1000MW超超临界锅炉中间点温度和汽温控制

研究了国内2类不同型式的1000 MW超超临界锅炉的中间点温度控制、主蒸汽和再热蒸汽的汽温特性、各受热面的吸热比例和煤质变化对水煤比控制的影响等问题。结果表明：蒸汽参数基本相同的1000 MW超超临界锅炉,虽然采用了不同的水冷壁结构形式、不同的受热面布置以及不同的汽温调节方式,但反映运行特性的关键技术参数的控制值基本相同;过热汽温变化特性主要表现为辐射特性;再热汽温特性主要表现为对流特性;水冷壁吸热变化对中间点温度和汽温控制起主导作用;分隔屏对汽温特性起重要作用。     

超临界锅炉的汽温特性及控制

探索了几种超临界锅炉的汽温变化特性.根据实际数据获得了不同型式超临界锅炉过热器系统吸热量变化特性都是辐射特性的结论,并论证了此结论的合理性;分析了影响超临界锅炉汽温特性的几个主要因素;分析了1000 MW超超临界锅炉采用烟气挡板与摆动式燃烧器配合调温的技术优势;提出了超临界锅炉启动过程及变压运行各阶段汽温控制的要点.     

超临界锅炉中间点温度控制问题分析

结合国内新一代600 MW超临界锅炉的实际,综合分析了超临界锅炉中间点温度的控制与水冷壁传热特性以及汽温调节的关系,对超临界锅炉工质的热物理特性、水冷壁的类膜态沸腾、管壁过热以及汽温调节等相关问题进行了比较深入地理论分析。     

超超临界二次再热直流锅炉水冷壁水动力特性研究

针对超超临界二次再热直流锅炉水冷壁的结构特点,将水冷壁划分为由压力节点和管组构成的汽水网络系统。根据质量守恒、动量守恒和能量守恒定律,建立了超超临界二次再热直流锅炉水冷壁压降、流量及出口汽温的计算模型。在此基础上,对某电厂1 000 MW超超临界二次再热螺旋管圈直流锅炉在不同负荷时上升系统的总压降、流量分配及上下炉膛水冷壁工质汽温进行了计算。计算结果表明:下炉膛水冷壁流量分配较为均匀,上炉膛水冷壁呈现出正流量响应特性,低负荷时工质温度出现"吸热平坦区",各面墙中部出口汽温最高。     

超临界锅炉全负荷变压运行的中间点温度设计

超临界机组全负荷变压运行使锅炉水冷壁在额定负荷与低负荷区的吸热分配差距扩大,过热器超温加剧。针对此问题,计算分析了660 MW超临界锅炉在机组全负荷变压运行的汽水参数变化和汽水系统热量分配关系。提出了在低负荷汽水相变区应适度降低中间点温度,并降低屏式过热器进口汽温,以解决低负荷变压运行中频繁出现的超温问题的方法;提出了缓减水冷壁在不同运行压力区吸热需求矛盾的方法是在低负荷区减少水冷壁的吸热量,增加过热器系统的吸热量,保持比较平稳的中间点汽水焓。可供开发700℃级超超临界机组及锅炉技术参考。     

超临界锅炉水冷壁工质温度的控制

分析了600MW超临界锅炉下辐射区水冷壁出口工质温度与水冷壁安全性和汽温调节的关系。系统地分析了超临界压力下水和水蒸汽的热物性和在燃用不同煤质对下辐射区水冷壁出口和中间点工质温度的影响。指出水冷壁辐射传热量变化和工质热物性剧烈变化是决定水冷壁工质温度的主要因素，另外，还包括省煤器出口工质温度、蒸发系统的储热量、直吹式磨煤系统调节动态响应特性等。提出了超临界锅炉汽温调节和煤水比调节应注意的几个主要问题。     

