泡沫掺量对发泡碱激发矿渣聚合物性能和孔隙特征的影响

以水玻璃激发矿渣为胶凝材料,采用压缩空气发泡方式制备了泡沫矿渣聚合物材料,通过Image-Pro plus(IPP)表征了不同泡沫掺量下泡沫矿渣聚合物的孔隙结构特征,并研究了泡沫掺量对泡沫矿渣矿物聚合物干密度、抗压强度和导热系数的影响.结果表明:当泡沫掺量为4.45%~10.70%(质量分数)时,随泡沫掺量增加,泡沫矿渣聚合物的孔隙率增加、平均孔径及孔圆度值增大,泡沫矿渣聚合物相应的干密度、抗压强度和导热系数均呈负指数关系降低且相关性强;当泡沫掺量为4.45%~12.00%(质量分数)时,所制备碱激发矿渣聚合物泡沫材料的干密度389~1325 kg/m3、抗压强度1.12~17.81 MPa、导热系数0.0813~0.2211 W/(m·K),其综合性能优于通用水泥泡沫混凝土制品.     

掺稻壳灰泡沫混凝土的制备与性能研究

以稻壳灰作为掺合料制备了掺稻壳灰的泡沫混凝土,研究了稻壳灰含量和泡沫体积占比对泡沫混凝土干密度、湿密度、吸水率、抗压强度和导热系数的影响.结果 表明,当稻壳灰含量为0％和10％时,水泥泡沫混凝土和碱激发泡沫混凝土的干密度、湿密度、7d和28 d抗压强度、导热系数都随着泡沫体积比增大而逐渐减小,而吸水率则随着泡沫体积比增大而逐渐增加.相较于水泥泡沫混凝土,相同稻壳灰含量和泡沫体积占比的碱激发泡沫混凝土的干密度、湿密度、吸水率和导热系数都相对更小,抗压强度更大.无论稻壳灰含量为0％还是10％,水泥泡沫混凝土的导热系数都不满足规范标准要求,而碱激发泡沫混凝土的导热系数都满足规范标准要求.     

矿物掺合料对泡沫混凝土的性能影响

研究了单掺粉煤灰、矿渣粉和复掺粉煤灰与矿渣粉对干密度为400 kg/m3泡沫混凝土的抗压强度、导热系数以及吸水率的性能影响.当粉煤灰掺量为10%时,可增加抗压强度,掺量为30%时显著降低导热系数和吸水率;当矿粉掺量为20%时,可增加抗压强度和降低吸水率,但导热系数却随掺量增大而变大;当复掺粉煤灰与矿渣粉取代50%水泥,复掺比例为2:3时,能增加抗压强度和降低吸水率,导热系数随复掺比例增大而变大.在泡沫混凝土中掺加矿物掺合料,不仅可以降低水化热,还可以减少泡沫混凝土的开裂程度,该项研究成果为今后泡沫混凝土在地基保温处理、屋面保温、地暖垫层等方面提供了应用价值.     

轻质低导热气凝胶泡沫混凝土的制备与性能实验研究

以超级隔热气凝胶为填料,采用预制泡沫混合法制备了新型气凝胶泡沫混凝土,测试了其密度、导热系数、抗压强度等性能,结果表明气凝胶泡沫混凝土的密度和导热系数较普通泡沫混凝土明显减小,而且同密度等级下抗压强度优于普通泡沫混凝土和规范要求.当气凝胶添加量为13.0 kg/m3泡沫加入量为70vol％时,气凝胶泡沫混凝土的密度和导热系数分别为270.2 kg/m3和0.069 W/m·K,较普通泡沫混凝土(400 kg/m3)的密度等级和导热系数(约0.08 W/m·K)分别减小了32.5％和13.8％;还研究了泡沫和气凝胶配比对泡沫混凝土的密度、导热系数和抗压强度的影响,并拟合给出了导热系数、抗压强度和密度间的经验关系式.     

