一种新型低功耗异步比较器的设计方法

本文利用输入数据的统计特性,设计了两种低功耗异步比较器——异步行波比较器和提前终止异步比较器.异步行波比较器从第一个不相等的数位开始停止运算,但要把结果传到最低位,消耗部分功耗.提前终止异步比较器通过修改真值表,基于新的比较单元电路和终止判断电路,在第一个不相等的数位停止运算并立即输出比较结果,节省不必要的功耗.新设计的异步比较器和用于对比的同步比较器(BCL比较器和门控时钟比较器)均用SMIC0.18μm工艺实现.仿真结果表明,提前终止异步比较器功耗最低,与同步BCL比较器和门控时钟比较器相比,在随机数据和来自LDPC解码器的数据下,分别节省了87.1%、84.5%和37.5%、28.6%的功耗.     

一种适用于通信系统的异步加-选择-比较器

介绍了一种适用于Viterbi解码器的异步ACS(加法器-比较器-选择器)的设计.它采用异步握手信号取代了同步电路中的整体时钟.给出了一种异步实现结构的异步加法单元、异步比较单元和异步选择单元电路.采用全定制设计方法设计了一个异步4-bit ACS,并通过0.6μm CMOS工艺进行投片验证.经过测试,芯片在工作电压5V,工作频率20MHz时的功耗为75.5mW.由于采用异步控制,芯片在"睡眠"状态待机时不消耗动态功耗.芯片的平均响应时间为19.18ns,仅为最差响应时间23.37ns的82%.通过与相同工艺下的同步4-bit ACS在功耗和性能方面仿真结果的比较,可见异步ACS较同步ACS具有优势.     

一种适用于通讯系统的异步加-选择-比较器(英文)

介绍了一种适用于Viterbi解码器的异步ACS(加法器比较器选择器)的设计.它采用异步握手信号取代了同步电路中的整体时钟.给出了一种异步实现结构的异步加法单元、异步比较单元和异步选择单元电路.采用全定制设计方法设计了一个异步4 -bit ACS,并通过0 .6μm CMOS工艺进行投片验证.经过测试,芯片在工作电压5V,工作频率20MHz时的功耗为75. 5mW.由于采用异步控制,芯片在“睡眠”状态待机时不消耗动态功耗.芯片的平均响应时间为19 .18ns,仅为最差响应时间23 .37ns的82%.通过与相同工艺下的同步4 -bit ACS在功耗和性能方面仿真结果的比较,可见异步ACS较同步ACS具有优势.     

一款低功耗异步FIFO的设计与实现

我们在异步FIFO(First In First Out)设计中,引入了门控时钟技术降低了控制电路和译码电路 80%的功耗;并采用位线分割技术降低了存储单元38%的功耗.利用格雷码作异步FIFO指针的控制电路,能有效消除多时钟域中的亚稳态.基于CSMC 0.6 μm标准单元库的半定制设计流程对其进行设计和实现:使用Verilog硬件描述语言,利用Modelsim进行时序和功能仿真、Synopsys DC完成逻辑综合、SE实现自动布局布线.     

基于GALS的SOC异步接口研究

基于MOUSETRAP异步流水线结构提出了一种全局异步局部同步方式下的片上系统的异步互连接口架构.为实现异步接口电路的低功耗,对其进行了晶体管级的功耗优化设计.同时,利用基于多级供电电压控制下的延时可调机制,以缓解该异步互连中匹配延时链设计困难带来工艺可移植性差的问题.该接口适用于对数据传输率和功耗有较高要求的多电压供电片上系统设计.     

门控时钟技术在RTL功耗优化上的应用

本文简单介绍了门控时钟技术应用于RTL级功耗优化的原理.针对具体的RTL实例,利用门控时钟技术实现了RTL的功耗优化.实验结果表明：在采用门控时钟技术后,设计的功耗得到了显著降低,而代价则是增加很小的芯片面积.     

一种RTL级数据通路ODC低功耗优化算法

 本文提出了一种具有高计算效率和低硬件开销的门控时钟低功耗优化算法. 该算法在RTL级搜索数据通路的不可观察性（Observability Don′t Care）. 采用RTL级逻辑信号总线ODC模型和基于路径ODC的有向图遍历模型,减少了ODC计算负荷,提升了计算效率,使ODC适用于超大规模集成电路的低功耗优化. 引入数据通路ODC条件概率作为门控信号产生的重要依据,对ODC条件概率高的通路优先插入门控逻辑,可以极低硬件开销实现高效门控时钟网络. 实验结果显示,本算法与传统ODC算法相比计算负荷平均降低8倍,功耗平均下降12.35%,面积开销平均减少13.44%.     

基于运动估计算法的PE模块的低功耗设计

基于运动估计算法的PE模块的硬件结构设计,文中提出了集群式电压调节算法,给电路分配双电压供电,相较于使用单一电压的电路,功耗减少了45.3%.在此基础上,进一步采用门控时钟技术来对电路精细化管理,取得了63.2%的功耗节省.此外,针对多电压电路结构,提出了一种新的电平转化器以获得更小的功耗和延时.     

