低能电子束辐射交联改性PP/LLDPE五层共挤POF热收缩膜的性能

通过低能电子束辐射改性聚丙烯(PP)/线型低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)五层共挤聚烯烃(POF)热收缩膜,制备耐温性强、收缩温度窗口宽的POF交联热收缩膜。文中研究了辐照气氛和吸收剂量对POF热收缩膜结构、力学性能和热收缩性能的影响。结果表明,在氮气和空气气氛辐照后,POF热收缩膜的结构、力学性能和热收缩性能未有明显差别。POF热收缩膜交联度和耐温性均随着吸收剂量增加而增加。POF热收缩膜的断裂伸长率随吸收剂量增加无明显变化;拉伸强度随吸收剂量增加先增加再降低。低能电子束辐照交联改善了POF热收缩膜低温收缩性能,增宽了热收缩温度窗口。     

低能电子束辐射交联改性PP/LLDPE五层共挤POF热收缩膜的性能EI北大核心CSCD

通过低能电子束辐射改性聚丙烯(PP)/线型低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)五层共挤聚烯烃(POF)热收缩膜,制备耐温性强、收缩温度窗口宽的POF交联热收缩膜。文中研究了辐照气氛和吸收剂量对POF热收缩膜结构、力学性能和热收缩性能的影响。结果表明,在氮气和空气气氛辐照后,POF热收缩膜的结构、力学性能和热收缩性能未有明显差别。POF热收缩膜交联度和耐温性均随着吸收剂量增加而增加。POF热收缩膜的断裂伸长率随吸收剂量增加无明显变化;拉伸强度随吸收剂量增加先增加再降低。低能电子束辐照交联改善了POF热收缩膜低温收缩性能,增宽了热收缩温度窗口。     

热氧老化对聚醚醚酮结构与性能的影响

聚醚醚酮(PEEK)作为工程材料广泛应用于多个领域,研究其热氧老化规律对其材料服役优化具有重要意义。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、X射线衍射、差示扫描量热和万能拉力机等测试了PEEK片在310℃高温环境中热氧老化不同时间后化学结构及性能的变化。结果表明,在实验老化时间范围内,FT-IR谱图中未出现新的红外吸收峰;XPS谱图显示样品表面形成了氧化产物,且老化168 h的氧化程度达到最大;样品的结晶温度、熔融焓及结晶度均随着热老化时间的延长而减小,在老化504 h后结晶度降为9.7%;老化样品的断裂伸长率随着热老化时间的延长而减小,断裂应力在热老化96 h范围内呈上升趋势,随后逐渐降低。     

交联聚四氟乙烯的拉伸性能及结构研究

在温度为335℃±5℃氮气气氛条件下,利用电子束辐照制备交联的聚四氟乙烯(XPTFE)。利用拉伸试验机研究XPTFE的拉伸性能,并通过多种技术手段研究其结构变化。结果表明:与PTFE相比,XPTFE的透明度及屈服强度增加,拉伸强度和断裂伸长率降低。随吸收剂量的增加,XPTFE的拉伸强度及屈服强度逐渐增加,断裂伸长率、熔点及结晶焓降低。XPTFE具有交联的网状结构。     

聚丙烯腈纳米纤维的辐射氧化及热性能变化

采用静电纺丝法制备出平均直径300nm左右的聚丙烯腈(PAN)纤维,利用γ射线在室温及空气气氛中对PAN纳米纤维进行辐照处理,吸收剂量50~500kGy。采用红外光谱仪、X射线光电子能谱仪、差示扫描量热仪及热失重分析仪研究了辐射氧化对PAN纳米纤维结构以及热性能的影响。结果表明,辐射氧化可直接在PAN纳米纤维分子链上引入含氧官能团,有利于预氧化过程中脱氢反应的发生。同时可在室温下引发PAN纳米纤维的部分环化反应生成-C=N-共轭结构,其含量随吸收剂量的增加而增加,可有效降低环化放热峰的强度并缓和放热行为。这些结果表明辐射氧化工艺在碳纳米纤维制造领域有很好的潜在应用价值。     

电子束辐照对UNMWPE树脂结构和力学性能的影响

研究了电子束辐照超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)树脂的交联现象,探讨了不同电子束辐照吸收剂量对UHMW-PE的微观结构、力学性能和溶胀度的影响。结果表明,辐照UHMWPE的最大拉伸强度、结晶度和交联度都随着吸收剂量的增大先增大后减小,分别在10kGy、50kGy和100kGy时达到最大值47.3MPa、54.4%和1.66×10-4mol/cm3;溶胀度(SR)和交联网链平均分子量(Mc)随吸收剂量增大先减小后变大;断裂伸长率随吸收剂量的增加而变小。     

