超疏水超亲油Cu-Ni复合镀层的制备及油水分离应用

针对目前超疏水超亲油表面制备工艺复杂、成本高等问题,采用工艺简单、可控性强的电化学沉积法制备出不锈钢网基底超疏水超亲油表面。通过在不锈钢网表面进行铜镍共沉积,得到一种叶片状的微纳米级粗糙结构,再利用正十二硫醇乙醇溶液对镀层进行表面修饰,最终获得超疏水超亲油Cu-Ni复合镀层。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、接触角测试仪、X射线能谱仪(EDS)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)等对镀层表面微观形貌、浸润性以及化学元素组成进行表征分析。结果显示,制备的Cu-Ni复合镀层水接触角为155°±2°,油接触角为0°。对润滑油油水分离效率高达98%,且连续分离2 h后,分离效率仍高于95%,表现出稳定高效的油水分离性能。该制备方法耗时短、成本低,有潜力应用于规模化工业生产。     

超疏水泡沫铜的制备及油水分离应用研究

目的对泡沫铜进行超疏水改性,用于油水混合物的分离。方法以泡沫铜为基底,通过沉积法构筑花簇状Zn O晶体微纳米尺度的粗糙结构表面,并用十八烷基三乙氧基硅烷进行修饰,制备具有超疏水性能的泡沫铜。利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、接触角测定仪表征超疏水泡沫铜的表面形貌、化学组成以及浸润性能,同时研究了其在油水分离中的应用效果。结果所制备的泡沫铜具有超疏水表面,接触角为150?,对不同油水混合物的分离效率达到95%以上,且具有良好的耐机械摩擦性。通过调节油水混合物酸碱性,超疏水泡沫铜对酸性和碱性油水混合物分离效率略有降低,经过30次连续分离,分离效率无明显降低,接触角仍保持在130?以上,具有良好的耐久性。结论通过原位沉积法在泡沫铜表面制备出Zn O晶体,并利用低表面能硅烷进行修饰,所得超疏水泡沫铜能够有效地分离不同种类的油水混合物,经历循环分离,效率无明显降低,对于油水混合物的大规模分离具有潜在的应用价值。     

用于油水分离的超疏水氧化锌海绵的制备及其性能

针对目前油水分离材料制备工艺复杂、成本较高或性能较差的问题,利用简单的溶剂热法将纳米氧化锌涂覆在商用聚氨酯海绵的表面,随后用十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷进行改性,成功制备了具有优异的油水分离特性的超疏水超亲油聚氨酯海绵。结果表明,该油水分离材料与水的接触角可高达160°,而油滴可在2 s内被完全吸收,且对各类油品都具有较高的吸油能力,均可达自身重量25倍左右。通过对油水分离后收集的油分进行FTIR检测分析发现所制备的油水分离材料具有优异的油水分离性能。制备的油水分离材料的涂层与海绵之间具有较强的粘附力,在丙酮溶液中超声振荡9 h之后仍保持良好的超疏水特性。另外,制备的超疏水超亲油聚氨酯海绵具备较好的耐酸碱腐蚀性能和重复利用性能,在重复吸油-脱油过程200次以后仍能保持超疏水超亲油特性。     

超亲水及水下超疏油铜网的制备及其油水分离性能的研究

目的通过简单的溶液浸泡法制备油水分离铜网。方法经氢氧化钠和过硫酸钾混合溶液浸泡,制备超亲水及水下超疏油表面。利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪分析基底表面形貌及成分,利用接触角测量仪测量其润湿性能。结果铜网表面生成了微米结构的氢氧化铜,空气中水滴在其表面的接触角为0°,水中油滴的接触角高达159°,使铜网具备了在空气中超亲水、在水下超疏油的特性。通过油水分离实验发现,铜网在常温常压下对汽油、正己烷等几种不同种类油与水的混合液进行高效分离,分离效率达90%以上。经海水浸泡若干天后,铜网仍保持很高的油水分离效率,表现出较好的耐海水腐蚀性。结论实验制备的超亲水及水下超疏油铜网能够有效地分离油水混合液,且能应用到腐蚀性较强的场合中。     

激光-热处理复合工艺制备油水分离表面及性能研究

目的 研发一种高效、低成本的激光-热处理复合工艺,制备具有油水分离性能的泡沫铜表面,为石油污染的净化提供一种有效的参考方法。方法 首先利用纳秒激光在泡沫铜表面上诱导出多级微纳米结构,然后将泡沫铜放入低温烘箱中加热处理,通过调控激光参数和热处理相互作用制备出了超疏水超亲油泡沫铜表面,并使用扫描电子显微镜、光电子能谱仪和接触角测量仪,对激光加工前后泡沫铜表面的微纳结构、表面化学元素组成和油水在表面的润湿性进行了表征。结果 泡沫铜表面经纳秒激光加工后诱导生成的多级微纳结构受到包括激光扫描速率、激光加工功率和扫描间距等激光加工参数的显著影响。同时,配合低温热处理工艺,激光制备泡沫铜表面的化学成分快速转变,表面能显著降低,使得泡沫铜表面获得了超疏水超亲油的润湿特性。本工作制备的泡沫铜表面在空气中的最大水接触角为158.5°,油接触角为0°。并利用油水分离试验装置验证了激光-热处理复合工艺制备的超疏水超亲油泡沫铜表面可以使油和水选择性通过,分离效率超过90%。结论 激光-热处理复合工艺制备的具有多级微纳结构的泡沫铜表面具备优异的超疏水超亲油特性,展现出了良好的油水分离性能,有望实现海洋生态中石油污染的净化。     