纤维/气凝胶泡沫混凝土的制备与性能研究

气凝胶因具有低导热系数、高孔隙率、轻质等优异特性而备受关注,同时还具有高疏水性及良好的吸声和减震功能.实验以气凝胶为填充材料,玻璃纤维丝为增强体,制备了一种新型超轻质纤维/气凝胶泡沫混凝土.结果 表明:玻璃纤维的掺入促进了泡沫混凝土的成型,在超轻泡沫混凝土制备过程中起到至关重要的作用.当纤维含量为0.9％时,导热系数为0.058 W/(m·K),其密度为205 kg/m3,远低于普通泡沫混凝土的导热系数(0.08～0.25 W/(m· K))与密度(300～1600 kg/m3).抗压强度为0.32 MPa,符合泡沫混凝土标准JG/T 266-2011中A03级抗压强度的要求.     

轻质泡沫混凝土性能影响因素试验研究

采用普通硅酸盐水泥、快硬硫铝酸盐水泥、矿渣和粉煤灰等原材料,通过化学发泡方法制备高性能、环保、轻质泡沫混凝土。研究发现,当普通硅酸盐水泥:快硬硫铝酸盐水泥:矿渣:粉煤灰为5:2:2:1,水胶比为0.5时,可制得干密度为250~300 kg/m~3,导热系数为0.056 W/(m.K)轻质泡沫混凝土。     

水泥品种和用量对泡沫混凝土性能的影响

分别以4种42.5水泥作为胶凝材料,使用Ⅱ级粉煤灰替代部分水泥,利用化学发泡法制备了干表观密度≤250 kg/m3的泡沫混凝土。研究了4种水泥对此种泡沫混凝土的发泡倍数、浆体稳定性、抗压强度、干表观密度、体积吸水率和导热系数的影响。试验结果表明:水泥的品种和用量对该泡沫混凝土的各种性能有着不同程度的影响,尤其是对泡沫混凝土抗压强度的影响较明显;4种水泥相比,其中,硅酸盐水泥的效果最好,硫铝酸盐水泥的效果次之,普通硅酸盐水泥的效果第三,矿渣硅酸盐水泥的效果最差。     

水泥-铁尾矿泡沫混凝土的性能研究

研究了铁尾矿掺量对水泥-铁尾矿泡沫混凝土的干体积密度和抗压强度的影响,以及孔结构对泡沫混凝土导热系数的影响.测试了泡沫混凝土的导热系数,用显微镜和图像分析软件分析了泡沫混凝土的气孔结构,建立泡沫混凝土的抗压强度与干体积密度的关系模型,分析导热系数随孔结构的变化规律.结果表明铁尾矿取代水泥后泡沫混凝土的抗压强度降低,且其影响程度随混凝土气孔率的增大而减小.泡沫混凝土的抗压强度与干体积密度呈对数关系,与铁尾矿掺量成指数关系.泡沫混凝土密度相同时,气孔孔径越大抗压强度越高.随着气孔孔径的增大,泡沫混凝土的导热系数逐渐增大;随着孔隙率的增大,泡沫混凝土的导热系数逐渐减小;当孔隙率一定时,气孔孔径越小导热系数越小.     

基于碱式硫酸镁水泥的新型泡沫混凝土的制备及性能研究

以轻烧氧化镁粉、七水硫酸镁为水泥主要原材料,利用化学发泡法制备了容重为100~500 kg/m3的碱式硫酸镁水泥泡沫混凝土(BMSCFC),研究了容重、外掺粉煤灰等对BMSCFC物理性能的影响,并且比较了相同容重下的改性氯氧镁泡沫混凝土.结果表明:随着BMSCFC 容重的增大,其体积吸水率减小、导热系数和抗压强度增大;外掺粉煤灰增强了BMSCFC抗压强度的同时降低了其保温性能,外掺粉煤灰量为轻烧氧化镁粉质量的150%时,容重为402 kg/m3,抗压强度为2.22 MPa,导热系数为0.138896 W/(m· K);与改性氯氧镁发泡混凝土相比,碱式硫酸镁发泡混凝土具有更好的抗压强度和保温性能.     

承重型泡沫混凝土的研制

利用粉煤灰、矿渣、普硅水泥、外加剂和发泡剂等原材料,采用湿热养护方式制成具有良好保温隔热性能的承重型泡沫混凝土砌块（密度为983kg/m^3,抗压强度为11.5MPa,导热系数为0.19W/（m.K）。通过系统试验得到物料合理的配比和适宜的工艺条件。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.