电子束辐照聚乳酸的热性能与结晶行为

研究了在辐射剂量0kGy～200kGy范围内,电子束辐照对聚乳酸(PLLA)热性能和结晶行为的影响。利用差示扫描量热(DSC)和衰减全反射红外(ATR-FT-IR)对其热行为和结构进行表征。DSC研究结果显示,辐射PLLA的Tg、Tc和Tm均随剂量的增加而稍有减小,且与剂量具有良好的线性关系;在0kGy～60kGy时,PLLA的结晶度随剂量的增加而变大;当进一步增加剂量时,其结晶度减小。ATR-FT-IR研究结果表明,辐射PLLA的链结构发生了较小程度的变化。     

核辐射对氟树脂F2313力学性能的影响

氟树脂F2313在真空、空气、氮气三种气氛条件下经5kGy-500kGy剂量γ射线辐照发生辐射交联与降解反应，对辐照样品测定结果表明，随剂量的增大F2313的平均分子量减小，凝胶含量随剂量的增大先增大，随后又减小，在50kGy时达到最大，断裂强度和断裂伸长率及断裂能与凝胶含量变化相似。三种气氛中压缩形变及蠕变应变量也是随剂量的增大而增大，空气气氛变化最大。辐照后F2313的动态力学性能也出现规律性的变化。     

热致液晶聚酯/聚醚醚酮复合纤维的制备与表征

将热致液晶聚酯(VA)与聚醚醚酮(PEEK)共混后,通过熔融纺丝制备了热致液晶聚酯/聚醚醚酮复合纤维,并对复合纤维的热性能、聚集态结构、相态结构和力学性能进行了研究。结果表明,VA的加入能够降低PEEK纤维的玻璃化温度和冷结晶温度,同时PEEK的结晶温度也随着VA的加入而升高;VA的加入有利于提高PEEK的结晶性能,使得PEEK晶粒尺寸变大,晶面间距变小,晶体更加完善,晶区取向增强;随着VA添加量的增大,VA相逐渐由球状或椭球状向微纤状变化;随着喷丝头拉伸比的增大,VA相的长径比呈现先增大后减小的趋势;添加1%和2%的VA后,复合纤维的断裂强度有少许下降,而当VA的添加量增大到4%后,复合纤维的总拉伸倍数提高,并且断裂强度有一定的提升。     

γ射线对聚酰亚胺膜结构及气体分离性能的影响

采用~(60)Co-γ射线对聚酰亚胺膜进行辐照,通过傅里叶变换红外光谱、热失重分析、压差法气体渗透性能测试等方法对聚酰亚胺气体分离膜结构、热性能和气体分离性能进行表征,考察γ射线辐照对于聚酰亚胺气体分离膜性能的影响。结果表明:γ射线辐照导致聚酰亚胺膜分子结构发生了一些改变,辐射过程中发生开环反应,辐射效应以分子链断裂为主。CO_2气体通过聚酰亚胺膜的渗透系数P(CO_2)远远高于O_2、N_2以及CH_4气体的渗透系数P(O_2)、P(N_2)和P(CH_4);吸收剂量达到50kGy时,单一气体(O_2、N_2、CO_2、CH_4)通过聚酰亚胺膜的渗透系数均达到最大值;随着吸收剂量的增加,聚酰亚胺分离膜对CO_2/CH_4体系的分离效果越来越好。     

Effects of thickness and texture on mechanical properties anisotropy of commercially pure titanium thin sheets

Simultaneous effects of thickness and texture on the anisotropy of mechanical properties and fracture behaviors of commercially pure titanium thin sheets were studied. The activation of different deformation systems, due to the split distribution of basal texture, led to mechanical properties anisotropy. The crack initiation and propagation energies, when the loading direction was parallel to the initial rolling direction, decreased with increasing thickness ranges from 0.25 to 1 mm. The changes of size, shape and distribution of dimples with increasing thickness confirmed the restriction of deformation systems and the development of triaxial stress state and plane-strain condition at the notch tip. However, in transverse-directed specimens, the energy release rate increased with increasing specimen thickness up to 0.75 mm and then decreased. The fractography of these specimens explained the simultaneous effects of thickness and texture on structural stability and high accommodated plastic deformation at the notch tip.     

