矢量线阵MUSIC算法抗空间混叠性能研究

利用矢量线阵可以提高对目标参数估计的性能,探讨了矢量线阵MUSIC算法的抗左右舷模糊性能和抗空间混叠性能。理论研究和外场试验结果表明,矢量线阵消除了声压线阵MUSIC方位谱的左右舷模糊,在阵元个数保持不变的条件下,空间降采样时,矢量线阵MUSIC空间谱不仅提高了方位估计的精度,而且能够抗空间混叠,在相同的条件下．矢量线阵MUSIC空间谱的抗空间混叠性能明显优于矢量阵常规波束形成方法。     

拖线阵声呐若干信号处理问题分析

研究分析了拖曳式线列阵声呐（包括单线阵和多线阵）的有关信号处理方法及其性能,包括阵增益、宽带指向性函数、方位估计的性能限、目标左右舷分辨以及对模型误差宽容的波束形成方法等。指出单线阵的阵增益和方位估计精度是一个重要指标,利用多线阵的水平孔径可以区分目标的左右舷方位。结合拖线阵的湖、海试实验,说明拖线阵信号处理的工程应用情况。     

SAVSTMV波束形成算法研究

矢量阵常规波束形成(Vector array Conventional Beam Forming,VCBF)能够消除普通单线阵左右舷模糊现象,但VCBF波束宽度受到"瑞利限"的限制,不能分辨同一波束内的多个目标。矢量阵导向最小方差(Vector array STeered Minimum Variance,VSTMV)波束形成算法是一种宽带自适应波束形成算法,具有高分辨力和抗干扰性能。VSTMV波束形成直接在阵元域进行,计算量较大且稳健性差,不利于实时实现和应用。提出一种分子阵VSTMV波束形成算法(Sub-Array Vector array Steered Minimum Variance,SAVSTMV),可有效降低计算量,算法稳健性更强。通过理论研究和仿真计算,证明该算法比矢量阵常规波束形成算法具有更好的性能,有利于实际应用。     

目标方位连续性在拖线阵左右舷分辨中的应用

为了解决传统拖线阵存在的左右舷模糊问题,已经发展了双线阵和三元组集束的线列阵。这两种结构的线列阵在通常情况下都可以较好地完成使命,但在实际应用中还可能会遇到一些困难。对同时存在多个目标且舷角值比较接近时影响其左右舷分辨结果的几种情况做了分析,提出了利用多目标运动的方位连续性修正其左、右舷分辨结果的新技术,提高了上述两种结构线列阵左右舷分辨结果的准确性和抗干扰能力。仿真结果验证了新方法的有效性,并对三元组线列阵海上实验数据进行处理,结果验证了新方法的稳健性,可望应用于工程实践中。     

目标跟踪在拖线阵左右舷分辨中的应用研究

针对常规拖线阵声呐存在的左右舷模糊问题，提出了一种将平台机动与目标跟踪相结合的拖线阵左右舷分辨方法，利用镜像产生左右舷目标对，根据真实的跟踪目标及其镜像目标的速度差来自动判决目标左右舷。通过仿真分析，对于10 km距离以上的目标，不管位于左舷还是右舷，平台通过小角度转向5°，经过2个扫描周期，真实的跟踪目标与其镜像目标的速度差异将大于5 m·s^-1，可以较好地区分目标的左右舷，两个跟踪目标的方位变化差也可作为辅助参考。该方法在工程实践上具有一定的应用前景与指导意义。     

矢量水听器线阵波束图

本文研究了矢量水听器均匀线阵的采用不同方式进行波束形成的波束图,并和声压阵相应的量进行了比较.结果表明,相对于声压阵,在不增加阵孔径的前提下,利用矢量水听器阵获得的波束主瓣更窄,旁瓣更低.利用声压和振速的联合处理,去除了声压线阵方位估计中的左右舷模糊.     

