LLC resonant DC–DC converter with series‐connected primary windings of transformer

This paper proposes a zero‐voltage switching (ZVS) LLC resonant step up DC–DC converter with series‐connected primary windings of the transformer. The series resonant inverter in the proposed topology has two power switches (MOSFETs), two resonant capacitors, two resonant inductors, and only one transformer with center‐tapped primary windings. The power switches are connected in the form of a half‐bridge network. Resonant capacitors and inductors along with the primary windings of the transformer form two series resonant circuits. The series resonant circuits are fed alternately by operating the power switches with an interleaved half switching cycle. The secondary winding of transformer is connected to a bridge rectifier circuit to rectify the output voltage. The converter operates within a narrow frequency range below the resonance frequency to achieve ZVS, and its output power is regulated by pulse frequency modulation. The converter has lower conduction and switching losses and therefore higher efficiency. The experimental results of a 500‐W prototype of proposed converter are presented. The results confirm the good operation and performance of the converter. © 2014 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Design and implementation of an interleaved soft‐switching converter with output voltage doubler

An interleaved pulse‐width modulation (PWM) converter with less power switches is presented in this paper. The buck type of active clamp circuit is used to recycle the energy stored in the leakage inductor of a transformer. The zero voltage switching (ZVS) turn‐on of power switches is realized by the resonance during the transition interval of power switches. At the secondary side of transformers, two full‐wave rectifiers with dual‐output configuration are connected in parallel to reduce the current stresses of the secondary windings of transformers. In the proposed converter, power switches can accomplish two functions of the interleaved PWM modulation and active clamp feature at the same time. Therefore, the circuit components in the proposed converter are less than that of the conventional interleaved ZVS forward converter. The operation principle and system analysis of the proposed converter are provided in detail. Experimental results for a 280 W prototype operated at 100 kHz are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed converter. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Series resonant high‐voltage DC–DC converter with reduced component count

This paper proposes a novel zero‐current‐switching series resonant high‐voltage DC–DC converter with reduced component count. The series resonant inverter in the proposed topology has two power switches (insulated‐gate bipolar transistors, IGBTs), two resonant capacitors, and only one high‐voltage transformer (HVT) with center‐tapped primary windings. The power switches are connected in the form of a half‐bridge network. The leakage inductances of the transformer's primary windings together with the resonant capacitors form two series resonant circuits. The series resonant circuits are fed alternately by operating the power switches with interleaved half switching cycle. The secondary winding of the HVT is connected to a bridge rectifier circuit to rectify the secondary voltage. The converter operates in the discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) and its output voltage is regulated by pulse frequency modulation. Therefore, all the power switches turn on and off at the zero‐current switching condition. The main features of the proposed converter are its lower core loss, lower cost, and smaller size compared to previously proposed double series resonant high voltage DC–DC converters. The experimental results of a 130‐W prototype of the proposed converter are presented. The results confirm the excellent operation and performance of the converter. © 2016 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Analysis,design and implementation of a high‐voltage gain DC‐DC converter

An interleaved DC‐DC converter with soft switching technique is presented. There are two converter modules in the adopted circuit to share the load power. Since the interleaved pulse‐width modulation (PWM) is adopted to control two circuit modules, the ripple currents at input and output sides are naturally reduced. Therefore the input and output capacitances can be reduced. In each circuit module, a conventional boost converter and a voltage doubler configuration with a coupled inductor are connected in series at the output side to achieve high step‐up voltage conversion ratio. Active snubber connected in parallel with boost inductor is adopted to limit voltage stress on active switch and to release the energy stored in the leakage and magnetizing inductances. Since asymmetrical PWM is used to control active switches, the leakage inductance and output capacitance of active switches are resonant in the transition interval. Thus, both active switches can be turned on at zero voltage switching. The resonant inductance and output capacitances at the secondary side of transformer are resonant to achieve zero current switching turn‐off for rectifier diodes. Therefore, the reverse recovery losses of fast recovery diodes are reduced. Finally, experiments based on a laboratory prototype rated at 400 W are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed converter. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Analysis and Implementation of an Interleaved ZVS Converter with High Input Voltage

