基于倒双谱分析的轴承故障诊断研究

将常规的双谱分析与倒谱技术相结合,提出了基于倒双谱的齿轮箱故障诊断方法。首先对齿轮箱振动信号进行双谱分析,以消除噪声的影响,再计算双谱的倒谱,对信号进行倒双谱分析,可有效提高信噪比,提取轴承的故障特征。齿轮箱轴承内外圈故障振动试验信号的研究结果表明,倒双谱分析能有效地诊断轴承的故障。     

基于声发射和ICA信号处理的轧机齿轮箱故障诊断

轧机齿轮箱传动系统是轧机系统的重要组成部分,也是较易出现机械故障的部分。轧机齿轮箱出现故障后其异常振动会严重影响轧制过程的稳定性,造成轧辊轴承损坏、轧件质量变差等不良后果。通过声发射监测技术实现振动信号的采集,并结合基于EMD的ICA信号处理方法,得出发现和诊断轧机齿轮箱各类故障的有效方法。通过对某钢厂轧机齿轮箱实测信号的分析验证了此方法的可靠性。该方法的应用极大提高了轧机系统在轧制过程中的稳定性,为实现精密轧制提供了帮助。     

齿轮箱中滚动轴承故障振动信号的提取

应用一种自适应滤波技术,即自适应谱线增强技术从齿轮箱的振动信号中提取滚动轴承故障振动信号.实例表明,该方法能够有效地排除齿轮啮合振动等干扰噪声,提高轴承故障振动信号的信噪比,有利于准确诊断齿轮箱中滚动轴承的故障.     

独立分量分析在齿轮箱故障诊断中的应用

提出了一种用于齿轮箱故障诊断的信号预处理方法.推导了基于互信息最小化的独立分量分析算法(简称ICA算法),应用确定性混合信号对算法进行了仿真验证,并将该算法应用于齿轮箱振动信号的预处理中.经3种工况下的齿轮箱振动信号的ICA分解结果分析,表明应用ICA技术后,故障信息得到了极大的增强.改变了传统的以降噪为主的故障信息增强思想,为微弱故障的有效诊断提供了一定的技术手段.     

基于形态分量分析与能量算子解调的齿轮箱复合故障诊断方法

针对齿轮箱复合故障的故障特征分离,提出了一种基于形态分量分析与能量算子解调的齿轮箱复合故障诊断方法。该方法先根据振动信号中各组成成分形态的差异,采用形态分量分析方法构建不同形态的稀疏表示字典进行故障成分分离,将齿轮箱复合故障信号分解为包含齿轮故障信息的谐振分量、包含轴承故障信息的冲击分量和噪声分量,然后分别对谐振分量和冲击分量进行能量算子解调分析,最后根据各解调谱诊断齿轮和轴承故障。算法仿真和应用实例表明该方法能有效地分离齿轮箱复合故障振动信号中齿轮与轴承的故障特征。     

振动检测在轨道车辆齿轮箱故障监测的应用研究

研究了振动检测法在轨道车辆传动齿轮箱轴承轻微故障的检测应用,根据现有振动理论,结合实际使用过程中早期齿轮箱轴承不同部位的缺陷故障信号,利用冲击振动技术采集不同故障形式振动信号,进行低通、高通过滤,调整包络处理,过滤去除干扰信号,得到与不同故障形式对应的振动信号,作为齿轮箱的故障诊断的理论依据,这项检测技术对保证行车安全具有重要意义,同时丰富了振动检测技术的实践应用案例。     

基于小波包和阶次包络谱的轴承故障诊断

研究旋转机械在变速过程中振动信号的分析方法。利用小波包提取了齿轮箱启动过程中振动信号的高频成分,并对其进行了角域重采样,在此基础上利用H ilbert包络解调得到轴承故障信息的阶次包络谱。结果显示:将小波包和阶次包络谱分析法相结合处理轴承瞬态信号时,能够有效地避免传统频谱方法无法解决的“频率模糊”现象,对轴承的早期故障有一定的识别能力,是对传统的频谱分析法的有力补充。     