基于FPGA的低功耗高速除法器设计

本文介绍了一种使用可编程逻辑器件FPGA和Verilog语言实现的32位低功耗高速除法器的设计。该除法器可以实现有符号数运算和无符号数运算,主要操作有移位、比较和减法操作。设计中采用了一种新的基-16算法,该算法大幅度减少了除法运算过程中的移位操作,从而提高了除法器的运算速度。在该设计中加入了门控时钟,从而大幅度减少了动态功耗。仿真和综合结果表明其功能的正确性,运行频率最高可达530.772MHz,功耗降低了55.98%。     

一种低功耗异步FIFO存储器的设计

针对传统异步FIFO功耗较高的缺点,设计一种低功耗异步FIFO存储器。通过采用对异步读写指针的前两个状态位直接比较的方法,减少格雷码向二进制转换的电路,并增加门控时钟电路,从而大大降低了存储器的动态功耗。通过软件QuartusⅡ7.2对其进行功耗估算,功耗降低了8%。用ModelSim SE 6.1b进行仿真,验证了设计功能的正确性。     

Designing asynchronous standby circuits for a low-power pager

We have designed asynchronous standby circuits for a pager decoder which dissipate four times less power and are 40% larger in size than synchronous designs. For the total pager unit this means a 37% reduction in power dissipation for nearly no additional area. The decoded chip, which apart from the standby circuits is completely synchronous, has been fabricated and was first-time-right. Two problems had to be solved to incorporate asynchronous subcircuits in a synchronous environment: synchronization and testing. A synchronization scheme is described that allows a free intermixing of asynchronous and synchronous modules and a test strategy is proposed in which the scan test facilities in the synchronous environment are used to test the asynchronous modules. One function is prevalent in the standby circuits, namely counting. In an appendix we present the asynchronous design of a so-called loadable counter whose power consumption does not depend on its size     

异步Viterbi解码器同步接口的设计

提出了一种利用异步 FIFO ( First In First Out)连接异步逻辑电路与同步逻辑电路的方法 ,并设计实现了相应的异步 FIFO电路 ,作为连接异步 viterbi解码器和其他同步逻辑电路的同步接口。对异步 FIFO的级数与异步 viterbi解码器内部的时序关系进行了分析。用逻辑仿真的动态时序分析表明 ,当同步电路时钟的周期大于 130 ns时 ,具有同步接口的异步 viterbi解码器可以与同步电路正常协同工作。具有简单接口电路的异步解码器 ,既能发挥异步电路功率效率高的优点 ,而且能嵌入同步电路系统     

Architectural Design Issues in a Clockless 32‐Bit Processor Using an Asynchronous HDL

As technology evolves into the deep submicron level, synchronous circuit designs based on a single global clock have incurred problems in such areas as timing closure and power consumption. An asynchronous circuit design methodology is one of the strong candidates to solve such problems. To verify the feasibility and efficiency of a large‐scale asynchronous circuit, we design a fully clockless 32‐bit processor. We model the processor using an asynchronous HDL and synthesize it using a tool specialized for asynchronous circuits with a top‐down design approach. In this paper, two microarchitectures, basic and enhanced, are explored. The results from a pre‐layout simulation utilizing 0.13‐μm CMOS technology show that the performance and power consumption of the enhanced microarchitecture are respectively improved by 109% and 30% with respect to the basic architecture. Furthermore, the measured power efficiency is about 238 μW/MHz and is comparable to that of a synchronous counterpart.     

The Design of High-Performance Dynamic Asynchronous Pipelines: Lookahead Style

A new class of asynchronous pipelines is proposed, called lookahead pipelines (LP), which use dynamic logic and are capable of delivering multi-gigahertz throughputs. Since they are asynchronous, these pipelines avoid problems related to high-speed clock distribution, such as clock power, management of clock skew, and inflexibility in handling varied environments. The designs are based on the well-known PSO style of Williams and Horowitz as a starting point, but achieve significant improvements through novel protocol optimizations: the pipeline communication is structured so that critical events can be detected and exploited earlier. A special focus of this work is to target extremely fine-grain or gate-level pipelines, where the datapath is sectioned into stages, each consisting of logic that is only a single level deep. Both dual-rail and single-rail pipeline implementations are proposed. All the implementations are characterized by low-cost control structures and the avoidance of explicit latches. Post-layout SPICE simulations, in 0.18-mum technology, indicate that the best dual-rail LP design has more than twice the throughput (1.04 giga data items/s) of Williams' PSO design, while the best single-rail LP design achieves even higher throughput (1.55 giga data items/s).     

Low-Power CMOS Synchronous Counter With Clock Gating Embedded Into Carry Propagation

A novel low-power CMOS synchronous counter whose clock-gating logic is embedded into a carry propagation circuit is proposed. The proposed synchronous counter operates with no redundant transitions and requires fewer transistors, minimizing the switching power consumption and silicon area as compared with conventional CMOS synchronous counters. The proposed synchronous counter consisting of 16 bits was fabricated in 0.18- $muhbox{m}$ CMOS technology. The experimental result indicates that the proposed synchronous counter achieves a power saving of 64% with 15% device count reduction.      

一种异步快速傅立叶变换处理器设计

针对一种异步实现结构的异步快速傅立叶变换处理器,给出了处理器中异步加法器的电路和异步乘法器的结构．该异步快速傅立叶变换处理器采用本地的握手信号代替了传统的整体时钟．通过对一个8点的异步快速傅立叶变换处理器电路仿真,得到该处理器的平均响应时间为31．15ns,仅为最差响应时间42．85ns的72．7％．由此可见,异步快速傅立叶变换处理器在性能方面较同步处理器存在优势。     

High-throughput asynchronous datapath with software-controlled voltage scaling

Adaptive control of the power supply is one of the most effective variables to achieve energy-efficient computation. In this paper, we describe the development of a high-performance asynchronous micropipelined datapath that provides robust interfaces across voltage domains, performing appropriate voltage level conversions and operating between stages with fanout-of-four delays differing by almost two orders of magnitude. With software-specified throughput requirements, the power supply of the datapath is scaled from 2.5 V to 650 mV using an on-chip dc-dc conversion system. Because of the asynchronous design style, the processor operates continuously during the voltage scaling transitions.