Thermal expansion characteristics of PEEK composites

The thermal expansion behaviour of several fibre-reinforced PEEK composites is assessed. It is shown that thermal expansion behaviour is consistent, and changes in a predictable manner with changes in fibre type. Using a composite manufactured such that no interfacial bonding took place, it is demonstrated that compressive forces caused by differential thermal contraction of fibre and matrix are sufficiently large to dominate behaviour in a direction parallel to the fibres. This suggests that PEEK composites should be resistant to changes in thermal expansion behaviour with repeated thermal cycling, and such resistance is demonstrated for AS4/PEEK (APC-2/AS4). It is shown that conventional models for predicting laminate response from unidirectional composite properties are valid for such materials, but it is also shown that the common analytical models for calculating transverse fibre behaviour from composite properties are inaccurate.     

一种辐轮式低温支撑的热学与力学性能实验

介绍了一种特殊的辐轮式低温支撑,针对这种不同材质和辐条数量及其截面形状的辐轮式结构,分别从热学性能和力学性能两方面进行了实验研究,测量了聚醚醚酮（PEEK）和玻璃钢（GRP）两种材料的热导率以及由这两种材料组成的多种结构形式的支撑轮的热阻,对试样进行力学拉伸破坏实验,并对实验结果进行了分析与比较,给出了误差分析。实验结果表明,温度在200 K以下时PEEK材料热导率小于GRP材料,200 K以上时两者相当;支撑轮的热阻随着辐条数量和截面积的增加而减小,且实验测得的热阻是固体传热和辐射换热的综合结果;支撑轮的力学性能随着辐条数量和截面积的增加而提高,GRP材料的支撑轮径向承受载荷能力较强、轴向偏弱,而PEEK材料的支撑轮各方向上承载能力较为均匀,这主要是因为GRP材料是各向异性的。综合热性能和力学性能实验结果,PEEK材料6辐带肋结构的支撑轮是最佳选择。     

Cooling rate influences in carbon fibre/PEEK composites. Part 1. Crystallinity and interface adhesion

The effect of cooling rate on the fibre–matrix interface adhesion for a carbon fibre/semicrystalline polyetheretherketone (PEEK) composite was characterised based on the fibre fragmentation, fibre pullout and short beam shear tests. The interface adhesion was correlated to the degree of crystallinity and the crystalline morphology, as well as the bulk mechanical properties of neat PEEK resin, all of which were in turn controlled by cooling rate. It was shown that the interface bond strength decreased with increasing cooling rate; the tensile strength and elastic modulus of PEEK resin decreased, while the ductility increased with increasing cooling rate through its dominant effect on crystallinity and spherullite size. The improvement of crystalline perfection and flattened lamella chains with high crystallinity at the interphase region were mainly responsible for the strong interface bond in composites processed at a low cooling rate. The interphase failure was characterised by brittle debonding in slow-cooled composites, whereas the amorphous PEEK-rich interphase introduced in fast cooled specimens failed in a ductile manner with extensive plastic yielding.     

Annealing study of poly(etheretherketone)

Annealing of poly(etheretherketone), PEEK, has been studied for two materials cold crystallized from the rubbery amorphous state. The first material is a low molecular weight PEEK synthesized in our laboratory; the second is commercially available neat resin. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to monitor the melting behaviour of annealed samples. The effect of thermal history on melting behaviour is very complex and depends upon annealing temperature, residence time at the annealing temperature, and subsequent scanning rate. Thermal stability of both materials is improved by annealing, and for an annealing temperature near the melting point, the polymer can be stabilized against reorganization during the scan. Variations of density, degree of crystallinity, and X-ray long period were studied as a function of annealing temperature for the commercial material. Wide angle X-ray scattering was used to study the structure of annealed PEEK. An additional scattering peak was observed at higher d-spacing when annealed samples were cooled quickly.     

Laboratory characterization of directional dependence of permeability for porous asphalt mixtures

Water permeability is an important property for porous asphalt mixtures. Previous numerical modeling showed that the permeability of the porous asphalt mixtures varies in different directions and a single permeability cannot accurately evaluate the mixture’s directional permeability. To investigate the direction-dependent water permeability of the porous asphalt mixtures, a unidirectional permeameter was used to measure the permeability in twelve directions in the vertical plane (parallel to compaction direction) and twelve directions in the horizontal plane (perpendicular to the compaction direction) on two open graded friction course (OGFC) mixtures with different nominal maximum aggregate sizes, i.e., OGFC-13 and OGFC-10. Furthermore, a new multidirectional permeameter was designed which can control the rainfall intensity and adjust transverse slope to simulate the actual water flow process in pavement. The multidirectional permeability and void saturation of eight porous asphalt mixtures were determined by the multidirectional permeameter. Results show that the porous asphalt mixtures demonstrate direction-dependent permeability properties in both vertical and horizontal planes, whereas the dependence is less in the horizontal plane than that in the vertical plane. In the vertical plane, the minimum permeability occurs in the vertical direction and the maximum value occurs in the horizontal direction. In the horizontal plane, the permeability differs in different directions, but has no obvious relationship with directions. Increasing the air void content and the nominal maximum aggregate size of the mixtures can reduce the directional difference of the permeability. The void inside porous mixture cannot be entirely occupied by water when surface runoff occurs. Increasing the air void content and aggregate particle size can lead to an increase of the permeability and the void saturation in the porous asphalt mixtures.     