基于多尺度Hermitian小波包络谱的轴承故障诊断

提出了一种基于多尺度Hermitian小波包络谱的轴承故障诊断方法。该方法综合利用了Hermitian小波和包络谱分析技术的优点,首先对轴承故障振动信号进行Hermitian连续小波变换,得到小波分解的实部和虚部,然后计算振动信号的多尺度包络谱。对齿轮箱轴承故障振动信号的分析表明,该方法在强噪声环境下能有效识别轴承内圈故障和外圈故障。     

基于CPW和SCD的行星轴承内圈故障特征提取

行星齿轮箱振动信号传递路径具有时变性,各振动分量间相互耦合和调制,拾取的信号往往比较复杂。此外,行星轴承早期故障对应的振动信号微弱,常湮没于背景噪声和较强的齿轮啮合振动信号中,使得行星轴承故障特征提取较为困难。为此,笔者提出一种基于倒谱预白化（cepstral pre?whitening,简称CPW）和谱相关密度（spectral correlation density,简称SCD）的行星轴承内圈故障特征提取方法。首先,采用CPW削弱具有严格周期特性振动分量的能量幅值,增强轴承故障分量的冲击幅值;其次,基于谱峭度算法获取与轴承故障冲击相关的谱峭度最大值时对应的解调频带参数,并获得带通滤波后复包络信号,进而消除解调频带外成分的干扰;最后,基于轴承故障的随机滑动特性,结合SCD提取行星轴承故障振动分量,进而包络谱分析提取出行星轴承故障特征。利用行星轴承内圈故障实测数据验证了方法的有效性。     

基于K-means和高斯混合模型聚类的齿轮箱故障识别研究

针对传统的基于振动信号的机械故障诊断技术过于复杂、诊断时间过长等问题,提出了结合K-means和高斯混合模型聚类方法的齿轮箱轴承和齿轮故障快速识别方法。首先,通过经验模态分解方法分解振动信号,利用相关分析选取了对振动信号局部特征表达最佳的IMF分量,IMF分量的均方根值和原始振动信号的均方根值,共同构成了振动信号特征集;然后,利用K-means算法确定了振动信号特征集的可分类别数;最后,基于振动信号特征集及其可分类别数,利用高斯混合模型聚类构造了齿轮箱运行状态的多维高斯分布函数,建立了齿轮箱在各运行状态下的从属概率模型,并根据从属概率大小,实现了齿轮箱故障的快速识别。实验和研究结果表明:针对实验环境下齿轮箱轴承和齿轮典型故障识别,基于K-means和高斯混合模型聚类的齿轮箱故障识别方法平均识别准确率为94.3%,高于基于模糊c均值聚类方法的故障识别平均准确率(84.5%)。     

SIGNAL FEATURE EXTRACTION BASED UPON INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSIS AND WAVELET TRANSFORM

It is an important precondition for machine fault diagnosis that vibration signal can be extracted effectively. Based on the characteristic of noise interfused during the course of sampling vibration signal, independent component analysis (ICA) method is combined with wavelet to de-noise. Firstly, The sampled signal can be separated with ICA, then the function of frequency band chosen with multi-resolution wavelet transform can be used to judge whether the stochastic disturbance singular signal is interfused. By these ways, the vibration signals can be extracted effectively, which provides favorable condition for subsequent feature detection of vibration signal and fault diagnosis.     