An interleaved half‐bridge converter is presented for high input voltage application. The features of the proposed converter are zero voltage switching (ZVS) turn‐on for all active switches, ripple current reduction at output side, load current sharing and load voltage regulation. Two half‐bridge converters connected in series and two split capacitors are used to limit the voltage stress of each power switch at one‐half of input DC bus voltage. Thus, active switches with low voltage stress can be used at high input voltage application. On the other hand, the output sides of two half‐bridge converters are connected in parallel to share the load current and reduce the current stresses of the secondary windings and the rectifier diodes. Since two half‐bridge converters are operated with interleaved pulse‐width modulation (PWM), the output ripple current can partially cancel each other such that the resultant ripple current at output side is reduced and the size of output inductors can be reduced. In each half‐bridge converter, asymmetrical PWM scheme is used to regulate the output voltage. Based on the resonant behavior by the output capacitance of MOSFETs and the leakage inductance (or external inductance) of transformers, active switches can be turned on at ZVS during the transition interval. Thus, the switching losses of power MOSFETs are reduced. The proposed converter can be applied for high input voltage applications such as three‐phase 380‐V utility system. Finally, experiments based on a laboratory prototype with 960‐W rated power are provided to demonstrate the performance of proposed converter. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Soft switching DC/DC converter with high voltage gain and less current ripple

A new soft switching three‐level converter with two DC/DC circuits in the primary side and current double rectifiers in the secondary side is presented to realize the zero‐voltage switching operation, reduce the transformer secondary winding turns and the output current ripple, and lessen the voltage rating of rectifier diodes. Two DC/DC pulse‐width modulation circuits sharing same power switches with interleaved half switching cycle are adopted in the proposed converter to reduce the current rating of transformer primary windings. Two inductors and four diodes are adopted in the secondary side to achieve current double rectifier, reduce output ripple current, and decrease the transformer secondary winding turns. Based on the pulse‐width modulation scheme, the power switchers can be turned on at zero‐voltage switching operation. Laboratory experiments with a 1.44 kW prototype are provided to verify the theoretical analysis. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A ZVS‐ZCS phase shift full bridge DC‐DC converter with secondary‐side control for battery charging applications

The output power requirement of battery charging circuits can vary in a wide range, hence making the use of conventional phase shift full bridge DC‐DC converters infeasible because of poor light load efficiency. In this paper, a new ZVS‐ZCS phase shift full bridge topology with secondary‐side active control has been presented for battery charging applications. The proposed circuit uses 2 extra switches in series with the secondary‐side rectifier diodes, operating with phase shift PWM. With the assistance of transformer's magnetizing inductance, the proposed converter maintains zero voltage switching (ZVS) of the primary‐side switches over the entire load range. The secondary‐side switches regulate the output voltage/current and perform zero current switching (ZCS) independent of the amount of load current. The proposed converter exhibits a significantly better light load efficiency as compared with the conventional phase shift full bridge DC‐DC converter. The performance of the proposed converter has been analyzed on a 1‐kW hardware prototype, and experimental results have been included.     

一种多模式变频宽输出LLC变换器

针对新能源领域对开关变换器具有宽电压增益范围的要求,提出一种多模式变频宽输出LLC变换器。该变换器原边为全桥结构,副边整流器为两级倍压结构,通过控制副边开关管的导通与截止,具有3种不同的电路模式,其增益比为1∶2∶4。各种模式对应不同的输出电压等级,采用变频控制方式,变换器可以实现50~430 V的宽输出电压范围。多种模式切换,使得变换器具有较窄的开关频率范围(65~100 k Hz)。通过合理的参数设计,变换器可以实现原边开关管零电压开通(ZVS)和副边二极管零电流关断(ZCS)。新的电路拓扑结构降低了副边二极管和副边电容的电压应力,仅为输出电压的一半。在理论和仿真分析基础上,制作了1.3 kW的实验样机。实验结果表明,该变换器可以在保证效率的同时实现宽输出电压范围,适合应用于宽输出场合。     

Analysis of the ZVS two‐switch forward converter with synchronous current doubler rectifier

A soft switching two‐switch forward converter is presented to achieve zero voltage switching (ZVS) turn‐on of switching devices. In the adopted converter, a buck‐boost type of active clamp is connected in parallel with the primary winding of transformer. The energy stored in the transformer leakage inductance and magnetizing inductance can be recovered so that the peak voltage stress of switching devices is limited. The resonance between the transient interval of two main and auxiliary switches is used to achieve ZVS turn‐on of all switches. The current doubler synchronous rectifier is used in the secondary side of transformer for reducing the root mean square value of output inductor current, transformer secondary winding current and output voltage ripple by cancelling the current ripple of two output inductors. First, the circuit configuration and the principles of operation are analyzed in detail. The steady‐state analysis and design consideration are also presented. Finally, experimental results with a laboratory prototype based on a 380 V input and 12 V/30 A output were provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed converter. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Implementation of parallel zero‐voltage switching converter with series‐connected transformers

