直升机轮毂材料用喷射成形7055铝合金性能

目的 研究一种新型直升机轮毂用材料。方法 采用喷射成形工艺制备了7055铝合金轮毂,与传统2A14铝合金材料对比分析,分析了其组织结构（晶向结构、致密度等）、宏观性能（抗拉强度、屈服强度等）、静压试验以及L-T方向断裂韧性等。结果 喷射成形7055铝合金组织为细小的等轴晶组织,合金相均匀弥散分布,无宏观偏析、疏松、孔洞等铸造缺陷,其抗拉强度比传统2A14铝合金高出33.3%,承载能力高出39.4%。结论 喷射成形7055铝合金,可有效替代2A14等传统直升机轮毂材料,改善轮毂的稳定性和安全性,推进轮毂材料的国际化水平。     

RS／PMAl－Fe－MRE耐热粉末铝合金成形工艺、组织与性能的研究

研究了ＲＳ／ＰＭＡｌ－Ｆｅ－ＭＲＥ耐热铝合金的粉末成形工艺、组织与性能的关系。粉末尺寸越小，组织越细，得到的力学性能越好。随着ＭＲＥ含量的增加，力学性能增加。同尺寸粉末合金，氦气作冷却介质时，其力学性能较氩气作冷却介质的要好。采用本试验粉末合金成形工艺制得的Ａｌ－Ｆｅ－ＭＲＥ粉末耐热铝合金，具有优异的室温及高温力学性能     

喷射成形技术在铝合金制备中的应用

介绍了喷射成形技术在超高强铝合金、高比强度和高比模量铝合金、高硅铝合金、低膨胀和耐磨铝合金、耐热铝合金、颗粒增强铝基复合材料制备上的应用.与传统工艺(普通粉末冶金、铸造)相比,喷射成形技术在铝合金的制备上体现了很大的优越性和开发潜力.     

Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系超高强度铝合金的研究现状与发展趋势

分析了近年来超高强度Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系铝合金的成分设计、工艺优化、显微组织分析、力学性能测试及微量元素的作用，对今后的发展动向提出了一些新的看法：采用传统铸造技术得到的铝合金，Zn含量的最大值在8wt％左右，抗拉强度低于700MPa；采用喷射成形技术，Zn含量最大值能够超过12wt％，同时抗拉强度可达800MPa以上，大大提高了铝合金的强度；超高强度铝合金的固溶强化相主要为MgZn2相；经回归时效处理(RRA)后，合金同时具有T6的强度和T7X的抗应力腐蚀性能；微量元素对超高强度铝合金的组织和性能具有显著的影响。     

用透射和扫描电镜观察Ni—Cr—Al合金γ‘和Cr（α）析出相

Ｎｉ－Ｃｒ－３％Ａｌ－０．２％Ｃｅ合金０．３ｍｍ细丝经５００－６００℃时效处理，用透射和扫描电镜观察组织形貌，用化学定量提取法和测定微区成分的方法确定相Ｎｉ、Ｃｒ、Ａｌ的含量，用程控图像仪测定富Ｃｒ（α）相析出颗粒大小和分布，查明了γ相沿基体９１００）面共格析出并细小颗粒状，在γ相周围析出的过饱和富Ｃｒ（α）相弥散分布在合金基体中，据此认为该合金是由γ相和富Ｃｒ（α）相复合析出强化合金基体的。     

喷射沉积Al－2．15Li－1．28Mg－1．26Cu－0．10Zr合金的显微组织与拉伸性能EI

采用新型的喷射沉积快速凝固工艺制备了Ａｌ－２．１５Ｌｉ－１．２８Ｍｇ－１．２６Ｃｕ－０．１０Ｚｒ合金，对合金的显微组织与拉伸性能进行了研究。实验结果表明，沉积态实验合金组织为大量细小、均匀的等轴晶，经热挤压后晶粒呈“砖块”状形貌特征，在晶界上不易观察到破碎氧化物。时效析出不规则形状的δ＇相粒子、球壳状β＇－δ＇复合沉淀相及Ｓ＇相。喷射沉积Ａｌ－Ｌｉ合金经１９０℃／２０ｈ时效后达到峰时效状态，此时材料的综合性能最优（σ＿ｂ＝５２８ＭＰａ，σ＿（０．２）＝４２０ＭＰａ，δ＝１２％）。与粉未冶金Ａｌ－Ｌｉ合金相比，材料的塑性明显改善。     

