基于产品生命周期主线的绿色制造技术内涵及技术体系框架

以产品生命周期为主线,提出一种绿色制造的技术内涵流程。从产品生命周期过程技术层、绿色制造特征技术层、绿色制造评估及监控技术层、绿色制造支撑技术层四个层面对绿色制造的技术体系展开,建立一个较为系统的技术体系框架;其中,产品生命周期过程技术层由绿色设计技术、绿色工艺技术、绿色包装技术、绿色回收处理技术以及绿色再制造技术构成;绿色制造特征技术层从技术特征角度对产品生命周期过程技术层进行分解;绿色制造评估及监控技术层由绿色制造评估技术、绿色制造数据采集技术和绿色制造过程监控技术等构成;绿色制造支撑技术层由绿色制造数据库和知识库、绿色制造技术规范及标准、信息化支持技术等构成。上述框架可为当前我国绿色制造的研究和应用提供一种技术体系参考模型。     

网络化制造的内涵及研究发展趋势

网络化制造是基于网络的制造企业的各种制造活动及其所涉及的制造技术和制造系统的总称。总结了网络化制造的内涵特征体系,包括基本特征、技术特征和功能特征。在综述网络化制造的国内外研究概况的基础上,总结了网络化制造的技术体系,包括基础支持技术、信息协议及分布式计算技术、基于网络的系统集成技术、基于网络的管理技术群、基于网络的产品开发技术群和基于网络的制造过程技术群。最后论述了网络化制造的发展趋势。     

增材制造:实现宏微结构一体化制造

增材制造技术是基于分层制造原理发展而来的先进制造技术,是信息技术、新材料技术与制造技术多学科融合发展的产物,是当今世界各制造强国竞相发展的热点技术。基于增材制造材料逐点累积的成形过程,提出宏微结构一体化制造的学术观点。该方法在金属、陶瓷与复合材料的成形制造中有着其他制造方法难以替代的优势,可以实现制造短流程化,并推动大批量制造模式向个性化制造模式发展。列举近年在金属零件定向晶组织制造、光子晶体制造、生物组织器官支架制造方面的研究成果,论述宏微结构一体化增材制造技术的实现方法与工程应用,解决了传统制造技术难以解决的宏微结构一体化制造难题,给制造技术展示出全新的发展前景,为相关学科和产业发展提供有力的制造技术支撑。     

雷达先进制造技术现状与发展

雷达装备制造是武器装备制造的重要组成部分,其制造技术融合了机械制造、微波与电子器件制造、特种制造等多领域的相关技术.文中阐述了雷达先进制造技术的体系和现状,展望了应用于新一代雷达的数字化制造、微电子制造、组装互联及热管理技术、先进复合材料技术、绿色制造和智能制造技术等先进制造技术的发展方向.     

制造技术的历史回顾与面临的机遇和挑战

从社会发展、科学技术物化、工业支柱和制造系统等方面论述了制造技术的永恒性。从制造技术概念的扩展、制造技术的综合性、信息技术、工具、精密工程和纳米技术等方面分析了现代制造技术的特点。最后,从传统技术与高新技术关系、结合行业产品需要、创新、体制改革、现代制造技术发展方向、世界制造中心前景和人才培养等方面阐述了制造技术面临的机遇与挑战。     

制造业信息化技术的发展趋势

讨论了制造业信息化技术的发展趋势，指出集成制造技术、绿色制造技术、智能制造技术、网络化制造技术和大批量定制造技术等将对21世纪初期的制造业产生重大的影响，介绍了集成制造技术、绿色制造技术、智能造制技术、网络化制造技术和大批量定制技术的主要内容。     

先进制造技术及其重点发展方向

介绍了计算机集成技术、敏捷制造、并行工程、虚拟生产和可持续发展技术的含义及其发展状况。介绍了21世纪先进制造技术的重点发展方向：纳米制造技术、微型机械制造技术、智能制造技术和绿色制造技术的现状及其在制造业应用的实际意义。     

广义制造论

论述了制造技术的含义,提出了广义制造论的观点,从材料加工成形机理、制造技术的综合性和集成制造技术及其支撑环境等方面论述其概念和形成。指出工艺是制造技术的关键、是生产中最活跃的因素,而且己形成了制造科学。并从工艺理论、精密工程和纳米技术、计算机集成制造系统和并行工程、特种加工技术、快速成形制造和表面工程等方面阐述了20世纪制造理论和技术的发展,在此基础上就制造技术本身提出了一些今后发展的看法。     

制造自动化技术的回顾与展望（下）

四、２１世纪制造自动化技术的发展趋势制造自动化技术２１世纪的发展趋势可用“七化”简要描述。即领先集成化、制造智能化、制造敏捷化、制造虚拟化、制造网络化、制造全球化和制造绿色化。１．制造集成化在２０世纪,制造自动化技术已从代替人的体力和脑力劳动发展成为实现制造系统中人、机器、技术和管理等各方面的集成和优化的综合自动化技术。２１世纪,集成化仍然是制造自动化技术发展的一个重要特征和主要发展趋势,将从制造系统内部的信息集成和功能集成,发展到实现产品整个开发制造过程的集成,并步入全球制造的全局集成阶段。２…     

增减材复合制造技术应用研究

增材制造技术能快速成型几何结构复杂的零部件,并能实现多种材料拼接制造,但该技术制造的零部件几何精度和表面质量不高。传统的减材制造精度高,表面质量好,能够弥补增材制造的上述缺陷。增减材复合制造技术兼二者优势取之。本文阐述了增材制造及增减材复合制造的概况,以齿轮泵腔体加工实例说明了增减材复合制造技术的工艺,总结了增减材复合制造技术的现状及不足,提出了增减材复合制造技术需解决的关键问题,便于深入研究。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Fifth International Summer School on Screw-Theory Based Methods in Robotics

正3-11 September,2014University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy www.summerscrews.org summerscrews2014.ing.unibo.it SUMMER 20SCREWS 14In 2014,our screw-theory school comes to the world's oldest university.In early September,Summer Screws'14 will gather six experts in the application of screw theory in robotics and up to 40 participants at the University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy.The school will teach attendees how to apply existing methods and empower them to develop new ones in their own research.The basic theoretical notions will be introduced in a rigorous manner,emphasizing examples,applications,and exercises.Scholarships are available.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND VISUALISATION-A PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE

Taking the actual project of teaching and researching process for example, the relationship between the industrial engineering and product development is discussed. And use the novel visualization technology to support the industrial engineering and product development. How to use the new computer modeling and simulating technologies to support the product development and industrial engineering, is introduced especially. The support includes both domestic products and industrial systems. The visualization and computer technologies take a very important role in some system or multi-direction modeling, those technologies mentioned above can help the industrial engineers study the effect of design on the whole life circle, including the producing steps. So the engineers can avoid making the wrong decision which may cause bad effects on the whole industrial engineering.