本艇机动时拖曳阵的阵形估计及左右舷分辨方法

本艇机动时，拖线阵的阵形畸变非常严重，降低了拖线阵检测微弱目标的能力，利用畸变拖线阵接收到的声场数据作阵形估计，然后利用估计出的畸变阵形信息作宽带检测和目标左右舷分辨。实验数据处理结果表明，该方法可以提高畸变阵的宽带检测能力，很好地分辨目标的左右舷。     

实现最佳左右舷分辨的三线阵最佳阵间距研究

从理论上推导了三线阵最佳阵增益（最佳时-空处理）波束形成器,并给出了高斯背景噪声下三线阵最佳空-时最佳线性处理系统和三线阵次最佳空-时最佳线性处理系统框图。然后在最佳波束形成器的基础上推导了三线阵最佳左右舷分辨的阵间距,最后给出了详实的仿真结果论证理论推导。     

利用多普勒信息判断单线阵低速目标左右舷的方法研究

采用常规单线拖曳阵列作为双基地主动声呐的接收平台时,会存在左右舷模糊。常规左右舷判决方法需要声呐探测平台进行转弯等复杂机动,目标定位与跟踪的实时性和连续性难以保证。文章对利用回波多普勒效应实时判断低速目标左右舷的方法进行了研究,给出了目标低速运动的条件,并分析了多普勒响应可分辨特性与声呐平台位置、运动状态的关系。通过仿真实验验证了该方法的可行性与有效性。海试数据处理结果表明,声源船仅具漂流速度时即可通过回波多普勒信息有效判别静止浮台目标的左右舷。该方法可以作为双基地主动声呐探测与定位系统中的辅助手段。     

三元组线列阵分裂波束目标方位跟踪方法

针对单线阵进行弱目标跟踪时容易受到强目标影响的问题,将三元组线列阵进行分裂波束定向,可提高对弱目标的方位跟踪能力。通过将三元组线列阵等分为两个三元组子阵,对两个三元组子阵分别进行心形波束形成,利用各自心形波束输出进行分裂波束处理得到目标方位。与常规单线阵分裂波束目标跟踪方法相比,该方法不但能给出跟踪目标的左右舷信息,同时提高了不同舷侧存在多目标时的目标跟踪能力。对海试数据的实际处理结果表明,三元组线列阵分裂波束定向时提高了对多目标的方位跟踪能力。     

基于遗传算法的单矢量水听器多目标方位估计

矢量水听器能同时获得声场中某一点的声压标量和质点振速矢量,获得了比常规声压水听器更多的信息。矢量水听器自身是一个空间共点阵,具有一定的空间指向性,这些特点使矢量信号处理技术与声压信号处理技术具有重大差异。根据单个矢量水听器多目标分辨的数学模型,即声压和振速的偶次阶矩组成的非线性联立方程组,研究了该方程的解算方法,给出了可以使用遗传算法求解该非线性方程组的结论和计算精度。     

New absolute vector error correction technique for a transmitter/receiver module

The authors demonstrate how a transmitter (Tx), a reciprocal transmitter/receiver (Tx/Rx) signal path and two unidirectional receiver (Rx) paths can be used together with short, open, and load standards for the absolute vector error correction (AVEC) of a Tx/Rx module. Once calibrated, this Tx/Rx module can then provide accurate vector measurements of the signals that are flowing into and/or out of the test port. This novel AVEC technique is one of the key concepts in the design of a wideband absolute vector signal measurement system, which overcomes the limitations of traditional measurement instruments by combining the features of vector signal analysers, spectrum analysers, and vector network analysers. The AVEC method is validated using numerical simulation data for a simplified baseband test circuit. The AVEC technique is then extended to the calibration of wideband, high-frequency Tx/Rx modules that involve frequency up/down conversion mixers in a follow-on paper     

Extension of an absolute vector error correction technique to wideband, high-frequency measurements

The authors have previously demonstrated how a transmitter (Tx), a reciprocal transmitter/receiver (Tx/Rx) signal path and two unidirectional receiver (Rx) paths can be used together with short, open and load standards for the absolute vector error correction (AVEC) of a Tx/Rx module. Once calibrated, this Tx/Rx module can then provide accurate vector measurements of the signals that are flowing into and/or out of the test port. In order to simplify the analysis, the AVEC technique was applied to a simplified baseband circuit that did not include frequency conversion mixers in a previous paper. Now, in this paper the authors first show how the AVEC technique can be extended to the vector calibration of high-frequency receivers that involve frequency conversion mixers. The authors then show how to calibrate a system that allows for wideband absolute phase relationship measurements of periodic modulated signals, provided that the same local oscillator is employed for the two down-conversion receivers, and different radio frequencies and intermediate frequencies are employed in these receivers. This novel AVEC technique is one of the key concepts in the design of a wideband absolute vector signal measurement system, which overcomes the limitations of traditional measurement instruments by combining the features of vector signal analysers, spectrum analysers and vector network analysers.     