惯性导航仪用新型铸造铝合金研究

研究了惯性导航仪用新型Ａｌ－Ｚｎ－Ｍｇ系高尺寸稳定性铸造铝合金。新型合金为ＺＡｌＺｎ４Ｍｇ４，具有较高强度及良好的综合性能。研究了Ｚｎ、Ｍｇ、Ｃｕ、Ｔｉ及Ｚｒ等元素和热处理工艺对合金性能的影响，并测定了合金的物理性能和尺寸稳定性。     

喷射沉积Al－2．15Li－1．28Mg－1．26Cu－0．10Zr合金的显微组织与拉伸性能

采用新型的喷射沉积快速凝固工艺制备了Ａｌ－２．１５Ｌｉ－１．２８Ｍｇ－１．２６Ｃｕ－０．１０Ｚｒ合金，对合金的显微组织与拉伸性能进行了研究。实验结果表明，沉积态实验合金组织为大量细小、均匀的等轴晶，经热挤压后晶粒呈“砖块”状形貌特征，在晶界上不易观察到破碎氧化物。时效析出不规则形状的δ＇相粒子、球壳状β＇－δ＇复合沉淀相及Ｓ＇相。喷射沉积Ａｌ－Ｌｉ合金经１９０℃／２０ｈ时效后达到峰时效状态，此时材料的综合性能最优（σ＿ｂ＝５２８ＭＰａ，σ＿（０．２）＝４２０ＭＰａ，δ＝１２％）。与粉未冶金Ａｌ－Ｌｉ合金相比，材料的塑性明显改善。     

快速凝固Al-Fe基合金的组织演化和相选择

对Ａｌ－７．８３Ｆｅ,Ａｌ－５．１６Ｆｅ（ｗｔ％）两种Ａｌ－Ｆｅ快凝条带中不同冷速部位组织进行了ＴＥＭ分析,着重考察了Ａｌ－Ｆｅ快凝合金的组织演化演化及其各竞争初生相的析出次序。结果表明,Ａｌ－Ｆｅ合金快凝组织与成分及熔体的冷速有关,对一定成分的合金,当增加其熔体冷速时,亚稳ＡｌｍＦｅ相优先于Ａｌ６Ｆｅ相析出,初生α－Ａｌ相优先金属间化合物相析出,当合金中Ｆｅ含量越低,形成无一金属间化合物的相单－     

Cf／Al—4.5Cu复合材料界面微结构的研究

利用挤压铸造法制造Ｃｆ／Ａｌ－４．５Ｃｕ复合材料，并在透射电子显微镜上了分析了基界面的微观结构特征。结果表明：Ｃｆ／Ａｌ－４．５Ｃｕ复合材料界面存在ＣｕＡｌ２与Ａｌ４Ｃ３析出相，Ａｌ４Ｃ３呈细棒状，而ＣｕＡｌ２相表现为柱状、块状片状；由于碳纤维与Ａｌ－４．５Ｃｕ基体间热膨胀系数不匹配产生的热应力铸造过程中Ａｌ－４．５Ｃｕ基体产生塑性有，使得在界面附近的基体和ＣｕＡｌ２相中产生大量位错缺陷。Ａｆ／Ａ     

新型喷射成形轻质、高导热、低膨胀Si-Al电子封装材料

传统封装材料的性能已经不能满足微电子技术飞速发展的需要，为此，国内外相继采用喷射成形技术研究开发了适用于电子行业发展的新型Si-Al系列合金，这种高硅（50－70wt%)合金具有细小均匀的显微组织，以及均匀和各向同性的性能，同时具有低热膨胀系数，高热导率和低密度等特点，与普通碳化硅增强金属基复合材料（MMCs)不同，新合金可以用普通刀具进行加工，并且容易进行镀镍，铜、银和金等涂覆处理，采用上述材料已成功地制备了航空应用的微波放大器模块，比全可伐合金封装减重约30％以上，对喷射成形Si-Al合金的研究开发现状进行了简单评述。     

Spray formed and rolled aluminium‐magnesium‐scandium alloys with high scandium content

Aluminium‐magnesium‐scandium alloys offer good weldability, high corrosion resistance, high thermal stability and the potential for high strength by precipitation hardening. A problem of aluminium‐scandium alloys is the low solubility of about 0.3 mass‐% scandium when using conventional casting methods. The solution of scandium can be raised by higher cooling rates during solidification. This was realised by spray forming of Al‐4.5Mg‐0.7Sc alloys as flat deposits. Further cooling rates after solidification should also be high to prevent coarse precipitation of secondary Al₃Sc. Therefore a cooling device was designed for the spray formed flat deposits. The flat deposits were rolled at elevated temperatures to close the porosity from spray forming. Microstructures, aging behaviour and tensile properties of the rolled sheets were investigated. Strength enhancements of about 100 MPa compared to conventional Al‐Mg‐Sc alloys were achieved.     

