智能复合材料中FBG智能夹层的研究

光纤自诊断系统是智能复合材料结构的重要组成部分，但将光纤埋入复合材料中还存在着诸多问题．解决这些问题最有潜力的技术途径是将光纤传感器集成在一起形成一个模块化的便于埋入复合材料中的光纤智能夹层。基于FBG传感器的优点，对FBG智能夹层进行了研究。研究结果表明，智能夹层的埋入对复合材料结构的强度性能影响较小，智能夹层中FBG传感器波长偏移与应变具有良好的线性关系，可以将智能夹层埋入复合材料结构内部，利用FBG传感器网络和先进信息处理技术，建立结构损伤主动、在线和实时监测系统。     

基于光纤传感网络的复合材料结构的损伤定位评估方法

提出了利用埋入正交塑料光纤传感网络对飞机复合材料结构的损伤进行定位评估的一种方法。结果表明：利用该方法可以迅速而准确地判断出复合材料结构是否遭到了损伤以及损伤的位置,即对复合材料结构进行损伤定位评估,实现在线实时监控。     

基于数字疲劳传感器的疲劳损伤在线评估系统

为了长期有效预测大型结构的疲劳损伤,以实现在线评估,本文介绍了基于数字疲劳传感器的疲劳监测系统,该系统可以利用电阻等效原理与变幅加载等效及双疲劳计建立的计算模型得到时程载荷谱;并根据Miner线性疲劳损伤累积理论计算出桥梁测点的剩余寿命.本文以上海某大桥疲劳监测子系统为例,根据疲劳传感器采集到的数据估算测点的疲劳剩余寿命,从而实现对大型结构可靠有效的在线健康评估.     

内埋FBG传感器复合材料加筋板的固化过程及准静态压缩监测

将布拉格光纤光栅(fiber Bragg grating,FBG)传感器埋植在纤维增强树脂基复合材料加筋板结构的三角填充区,在线监测复合材料T型加筋板的固化过程与准静态压缩过程.结果表明,埋植FBG传感器的加筋板和未埋值FBG传感器的加筋板,其压缩破坏载荷基本相当.同时,内埋于复合材料加筋板三角填充区的FBG传感器可以有效监测复合材料加筋板固化过程的应变变化,固化后亦可用于实时监测结构中产生的温度和应变变化.在准静态压缩过程中,FBG传感器测得的应变值变化曲线与接触力-压头位移曲线变化趋势基本一致.FBG传感器可在不影响结构性能前提下,准确地响应复合材料加筋板在受载条件下出现的分层、开裂等损伤.     

涂层寿命预测的智能传感研究进展

综述了光纤传感技术在智能材料损伤定位评估中的应用,介绍了传感器在数据融合、结构损伤检测和识别技术等方面的最新研究进展,重点阐述了埋入式光纤传感器的工作原理和匹配机制,展望了基于多学科交叉的在线监测智能传感技术在表面涂层寿命预测中的应用前景.     

基于光纤光栅传感器的复合材料层合板冲击能量研究

复合材料结构较容易产生结构表面无法探测到的低速冲击损伤。试验利用光纤复合材料结构中布拉格光纤光栅传感器受到低速冲击后光栅中心波长随应力变化这一特性,在恒温下用布拉格光纤光栅传感器对复合材料智能结构受到的低速冲击能量给出判别,并对通过光纤光栅解调仪采集下来的低速冲击信号进行频谱分析。在计算冲击信号所有能量等级的频谱峰值后,给出可以界定能量等级的频谱峰值临界值,利用其来判别低速冲击能量等级。试验表明布拉格光纤光栅传感器可以监测复合材料受到冲击的信号,能够对复合材料结构低速冲击进行能量等级判断研究     

LPG在复合材料实时监测中的应用研究

树脂传递模塑工艺能制造出高质量和形状复杂的复合材料,目前已广泛地应用于舰船、航空航天、国内各工业等领域.在线监测在RTM中是关键环节,可以实时控制最终产品质量.作为一种新型的光纤实时传感系统,长周期光纤光栅传感器受到了越来越多的关注,本工作采用长周期光纤光栅传感器监测RTM工艺的流动前沿,详细地研究了各种工艺条件对LPFG损耗波峰的影响,探讨了LPFG在RTM工艺中的应用情况.     

光纤模斑传感器应用于在线监控复合材料工艺过程

复合材料的固化有着复杂的内部过程, 传统的工艺条件难以保障产品的质量, 发展智能化的在线监控技术是个有效途径, 在线监控系统需要有先进的传感器。研制了一种新型光纤传感器, 提出通过测量光纤末端近场模斑谱反映光纤埋置周围树脂折射率的变化。给出了利用这种传感器进行复合材料固化监测的实验结果。发现这种光纤传感器的信号能反映固化凝胶点、固化结束点及树脂粘度的最低点, 又由于光纤与复合材料的兼容性好以及装置简单、廉价、可靠性高, 因此可以应用于复合材料固化过程的在线监控系统。     

用于编织结构的光纤传感器的研究

介绍了用于编织复合材料和结构的光纤传感器,分析了它们的特点,将光纤传感器粘贴或编入编织复合材料,检测复合材料的结构的应变,对有关实验结果进行了分析,并介绍了光纤传感在编织复合材料结构健康监控和成型工艺监测中的应用。     

用于FRP固化在线监测的光纤微弯压力传感器

无论在军事还是航空航天领域,光纤传感器都是一种极具应用前景的智能化监测手段。目前,将光纤传感器用于纤维增强树脂基复合材料固化过程的监测的研究是一个热点。但由于大多数光纤传感器监测固化过程成本较高,所以还没有被广泛的应用于实际生产当中。开发了一种新型的低成本、高灵敏度、易操作的光纤传感器用于纤维增强树脂基复合材料固化过程的在线监测。光纤传感器的设计基于光纤微弯损耗原理,其监测的直接目标参量为增强纤维所构成的网络所承担的压力变化,可以进而通过Gutowski的树脂流动/纤维变形理论间接得出对于固化过程中的几个关键参量。给出了这种压力传感器的设计制作方法,测定该种传感器在静态和动态下的压力-光损耗响应曲线,分析了该传感器对环境温度与折射率变化的响应。完成了利用微弯压力传感器进行纤维增强复合材料在热压釜中固化成型过程的在线监测实验,获得了良好的结果。     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

水三相点复现的不确定度评定

水三相点是开尔文热力学温度的唯一基准点，也是ITS-90国际温标重要的定义固定点。因此，水三相点不确定度分析对整个温标的建立、温度量值传递起着至关重要的作用。近3年来，中国计量科学研究院研制出一系列高质量的水三相点容器，加强了水三相点的研究，为不确定度的分析提供了更为可靠的实验依据。同时，不确定度的分析也是客观评价新研制容器性能的一个重要指标。因此，根据实验结果对新研制容器所复现的水三相点进行了不确定度评定。评定结果表明，其扩展不确定度为0．16mK(k=2．69，P=0．99)。