This paper presents a parallel zero‐voltage switching (ZVS) DC–DC converter with series‐connected transformers. In order to increase output power, two transformers connected in series are used in the proposed converter. Two buck‐type converters connected in parallel have the same switching devices. The primary windings of series‐connected transformers can achieve the balanced secondary winding currents. The current doubler rectifiers with ripple current cancellation are connected in parallel at the output side to reduce the current stress of the secondary winding. Thus, the current ripple on the output capacitor is reduced, and the size of the output choke and output capacitor are reduced. Only two switches are used in the proposed circuit instead of four switches in the conventional parallel ZVS converter to achieve ZVS and output current sharing. Therefore, the proposed converter has less power switches. The ZVS turn‐on is implemented during the commutation stage of two complementary switches such that the switching losses and thermal stresses on the semiconductors are reduced. Experimental results for a 528‐W (48 V/11 A) prototype are presented to prove the theoretical analysis and circuit performance. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Novel interleaved ZVS converter with ripple current cancellation

This paper presents a zero voltage switching (ZVS) converter with interleaved pulse‐width modulation scheme. An active clamp circuit is adopted in the proposed converter to recycle the energy stored in the leakage inductor of the transformer and reduce the voltage stress of the main power switch in the converter. The ZVS feature of switches can be achieved due to the resonance during the transition interval of two power switches. Two full‐wave rectifiers with ripple current cancellation are connected in parallel at the output side to reduce the current stress of the secondary winding of transformers. Instead of the conventional interleaved forward converter, power switches in the proposed converter can perform the functions of both forward converter and active clamp at the same time. Therefore, the circuit components in the power circuit are less than that of in the conventional interleaved forward converter. The operation principle and system analysis of the proposed converter are provided. Some experimental results for a 240 W (12 V/20 A) prototype are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed converter. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种新型交错并联ZVS电流型推挽变换器

电流型推挽变换器适用于低压输入高压输出场合,但传统拓扑结构功率管工作在硬开关状态,开关损耗大、电压应力高,所需变压器匝比大。文中提出了一种新型的交错并联零电压开关(ZVS)电流型推挽变换器。所提出结构在传统拓扑基础上只需增加一个简单的箝位支路即可实现所有功率管的ZVS开通,箝位电路可有效吸收变压器漏感能量,输入并联输出串联结构可以减小原边功率管的电流应力、副边二极管的电压应力、滤波器的大小及变压器匝比。文中详细讨论了所提出变换器的工作原理、关键设计,搭建了一台800 W原理样机验证了所提拓扑的有效性。     

Hybrid DC–DC converter with high efficiency,wide ZVS range,and less output inductance

In this paper, a new soft switching direct current (DC)–DC converter with low circulating current, wide zero voltage switching range, and reduced output inductor is presented for electric vehicle or plug‐in hybrid electric vehicle battery charger application. The proposed high‐frequency link DC–DC converter includes two resonant circuits and one full‐bridge phase‐shift pulse‐width modulation circuit with shared power switches in leading and lagging legs. Series resonant converters are operated at fixed switching frequency to extend the zero voltage switching range of power switches. Passive snubber circuit using one clamp capacitor and two rectifier diodes at the secondary side is adopted to reduce the primary current of full‐bridge converter to zero during the freewheeling interval. Hence, the circulating current on the primary side is eliminated in the proposed converter. In the same time, the voltage across the output inductor is also decreased so that the output inductance can be reduced compared with the output inductance in conventional full‐bridge converter. Finally, experiments are presented for a 1.33‐kW prototype circuit converting 380 V input to an output voltage of 300–420 V/3.5 A for battery charger applications. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An improved full-bridge zero-voltage switching PWM converter usinga two-inductor rectifier