1000 MW超超临界塔式锅炉水冷壁水动力特性计算及壁温分布研究

针对某电厂1 000 MW超超临界塔式锅炉结构特点,采用流动网络系统,根据质量、动量、能量守恒方程,建立了适用于超超临界塔式锅炉水冷壁水动力计算的模型。水动力计算结果得到：某电厂1 000 MW超超临界塔式锅炉在1 000 MW负荷、750 MW负荷和400 MW负荷下,压降计算结果与实炉数据吻合,并且,程序计算得到的上下炉膛出口汽温与某电厂实际运行数据整体上也比较符合。计算结果表明：下炉膛和上炉膛的水冷壁内壁温度、外壁温度、中间点壁温与鳍片温度均处于材料许用范围之内,水冷壁运行是安全可靠的。并对锅炉在400 MW低负荷运行时的流动稳定特性进行了计算校核,校核计算表明：在400 MW负荷下,流动处于稳定区,水冷壁不会发生流动不稳定性。     

《动力工程》2007年第3期Ei收录论文

冯伟忠:1000 MW超超临界汽轮机蒸汽参数的优化及讨论(P305);王坤等:基于弹塑性理论的汽轮机转子应力在线监测模型(P310);李军等:汽轮机动叶顶部间隙泄漏流动特性的数值模拟(P314);李祥晟等:燃气轮机燃烧室振荡被动控制方法的数值研究(P318);马文通等:基于平均微元级特性的压气机特性线外推方法(P323);胡琦等:大型汽轮发电机组基础的优化设计(P327);樊泉桂:1000 MW超超临界锅炉中间点温度和汽温控制(P332);吕俊复等:循环流化床锅炉水冷壁的热流密度分布(P336);孟德润等:200MW水煤浆锅炉的低NOx燃烧试验(P341);唐强等:低热值煤层气燃烧…     

超临界600MW锅炉汽温控制分析

介绍AGC负荷指令频繁变动、中间点温度修正控制器、水冷壁后墙悬吊管金属温度、煤质变化、给水泵再循环在低负荷阶段及减温调节设备等,对超临界600MW锅炉主汽温、再热汽温影响的原因与控制难点。总结了运行控制措施,并为设备进一步整改、热工控制系统的进一步优化提供参考依据。     

1000 MW二次再热超超临界锅炉水动力及流动不稳定性计算分析

国电泰州电厂的1 000 MW超超临界二次再热塔式锅炉为单炉膛布置。由于超超临界二次再热锅炉汽水流程复杂,工质温度水平较高,容易出现水冷壁超温现象。锅炉在低负荷运行时,省煤器出口工质欠焓减小,容易造成工质汽化以及流动不稳定现象。采用流动网络系统的水动力计算模型,对锅炉在不同负荷时上、下炉膛水冷壁出口汽温进行了计算,与实炉数据进行了比较,并对30%THA负荷进行了流动不稳定性校核。计算结果表明:100%负荷及75%负荷时,上、下炉膛水冷壁出口汽温运行偏差低于设计编差;施加热负荷扰动后流量在一定时间后能恢复稳定,锅炉水冷壁的运行是安全稳定的。由此表明所建立的1 000 MW超超临界二次再热塔式锅炉水动力计算模型和所开发的程序是可靠的,研究结果为超超临界二次再热锅炉设计提供了参考。     

基于动态特性机理分析的带再热汽温状态观测器控制系统的研究

针对火电厂锅炉再热汽温具有大滞后、大惯性及动态特性随工况变化的特性,在对某超临界600MW机组再热器动态特性进行机理分析的基础上,提出了带再热汽温状态观测器的反馈控制系统设计和参数计算方法.仿真结果表明:与单回路控制策略相比,再热汽温控制系统采用状态变量反馈-前馈-PI相结合的控制策略时,具有较好的控制品质、较强的快速响应性及抗干扰能力.     

1000MW塔式直流锅炉炉膛水冷壁管壁温度和热负荷分布的试验研究

对2台1 000MW超超临界压力塔式直流锅炉炉膛水冷壁管壁温度和热负荷分布进行了测量和计算,并对不同负荷工况、不同磨煤机投运方式下的热负荷和管壁温度分布规律以及炉膛上部垂直水冷壁的热负荷分布进行了分析.结果表明:1 000MW塔式直流锅炉炉膛热负荷的分布规律与其他四角切圆燃烧锅炉炉膛热负荷的分布规律基本一致.由于在最上层的燃烧器上方布置了燃尽风,对炉内烟气的扰动加强,导致沿管长方向的热负荷在54m标高处波动较大;在燃尽风喷嘴中心线以上,因受到燃尽风进入炉膛的影响,水冷壁热负荷大幅度下降.为了避免炉膛大比热区传热恶化,可以将处于拟临界点附近的水冷壁布置在低热负荷区域.     

