水泥基轻质保温材料的研制

研究了水料比、水泥、泡沫、粉煤灰和玻璃纤维等因素对泡沫混凝土表观密度和强度的影响,提高了制品强度,得到保温泡沫混凝土的优化配比:水料比0.45、水泥240kg/m3、粉煤灰60kg/m3、激发剂0.24kg/m3、减水剂1kg/m3、耐碱玻璃纤维1.5kg/m3;保温泡沫混凝土表观密度292 kg/m3、抗压强度0.54MPa、导热系数0.067 W/(m·K)。     

轻质低导热气凝胶泡沫混凝土的制备与性能实验研究

以超级隔热气凝胶为填料,采用预制泡沫混合法制备了新型气凝胶泡沫混凝土,测试了其密度、导热系数、抗压强度等性能,结果表明气凝胶泡沫混凝土的密度和导热系数较普通泡沫混凝土明显减小,而且同密度等级下抗压强度优于普通泡沫混凝土和规范要求.当气凝胶添加量为13.0 kg/m3泡沫加入量为70vol％时,气凝胶泡沫混凝土的密度和导热系数分别为270.2 kg/m3和0.069 W/m·K,较普通泡沫混凝土(400 kg/m3)的密度等级和导热系数(约0.08 W/m·K)分别减小了32.5％和13.8％;还研究了泡沫和气凝胶配比对泡沫混凝土的密度、导热系数和抗压强度的影响,并拟合给出了导热系数、抗压强度和密度间的经验关系式.     

纤维/气凝胶泡沫混凝土的制备与性能研究

气凝胶因具有低导热系数、高孔隙率、轻质等优异特性而备受关注,同时还具有高疏水性及良好的吸声和减震功能.实验以气凝胶为填充材料,玻璃纤维丝为增强体,制备了一种新型超轻质纤维/气凝胶泡沫混凝土.结果 表明:玻璃纤维的掺入促进了泡沫混凝土的成型,在超轻泡沫混凝土制备过程中起到至关重要的作用.当纤维含量为0.9％时,导热系数为0.058 W/(m·K),其密度为205 kg/m3,远低于普通泡沫混凝土的导热系数(0.08～0.25 W/(m· K))与密度(300～1600 kg/m3).抗压强度为0.32 MPa,符合泡沫混凝土标准JG/T 266-2011中A03级抗压强度的要求.     

利用气化炉渣制备轻质隔热墙体材料的研究

以气化炉渣为原料,采用挤出成型法,通过力学性能测试、物相组成和显微结构分析,研究了烧成温度和结合剂添加量等工艺条件对制备的轻质隔热墙体材料性能的影响。结果表明:烧成试样的矿物相为钙长石、石英、赤铁矿和莫来石;1000℃烧成时,添加20%(质量分数,下同)粘土可制备出体积密度为1.00 g/cm3、导热系数为0.19W/(m·k)和耐压强度为5.3 MPa的轻质烧结自保温墙体材料;添加30%粘土可制备出体积密度为1.20 g/cm3、导热系数为0.23 W/(m·k)和耐压强度达20.1 MPa的烧结自保温可承重墙体材料;添加40%粘土可制备出体积密度为1.18 g/cm3、导热系数为0.26 W/(m·k)和耐压强度达16.6 MPa的烧结自保温可承重墙体材料。     

混凝土中不同聚合物填料对其性能的影响研究

通过在混凝土中添加不同塑料替代天然砂制备了塑料混凝土并研究了其性能。由于塑料的低密度,塑料混凝土表现出了较高的孔隙率与较低的密度。与标准混凝土力学强度值相比,制备的不同塑料混凝土试件力学强度均高于标准值,并且在PS-5中达到最高,抗压强度和抗折强度分别为42.4 MPa和6.9 MPa。在导热系数方面,PS-5的导热系数为1.407 W/(m·K),低于空白样品的1.6 W/(m·K),具有较好的保温隔热性能。此外,PS-5具有较好的耐久度、较高的抗硫酸盐腐蚀性能和抗渗透性,可用于轻质非承重构件。     