齿轮箱复合故障信号的非线性盲源分离算法研究

针对齿轮箱复合故障分析问题,文中提出一种新型非线性盲源分离（Nonlinear Blind Source Separation, NBSS）算法。该算法先利用反向传播（Back Propagation, BP）神经网络逼近非线性混合模型的逆,并对经过BP 神经网络处理后的信号进行独立成分分析（Independent Component Analysis, ICA）;然后以独立成分分析后的信号的负熵作为适应度函数,采用遗传算法对BP神经网络的参数进行寻优;最后利用优化的BP神经网络参数,对观测到的混合信号进行分解,分离出纯净的振源信号。与采用粒子群优化（Particle Swarm Optimization, PSO）算法的核独立成分分析（Kernel ICA, KICA）相比,该方法提取的分离信号具有更高的精度,为齿轮箱复合故障诊断提供了关键技术与有效方法。     

变速器状态监测及故障诊断方法

汽车变速箱是汽车的主要传动部件,准确地监测变速器运行状态和提前预估试验中可能出现的故障,对于产品改进、试验设备及人员安全及其重要。分析变速器各种零件振动信号的特征,建立基于状态监测和故障诊断的分析模型和状态监测方案。该方案可从复合振动信号中分离出齿轮的振动信号、轴不对中故障振动信号和轴承故障振动信号,能有效地诊断变速器内部零件的典型故障。     

A method for the compound fault diagnosis of gearboxes based on morphological component analysis

An improved morphological component analysis (MCA) method is proposed for the compound fault diagnosis of gearboxes. When gear fault and bearing fault occur simultaneously, the compound fault signal of the gearbox contains meshing components (related to the gear fault) and periodic impulse components (related to the bearing fault). The corresponding fault characteristics can be separated by MCA according to the morphological differences of the components. In the proposed method, the optimal dictionary, which can represent the characteristics of bearing faults, is first selected based on the principle of minimum information entropy. Then, the compound fault signal is decomposed into the meshing component and the periodic impulse component using MCA. Finally, the separated components are subjected to the Hilbert envelope spectrum analysis. The faults of the gear and the bearing can be diagnosed according to the envelope spectra of the separated fault signal components. Simulation and experimental studies validate the effectiveness of the proposed method for the compound fault diagnosis of gearboxes.     

Gearbox fault diagnosis using adaptive zero phase time-varying filter based on multi-scale chirplet sparse signal decomposition

When used for separating multi-component non-stationary signals, the adaptive time-varying filter(ATF) based on multi-scale chirplet sparse signal decomposition(MCSSD) generates phase shift and signal distortion. To overcome this drawback, the zero phase filter is introduced to the mentioned filter, and a fault diagnosis method for speed-changing gearbox is proposed. Firstly, the gear meshing frequency of each gearbox is estimated by chirplet path pursuit. Then, according to the estimated gear meshing frequencies, an adaptive zero phase time-varying filter(AZPTF) is designed to filter the original signal. Finally, the basis for fault diagnosis is acquired by the envelope order analysis to the filtered signal. The signal consisting of two time-varying amplitude modulation and frequency modulation(AM-FM) signals is respectively analyzed by ATF and AZPTF based on MCSSD. The simulation results show the variances between the original signals and the filtered signals yielded by AZPTF based on MCSSD are 13.67 and 41.14, which are far less than variances (323.45 and 482.86) between the original signals and the filtered signals obtained by ATF based on MCSSD. The experiment results on the vibration signals of gearboxes indicate that the vibration signals of the two speed-changing gearboxes installed on one foundation bed can be separated by AZPTF effectively. Based on the demodulation information of the vibration signal of each gearbox, the fault diagnosis can be implemented. Both simulation and experiment examples prove that the proposed filter can extract a mono-component time-varying AM-FM signal from the multi-component time-varying AM-FM signal without distortion.     

