of the weld metal. However, regardless of the high cold-cracking resistance of the steel, in welding at high heat inputs there is a considerable degradation of the structure and the toughness of the metal in the coarse-grained region of the heat-affected zone decreases under the effect of the welding thermal cycle. Consequently, it is concluded that the weldability of this steel is limited and it is therefore necessary to apply restrictions in the practical application of the processes with high heat input.     

焊接热输入对Q690高强度桥梁钢焊接热影响区粗晶区组织与力学性能的影响

采用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机研究了16 mm厚Q690高强度桥梁钢不同焊接热输入(E)条件下焊接热影响区粗晶区(CGHAZ)的组织演变规律,研究了焊接热输入、组织和力学性能之间的关系。结果表明:Q690高强度桥梁钢CGHAZ的组织主要为板条马氏体(LM)、板条贝氏体(LB)和粒状贝氏体(GB)。随着焊接热输入的增大,LM含量逐渐减少,LB和GB含量逐渐增多,组织逐渐粗化;CGHAZ的显微硬度和-40℃冲击吸收能量均逐渐减小;当15 kJ/cm≤E≤30 kJ/cm时,CGHAZ组织为细小的LM和LB,大角度晶界(HAGB)含量较高而GB和M-A组元含量较少,显微硬度较高且冲击韧性较好。     

Numerical analysis of reverse dual-rotation friction stir welding process

A three-dimensional model of reverse dual-rotation friction stir welding （RDR-FSW） is developed to conduct the numerical simulation of heat generation and material flow during the process. The reverse rotation of the assisted shoulder and the tool pin is considered to model the heat generation rate. The predicted temperature difference between the advancing side and the retreating side in RDR-FSW is less than that in conventional FSW. There are two reverse flows during the RDR-FSW which is beneficial to the uniformity of the temperature profile. Due to the reverse rotation effects of the assisted shoulder, the predicted shape and size of thermal-mechanically affected zone （TMAZ） based on the iso-viscosity line are decreased greatly compared to the conventional FSW. It lays solid foundation for optimizing the process parameters in RDR-FSW.     

热输入对C300接头温度场及焊缝胞晶组织的影响

通过数值计算和组织观察,分析了热输入对马氏体时效钢(C300)钨极氩弧焊焊接接头温度场及焊缝胞晶组织的影响. 结果表明,试验条件下,随着热输入的增大,熔深和熔宽均增大,深色腐蚀区(HAZ2,heat affected zone 2)逐渐变宽并远离焊缝中心,上窄下宽的差异也将随之增大,760 ℃等温线距热源中心的距离基本符合r=0.465E+0.987 (mm)关系式;胞晶尺寸随着热输入的增大而增大,基本符合λ₂=3.324×E2/3 (μm)关系式,小热输入情况下适用性高. 最佳热输入不仅可以得到成形良好的焊缝,而且计算值与实测值吻合程度较高.     

Effect of welding heat input on HAZ character in ultra-fine grain steel welding

In this essay, we studied how heat input affected the microstructure, hardness, grain size and heat-affected zone (HAZ) dimension of WCX355 ultra-fine grain steel which was welded respectively by the ultra narrow-gap welding (UNGW) process and the overlaying process with CO2 as protective atmosphere and laser welding process. The experimental results show when the heat input changed from 1.65 kJ/cm to 5.93 kJ/cm, the width of its HAZ ranged from O. 6 mm to 2. 1 ram. The average grain size grew up from 2 ~ 5 pln of base metal to 20～70 um and found no obvious soften phenomenon in overheatedzone. The width of normalized zone was generally wide as 2/3 as that of the whole HAZ, and the grain size in this zone is smaller than that in base metal. Under the circumstance of equal heat input, the HAZ width of UNGW is narrower than that of the laser welding.