Vector Signal Analyzer Implemented as a Synthetic Instrument

Synthetic instruments (SIs) use the substantial signal processing assets of a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) to perform the multiple tasks of targeted digital signal processing (DSP)-based instruments. The topic of this paper is vector signal analysis from which time-dependent amplitude and phase is extracted from the input time signal. With access to the time-varying amplitude-phase profiles of the input signal, the vector signal analyzer can present many of the quality measures of a modulation process. These include estimates of undesired attributes such as modulator distortion, phase noise, clock jitter, I -Q imbalance, intersymbol interference, and others. This is where the SI is asked to become a smart software-defined radio (SDR), performing all the tasks of a DSP radio receiver and reporting small variations between the observed modulated signal parameters and those of an ideal modulated signal. Various quality measures (e.g., the size of errors) have value in quantifying and probing performance boundaries of communication systems.     

单矢量水听器二维DOA估计算法

为了减小传统声压阵的布阵规模,提高传统声压阵的测量精度,利用矢量水听器的阵列流形特性,使用阵列信号处理的原理进行二维DOA估计。将单个矢量水听器理解成一个声压水听器和三个振速水听器组成的阵列,在无需知道信号先验知识的条件下,分别采用MUSIC算法和ESPRIT算法对多个不相关的单频窄带信号的二维DOA进行了估计。仿真结果表明:在高信噪比情况下,两种算法的精度都很高,优于5阵元的声压平行线阵。利用单矢量水听器能够对信号的二维到达角进行有效估计,远小于传统声压阵的布阵规模。     

超波束(HBF)用于波束锐化

介绍了一种波束锐化技术,即超波束形成技术（Hyper Beamforming,HBF）,可以在减小波束宽度的同时抑制旁瓣,提高目标检测性能及方位估计能力。该方法结合常规空间加权可以进一步降低旁瓣,从而可以利用较小规模的基阵尺寸,实现大基阵的检测性能。文中给出了恒定束宽HBF实现所需系数,并将该方法应用于CW及FM信号处理,给出了预期的仿真结果。     

基于CRLH-TL零阶谐振特性的新型串联功分器

 结构紧凑的功分器是微波信号分离、阵列天线馈电等应用场合的重要器件．利用混合右/左手传输线（CRLH-TL）来设计小尺寸的串联功分器,并对混合右/左手传输线的色散特性进行理论分析．利用贴片电容和微带线电感设计了一种新的混合右/左手传输线,处于零阶谐振状态的混合右/左手不引入相位偏移且波长为无穷大．基于CRLH-TL的零阶谐振特性设计制作了一个工作在2.45 GHz的4路微波功分器．此功分器等幅同相地将输入功率分配到各个输出端口,输出端口位置对功率分配没有影响．使用矢量网络分析仪对该功分器进行了实验测量,结果表明：在2.20~2.65 GHz的频率范围内,功分器各输出端口功率相差在1 dB内;在2.22~2.56 GHz的频率范围内,输出端口的相位差在15°以内．测量结果与仿真结果吻合良好．该微波功分器结构紧凑,可扩展到任意多个输出端口．     

Development of a new method for making high dynamic range, vector mixer characterisations

Vector network analysers (VNAs) employ static error models that allow for the removal of static instrumentation errors, thereby enabling the accurate measurement of vector scattering parameters for devices under test (DUTs). Since standard VNA error models are inherently based on relative measurements (i.e. either the reflected or transmitted signal is measured relative to the incident signal at the same frequency), they typically do not provide information about the magnitude and phase of the signal that is input into the DUT, or the signal that is transmitted through the DUT into the second receiver. Such information is crucial for VNA measurements of frequency-offsetting DUTs like mixers. In previous papers, the authors demonstrated how the inclusion of an additional bidirectional signal path allows for the absolute vector error correction (AVEC) of a one-port transmitter/receiver module, thereby allowing for the accurate vector measurement of the signals that are flowing into and/or out of the test port. The authors show how the AVEC method can be used to calibrate multi-port systems, thereby allowing for vector measurements of mixer DUTs (MUTs).