Detection of signal transients using independent component analysis and its application in gearbox condition monitoring

This paper addresses feature extraction of the higher-order statistics, which can effectively characterize the transients, using independent component analysis (ICA) for the one-dimensional measured vibration signal, and then proposes a novel automatic technique for detecting the transients in vibration signals with the low signal-to-noise ratio by ICA feature extraction. The basic principle of the ICA-based transient detection method is that the independent components (ICs) coefficients of the transients and the noise can be effectively distinguished by their different sparseness properties. Specifically, the proposed method mainly includes three steps: training the ICA basis features from the signal segments, denoising the sparse ICs coefficients using the shrinkage function deduced by the maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation, and reconstructing the transient segments by the shrunken coefficients through the ICA basis functions. Experimental results through the simulated signal analysis and the vibration signal analysis show that the ICA-based method is very effective for transient detection outperforming the traditional methods and is valuable for gearbox condition monitoring and fault diagnosis.     

基于改进多元多尺度色散熵的齿轮箱多通道振动信号故障诊断

齿轮箱发生故障时,其振动信号具有不平稳和非线性等特征,而常用的齿轮箱故障诊断方法大多是建立在单通道振动信号分析基础上,容易造成故障信息丢失,故而在工业生产中实用性受限。为了克服此缺陷,将多元多尺度色散熵引入到齿轮箱故障诊断当中,并改进其粗粒化方式,提出了改进多元多尺度色散熵,用以提取齿轮箱多通道振动信号的故障信息。在此基础上,提出一种基于集合经验模态分解,改进多元多尺度色散熵和遗传算法优化支持向量机的齿轮箱故障诊断方法。通过实验数据分析,并与多元多尺度样本熵、多元多尺度模糊熵等现有方法相比较,证明该方法具有更高的准确率和稳定性,且在处理短时间序列时具有明显优势。     

Bearing fault detection and diagnosis based on order tracking and Teager-Huang transform

The vibration signal of the run-up or run-down process is more complex than that of the stationary process. A novel approach to fault diagnosis of roller bearing under run-up condition based on order tracking and Teager-Huang transform (THT) is presented. This method is based on order tracking, empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and Teager Kaiser energy operator (TKEO) technique. The nonstationary vibration signals are transformed from the time domain transient signal to angle domain stationary one using order tracking. EMD can adaptively decompose the vibration signal into a series of zero mean amplitude modulation-frequency modulation (AM-FM) intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). TKEO can track the instantaneous amplitude and instantaneous frequency of the AM-FM component at any instant. Experimental examples are conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The experimental results provide strong evidence that the performance of the Teager-Huang transform approach is better to that of the Hilbert-Huang transform approach for bearing fault detection and diagnosis. The Teager-Huang transform has better resolution than that of Hilbert-Huang transform. Teager-Huang transform can effectively diagnose the faults of the bearing, thus providing a viable processing tool for gearbox defect monitoring.     

基于量子计算的独立分量分析算法及应用

将量子优化原理应用于独立分量分析中,提出了量子独立分量分析算法(quantum independent component analysis,简称QICA),针对3组特定信号进行了混合与分离的仿真实验,得到了较好的分离效果。将该算法用于齿轮箱振动信号的源分离及其故障诊断中,实验结果表明,该算法用于齿轮箱振动信号分离可以明显增强故障信息,降低齿轮箱故障诊断难度。     

Detection of signal transients based on wavelet and statistics for machine fault diagnosis

This paper presents a transient detection method that combines continuous wavelet transform (CWT) and Kolmogorov–Smirnov (K–S) test for machine fault diagnosis. According to this method, the CWT represents the signal in the time-scale plane, and the proposed “step-by-step detection” based on K–S test identifies the transient coefficients. Simulation study shows that the transient feature can be effectively identified in the time-scale plane with the K–S test. Moreover, the transients can be further transformed back into the time domain through the inverse CWT. The proposed method is then utilized in the gearbox vibration transient detection for fault diagnosis, and the results show that the transient features both expressed in the time-scale plane and re-constructed in the time domain characterize the gearbox condition and fault severity development more clearly than the original time domain signal. The proposed method is also applied to the vibration signals of cone bearings with the localized fault in the inner race, outer race and the rolling elements, respectively. The detected transients indicate not only the existence of the bearing faults, but also the information about the fault severity to a certain degree.