The effects of solvent sorption on the properties of poly(ether ether ketone)

A study has been carried out on the sorption of ortho-dichlorobenzene, N,N-dimethylformamide and water by poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK). Two types of PEEK samples have been analysed; the first in the amorphous state and the second with a high crystallinity level. The sorption and desorption curves have been determined and the effect of the solvent presence on the mechanical properties has been analysed by means of the tensile test. PEEK is affected to a different extent by the solvents studied and also by the crystallinity of the polymer. Sorption takes place only in the case of amorphous PEEK. Its effect on the mechanical properties of PEEK is explained on the basis of the two concomitant processes that are the consequence of sorption, these are: plasticization and induced crystallization.     

Mechanical and thermal expansion properties of glass fibers reinforced PEEK composites at cryogenic temperatures

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has been widely used as matrix material for high performance composites. In this work, 30% chopped glass fibers reinforced PEEK composites were prepared by injection molding, and then the tensile, flexural and impact properties were tested at different temperatures. The modulus, strength and specific elongation of glass fibers reinforced PEEK at room temperature, 77 K and 20 K have been compared. And the fracture morphologies of different samples were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed a dependence of mechanical properties of glass fibers reinforced PEEK composites on temperature. The coefficient of thermal expansion of unfilled PEEK and glass fibers reinforced PEEK were also investigated from 77 K to room temperature. The results indicated that the thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) of PEEK matrix was nearly a constant in this temperature region, and it can be significantly decreased by adding glass fibers.     

Thermal analysis studies of poly(etheretherketone)/hydroxyapatite biocomposite mixtures

Biocomposite formulations which have the potential to combine the proven mechanical performance of poly(etheretherketone) (PEEK) with the inherent bioactivity of hydroxyapatite (HA), may have a utility as load-bearing materials in a medical implant context. The effect of thermal processing on the relevant properties of the PEEK and/or HA components in any fabricated composite structure is, however, an important consideration for their effective exploitation. This paper reports the results of a detailed thermal characterization study of a series of PEEK/HA mixtures using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC). The TGA analyses show minimal weight loss for all of the mixtures and for a pure PEEK sample up to 530 °C. Above this point there is a sharp on-set of decomposition for the PEEK component in each case. The temperature at which this feature occurs varies for each mixture in the approximate range 539–556 °C. This observation is supported by the presence of exotherms in the corresponding DSC scans, in the same temperature region, which are also assigned to PEEK decomposition. The temperature at which the degradation on-set occurs is found to decrease with increasing HA contribution. The use of the modulated DSC technique allows a number of important thermal events, not easily identifiable from the data obtained by the conventional method, to be clearly observed. In particular, the glass transition temperature T_g of the polymer can now be accurately determined. Using these thermal analysis data, calculations of the % crystallinity of PEEK in the mixtures have been made and compared with that of a 100% polymer sample. From these studies it is evident that the presence of HA does not adversely affect the degree of crystallinity of the PEEK component in the mixtures of interest over the thermal range studied.     

Effects of vacuum thermal cycling on mechanical and physical properties of high performance carbon/bismaleimide composite

The aim of this article was to investigate the effects of vacuum thermal cycling on mechanical and physical properties of high performance carbon/bismaleimide (BMI) composites used in aerospace. The changes in dynamic mechanical properties and thermal stability were characterized by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. The changes in linear coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) were measured in directions perpendicular and parallel to the fiber direction, respectively. The outgassing behavior of the composites were examined. The evolution of surface morphology and surface roughness were observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Changes in mechanical properties including transverse tensile strength, flexural strength and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) were measured. The results indicated that the vacuum thermal cycling could improve the crosslinking degree and the thermal stability of resin matrix to a certain extent, and induce matrix outgassing and thermal stress, thereby leading to the mass loss and the interfacial debonding of the composite. The degradation in transverse tensile strength was caused by joint effects of the matrix outgassing and the interfacial debonding, while the changes in flexural strength and ILSS were affected by a competing effect between the crosslinking degree of resin matrix and the fiber-matrix debonding.