An improved full-bridge ZVS PWM power convertor using a two-inductor rectifier DC/DC power converter is presented in this paper. For this improved topology, the main devices are switched under zero-voltage (ZVS) conditions using the energy stored in the secondary filter inductors. In addition, it utilizes the low leakage inductance of a coaxial winding transformer to reset the currents in the rectifier diodes and eliminate the secondary voltage spike. The two-inductor rectifier has only one diode conduction drop in addition to frequency doubling in the output capacitor. The secondary filter size in the proposed topology is rather small. The advantages of the new topology include a wide load range with ZVS, no lost duty cycle due to diode recovery, no secondary voltage spikes, in addition to high power density and high efficiency     

A soft‐switching high step‐up DC‐DC converter with a single magnetic component

A soft‐switching high step‐up DC‐DC converter with a single magnetic component is presented in this paper. The proposed converter can provide high voltage gain with a relatively low turn ratio of a transformer. Voltage doubler structure is selected for the output stage. Due to this structure, the voltage gain can be increased, and the voltage stresses of output diodes are clamped as the output voltage. Moreover, the output diode currents are controlled by a leakage inductance of a transformer, and the reverse‐recovery loss of the output diodes is significantly reduced. Two power switches in the proposed converter can operate with soft‐switching due to the reflected secondary current. The voltages across the power switches are confined to the clamping capacitor voltage. Steady‐state analysis, simulation, and experimental results for the proposed converter are presented to validate the feasibility and the performance of the proposed converter. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种改进的ZVZCS全桥PWM变换器

针对当前零电压、零电流全桥DC/DC变换器需要在辅助电路中增加有源或有损器件及二次侧整流二极管电压应力增大的问题,提出一种改进的电路拓扑结构并对工作过程进行了分析。电路超前臂零电压工作的实现方法与其他传统电路相同,采用外加辅助电容实现;滞后臂的零电流工作条件由2个二极管和1个电容构成的辅助电路实现。辅助电路中不含有源、有损器件,不会增加电路的额外损耗,相比其他拓扑结构,具有更高效率。由于与变压器二次侧抽头并联的钳位电容数值较大,将变压器副边的电压钳位,所以不会增加二次侧的整流管的电压应力。仿真结果验证了电路分析的正确性和设计的可行性。     

双向全桥LLC谐振变换器的理论分析与仿真

将LLC谐振网络引入到全桥双向DC-DC变换器中,提出一种新型双向全桥LLC谐振变换器。该变换器主要由传统全桥双向DC-DC电路和LLC谐振网络组成。该电路可以在全负载范围内实现功率开关管的零电压开通关断和整流环节的零电流开通关断。文中介绍和分析了变换器的拓扑结构与工作原理,并通过仿真验证了理论分析的正确性。     

一种箝位软开关移相全桥电路研究

针对传统移相全桥电路存在的变压器及次级二极管电压振荡问题,提出一种在变压器初级插入一个耦合电感及箝位二极管臂的方案.该电路既能实现滞后臂开关管的零电压开通(ZVS),又能抑制变压器寄生电容和初级谐振电感产生的变压器电压振荡及伴随的次级整流二极管尖峰电压.详细阐述了电路各阶段工作过程,重点分析了耦合电感和卸能电阻的设计....     

带箝位辅助谐振支路的改进型变换器研究

移相控制零电压全桥变换器利用变压器漏感和开关管的寄身电容可实现开关管的零电压开关,为了抑制整流输出寄生振荡,可以在初级加入一个谐振电感和两个箝位二极管构成辅助谐振支路,本文将辅助谐振支路与变压器交换位置,使辅助支路与超前臂相连,不仅抑制了次级寄生振荡和电压过冲,使整流管和箝位二极管工作在软开关条件下,而且减小了箝位二极管上电流有效值,减小了次级占空比丢失和初级通态损耗。分析了改进后变换器的工作原理,并对改进前后的变换器进行了比较。实验结果验证了电路的正确性。     

基于新型箝位电路的低电压应力零电流开关半桥PWM变换器

提出一种基于新颖箝位支路的零电流开关半桥PWM变换器。与传统的不对称半桥变换器相比,该变换器在变压器的副边电路中增加了一条由辅助开关管与谐振电容串联组成的辅助支路。该变换器不仅能在整个负载范围内实现主开关管和辅助开关管的零电流开关以及所有二极管的零电压开关;而且通过无源箝位支路,消除了辅助开关管和整流二极管的电压尖峰;采用对称控制,因此变压器不存在电流偏磁,且主开关管的电压应力相等。详细分析箝位支路的工作原理和变换器的工作特性,并给出实现软开关的条件,实验结果验证了该变换器的可行性。