Microstructural Features and Mechanical Properties Induced by the Spray Forming and Cold Rolling of the Cu-13.5 wt pct Sn Alloy

Copper alloys with high strength and high conductivity are an important functional material with full of potential applications. In the present investigation, a bronze with higher tin content （Cu-13.5 wt pct Sn） was prepared successfully by spray forming, the feasibility of cold roiling this alloy was investigated, and the cold roiling characteristics of this alloy have also been discussed. The results indicate that the spray-formed Cu-13.5 wt pct Sn alloy, compared with the as-cast ingot, shows a quite fine and homogeneous single-phase structure, and, therefore shows an excellent workability. It can be cold-roiled with nearly 15% reduction in the thickness per pass and the total reduction can reach 80%. The classical border between the wrought and cast alloys is shifted to considerably higher tin contents by spray forming. After proper thermo-mechanical treatment, spray-formed Cu-13.5 wt pct Sn alloy exhibits excellent comprehensive mechanical properties. Particularly, it shows a low elastic modulus （-88 GPa） and a high flow stress （over 800 MPa） after cold forming. This combination of properties is unique in the domain of metallic materials and could open new possibilities in spring technology field.     

Sprühkompaktieren – Entwicklung von Legierungssystemen und Verfahren

Spray Forming – Alloy Development and Process Improvement Today the most common magnesium wrought alloys have acceptable mechanical properties with a limited formability at room temperature. The strength decreases rapidly at temperatures above 150°C. The use of spray forming can provide new wrought alloys, with a resultant improvement in the physical and mechanical properties. Some studies have shown that spray forming techniques are attractive alternatives to improve the mechanical and physical properties of magnesium alloys for the development of new wrought magnesium products.     

Bulk synthesis of amorphous and nano‐crystalline materials by spray forming

Bulk amorphous and nano‐crystalline metallic materials have been observed to possess excellent mechanical and physical properties. The conventional process routes, to synthesize such materials, are restricted by their ability to achieve rapid solidification, which limits the dimensions of the materials produced. In the last 10–12 years, spray forming has been employed to avoid these limitations by using its capability of layer by layer deposition of undercooled droplets. The current literature indicates that the opportunities provided by this process can be effectively utilized to produce bulk materials in a single step. In this paper, an attempt has been made to bring out the developments in the synthesis of bulk amorphous and/or nano‐crystalline materials by spray forming. The effect of process parameters, droplet size distribution in the atomized spray, the thermal conditions of droplets prior to deposition and the deposition surface conditions have been discussed. It has been demonstrate that a layer by layer deposition of undercooled droplets of glass forming alloys on a relatively cold deposition surface is the suitable condition to achieve bulk amorphous/nano‐crystalline materials.     

热等静压对喷射成形TiAl基合金孔隙率的影响

着重研究了气体辅助喷射成形和离心喷射沉积形成的Ｔｉ－４８Ａｌ－２Ｍｎ－２Ｎｂ金属间化合物的孔隙率以及热等静压工艺对合金孔隙率的影响，利用Ｑｕａｎｔｉｍｅｔ图象分析仪定量测试了各种状态样品的孔隙率。结果表明，气体雾化成形合金的孔隙率约３．２９％，离心喷射盛开有合金的孔隙率约２．２０％，孔隙率的大小与喷射成形工艺密切相关。     

快速凝固耐热铝合金及其进展

简述了耐热铝合金及其制备工艺，并介绍了耐热铝基复合材料及机械合金化，喷射成型等新工艺的进展。     

镁合金及其成形工艺与应用状况

综述了镁合金的种类、特点及性能，全面介绍了包括塑性成形、半固态成形、RSP等在内的镁合金成形方法，并对镁合金在航空航天、汽车、3C等工业的应用历史及现状进行了概述，分析了镁合金目前存在的问题，指出了下一步研究的重点，并展望了镁合金的发展前景。     

The physical properties of alloys in the liquid and “mushy” states

Data on the physical properties of alloys at high temperatures are urgently needed for the mathematical modeling of high-temperature processes such as casting, welding, secondary refining, dip melting, spray forming, and metal powder production. Data are required for those properties which are involved in heat and fluid flow in high-temperature processes. Levitated drop methods have been adopted to measure the surface tensions, densities, and enthalpies of commercial alloys, and rapid, transient methods have been developed to measure thermal conductivities to avoid the problem of convection. The results obtained for the properties of commercial alloys for the liquid and mushy states are discussed.Paper presented at the Fourth International Workshop on Subsecond Thermophysics, June 27–29, 1995, Köln, Germany.