镍基分支化ZnOHF表面的制备及油水分离性能

目的 解决目前油水分离材料大多存在的制备工艺复杂、设备昂贵、分离效率低、重复使用性差等问题。方法 采用水热法在镍网表面生长分支化羟基氟化锌(ZnOHF)粗糙结构,随后在表面沉积十八烷基三甲氧基硅烷(ODS)分子,得到超疏水/超亲油镍网。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT–IR)对其表面的微观形貌、组织和表面成分进行表征,利用接触角测量仪表征其静态和动态润湿性能。结果 镍网表面生长的分支化ZnOHF粗糙结构,与低表面能的ODS单分子层协同作用,使该表面对水的接触角高达158°,对油的接触角则为0°,且连续滴加油品时,油会在表面迅速铺展、渗透,并向下滴落。将不同品类的油与水混合,模拟不同情况下的油水分离效果,其分离效率均在95%以上;经过50次重复的油水分离测试后,其油水分离效率仍能保持91%,表现出良好的重复使用性能。结论 实验制备的超疏水/超亲油镍网具有制备方法简单、成本低廉、高效耐用等优点,为含油废水的处理提供了新方法。     

浸润性可转变的超疏水织物用于油水分离研究

目的制备超亲疏可逆转换实现油水分离的纺织品。方法首先利用化学镀铜的方法在涤棉织物表面构筑微米-亚微米粗糙结构,然后浸入十二酸乙醇溶液中通过低表面能物质的修饰得到超疏水织物。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能量色散X射线光谱仪(EDXS)和接触角测试仪对其表面形貌、表面元素和浸润性能进行测试。结果十二酸修饰镀铜涤棉织物具有超疏水性能,与水的接触角达到151.9°;此外,改变超疏水织物所处环境的p H可实现浸润性的可逆转变,从而达到不同密度的油与水的分离,且分离效率高达98%,分离循环次数在80次以上。结论通过化学镀铜构造粗糙表面,再用低表面能物质十二酸修饰,可成功制备超疏水织物。增大织物所处环境的p H值,可得到超亲水织物。超疏水织物和超亲水织物都可用于油水分离。     

超疏水/超亲油铜网表面的一步法制备及其油水分离应用

以紫铜网为基体材料,通过阳极氧化一步法,制备了超疏水/超亲油铜网表面,利用热场发射电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱分析仪、接触角测量仪和万能力学测试机对表面的微观结构,化学成分,润湿性和剥离强度进行表征。结果表明：当阳极氧化电压为10 V时,表面具有明显的微/纳二元粗糙结构,化学成分为豆蔻酸铜;表面上水滴接触角为153°±2.3°,且水滴在表面上的受到的粘附力极低,滚动角为7.5°,油滴接触角为0°;豆蔻酸铜牢固地附着在铜网上,表面具有良好的机械稳定性。油水分离试验表明,制备的超疏水/超亲油铜网对不同种类的油水混合液具有很好的分离效果,分离效率均达到96%以上;经过10次循环试验后,对煤油/水混合液的分离效率仍可达到90%以上,具有良好的可循环使用性。     

超亲水-水下超疏油镍镀层材料制备及其油水分离性能研究

目的 为进一步解决油水分离材料目前存在的制备成本高、制备流程复杂和药品种类繁多的问题.方法 提出一种以不锈钢网为基底,运用一步电化学沉积法制备超亲水-水下超疏油材料的方法.在电沉积的过程中,阴极表面发生还原反应生成金属Ni,通过调整制备过程中的时间、电流、温度,进一步优化参数,使阴极材料表面形成一种钟乳石状的微纳米粗糙结构.利用接触角测试仪测定其接触角,同时采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能谱仪(EDS)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对其进行表征分析.结果 制备超亲水-水下超疏油材料的最优条件为:电流0.6 A,电沉积时间23 min,温度50℃.在该条件下制备的阴极镍镀层材料,其表面在水下的油接触角(OCA)达到152°±3°,在空气中的水接触角(WCA)达到0°,表现出超亲水-水下超疏油性能.在油水分离实验中,阴极镍镀层材料对正己烷的分离效率最高,达到了99.3％,并在20次油水分离循环实验过程中保持了相对稳定的分离效率,同时表现出高效耐用的油水分离性能.结论 通过一步电化学沉积法制备出的阴极镍镀层材料具备超亲水-水下超疏油性能,且高效耐用,油水分离效率稳定,同时具备制备成本较低?制备流程简单和药品使用种类少的优点.     

不锈钢网表面润湿性的调控及其油水分离性能

采用简单的化学刻蚀法在 304 不锈钢网上构造微纳米粗糙结构,随后通过自组装技术将不同链长的脂肪酸装饰到粗糙表面,可制备出具有可控润湿性的网膜;利用接触角测量仪对表面润湿性进行测量,利用原子力显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对网膜表面的形貌和成分进行表征分析,根据长链脂肪酸改性后的超疏水超亲油特性测试油水分离性能以及重复利用性。 结果表明:不锈钢滤网表面呈现二维微纳米粗糙结构,并形成有序碳链薄膜。 通过调节脂肪酸的链长可实现亲水到超疏水的转变,接触角范围为 45° ~ 153°;油滴迅速在网膜上渗透,接触角始终为 0°。 链长越长的脂肪酸疏水亲油效果越明显,油水分离效率越高,最高达到 96%;经重复油水分离 50 次测试后,其油水分离效率仍能达到 80%以上。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.