聚氨酯预聚体增韧酚醛泡沫保温板的性能

研究了聚氨酯改性剂改性酚醛泡沫,测试了改性酚醛泡沫的性能,采用热重、红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜分析改性酚醛泡沫的微观结构,最终得到一种保温效果好、力学性能优异的新型酚醛泡沫。改性后酚醛泡沫具有如下特点:保温效果好,导热系数为0.030 W/(m·K);硬度大,表观密度可达40~60 kg/m3;韧性好,弯曲强度达2.1MPa,压缩强度提高16.5%,可达0.134 MPa。     

基于碱式硫酸镁水泥的新型泡沫混凝土的制备及性能研究

以轻烧氧化镁粉、七水硫酸镁为水泥主要原材料,利用化学发泡法制备了容重为100~500 kg/m3的碱式硫酸镁水泥泡沫混凝土(BMSCFC),研究了容重、外掺粉煤灰等对BMSCFC物理性能的影响,并且比较了相同容重下的改性氯氧镁泡沫混凝土.结果表明:随着BMSCFC 容重的增大,其体积吸水率减小、导热系数和抗压强度增大;外掺粉煤灰增强了BMSCFC抗压强度的同时降低了其保温性能,外掺粉煤灰量为轻烧氧化镁粉质量的150%时,容重为402 kg/m3,抗压强度为2.22 MPa,导热系数为0.138896 W/(m· K);与改性氯氧镁发泡混凝土相比,碱式硫酸镁发泡混凝土具有更好的抗压强度和保温性能.     

煅烧硅藻土对轻集料保温混凝土性能的影响

采用普通硅酸盐水泥和煅烧硅藻土制备轻集料保温混凝土,探讨了煅烧温度和硅藻土细集料(FA)质量分数对混凝土性能的影响,测试了所制备的轻集料混凝土的表观密度、孔隙率、抗压强度、弹性模量和导热系数.结果表明:煅烧温度的升高和硅藻土细集料质量分数的增加,有助于充分发挥硅藻土的火山灰活性和其微集料填充效应,提高轻集料混凝土的力学性能.当煅烧温度为850℃时,所制备的混凝土孔隙率为30％～34％,弹性模量为3.30～4.55 GPa,抗压强度为12.27～14.22 MPa,表观密度为1320～1400 kg/m3,导热系数可低至0.167 W/(m·K),满足GB/T 15229-2011对轻集料混凝土的要求.     

泡沫混凝土在建材领域研究进展

综述了泡沫混凝土的发泡剂、胶凝材料、外加剂等原料组分研究进展,介绍了泡沫混凝土在建材领域的研究应用现状。配制了钢渣泡沫混凝土,其抗压强度达到A5.0,密度达到B05的标准,导热系数小于0.1 W/m·K,说明钢渣泡沫混凝土具有较好的强度和保温性能。泡沫混凝土作为一种新型建筑多孔材料,具有体积密度小、质轻、隔热、保温、降噪、隔音等优点,通过深入研究其强度和表面开裂等方面的影响因素,提高泡沫混凝土强度,采取抑制表面开裂的措施,泡沫混凝土具有广阔的应用前景。     

细集料改性对全轻混凝土性能的影响

在轻细骨料表面喷涂不同浓度(质量浓度)憎水剂溶液对其改性处理,并通过力学性能实验及热工性能实验分析轻细骨料改性处理对全轻混凝土性能的影响.实验结果表明,憎水剂用量增加,全轻混凝土的抗压强度呈先增加而后降低的特性,而全轻混凝土的导热系数则表现为先快速降低而后基本保持不变的趋势.分析憎水剂浓度对全轻混凝土性能影响规律,结果表明,憎水剂溶液浓度为1％、憎水剂溶液与玻化微珠质量比为1∶1时,全轻混凝土各项性能表现为最优,其28 d抗压强度为12.8 MPa,导热系数为0.302 W/(m·K),与对比试件相比,抗压强度提高约30％,而导热系数基本不变.有机硅憎水剂在轻细骨料形成的一层致密的薄膜,改善了轻细骨料的表面性能,减少了混凝土总用水量.但有机硅憎水剂也增加了颗粒之间的排异性能,用量过多将导致混凝土力学性能下降.因此应选择合适的有机硅溶液浓度,尽可能高的开发混凝土强度潜能.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.