基于调门节流的二次再热机组负荷响应特性研究

针对超超临界二次再热机组并网运行过程中存在负荷快速响应能力不足的问题,以1000MW超超临界二次再热机组为研究对象,基于LabVIEW软件,开发超超临界二次再热机组动态仿真试验平台,仿真分析基于调门节流方式的二次再热机组负荷动态响应特性,并与一次再热机组进行对比。分析结果表明:在相同的阀位指令下,二次再热机组的负荷响应能力滞后于一次再热机组,为满足电网的AGC和一次调频的考核,二次再热机组需预留较大比例的主汽压力节流运行。     

1000 MW ultra-supercritical turbine steam parameter optimization

The 2 × 1000 MW ultra-supercritical steam turbine of Shanghai Waigaoqiao Phase III project, which uses grid frequency regulation and overload control through an overload valve, is manufactured by Shanghai Turbine Company using Siemens technology. Through optimization, the steam pressure is regarded as the criterion between constant pressure and sliding pressure operation. At high circulating water temperature, the turbine overload valve is kept closed when the unit load is lower than 1000 MW while at other circulating water temperatures the turbine can run in sliding pressure operation when the unit load is higher than 1000 MW and the pressure is lower than 27 MPa This increases the unit operation efficiency. The 3D bending technology in the critical piping helps to reduce the project investment and minimize the reheat system pressure drop which improves the unit operation efficiency and safety. By choosing lower circulating water design temperature and by setting the individual Boiler Feedwater Turbine condenser to reduce the exhaust steam flow and the heat load to the main condenser, the unit average back pressure and the terminal temperature difference are minimized. Therefore, the unit heat efficiency is increased.     

660MW超超临界直流锅炉降压法吹管汽温控制分析

本文结合江西新昌电厂新建工程2×660 MW超超临界直流锅炉起动调试阶段不熄火降压法吹管的情况,对影响汽温的一些关键因素进行了分析和总结,为防止类似的超超临界直流锅炉降压吹管出现汽温超温情况提供一些参考.     

基于内模控制器的再热汽温控制应用

再热汽温控制始终是火电厂运行控制的难点,减少再热器减温水的用量对提高机组的热经济性有十分重要的意义。文中采用燃烧器摆角和再热器喷水减温联合调整再热汽温的控制策略,其中燃烧器摆角调节控制器采用内模控制器IMC以提高其控制性能。在某电厂300MW机组上进行再热汽温优化控制系统试验,试验结果表明IMC内模控制器更好地解决大时滞问题,联合控制策略可极大地降低减温水投放量。     

Coupled Heat Transfer Simulation of the Spiral Water Wall in a Double Reheat Ultra-supercritical Boiler

This paper presented a coupled heat transfer model combining the combustion in the furnace and the ultra-supercritical(USC) heat transfer in the water wall tubes. The thermal analysis of the spiral water wall in a 1000 MW double reheat USC boiler was conducted by the coupled heat transfer simulations. The simulation results show that there are two peak heat flux regions on each wall of spiral water wall, where the primary combustion zone and burnt-out zone locate respectively. In the full load condition, the maximal heat flux of the primary combustion zone is close to 500 kW/m~2, which is higher than that in the conventional single reheat USC boilers. The heat flux along the furnace width presents a parabolic shape that the values in the furnace center are much higher than that in the corner regions. The distribution of water wall temperature has a perfect accordance with the heat flux distribution of the parabolic shape curves, which can illustrate the distribution of water wall temperature is mainly determined by heat flux on the water wall. The maximal water wall temperature occurs at the middle width of furnace wall and approaches 530°C, which can be allowed by the metal material of water wall tube 12Cr1MoVG. In the primary combustion zone, the wall temperatures in half load are almost close to the values in 75% load condition, caused by the heat transfer deterioration of the subcritical pressure fluid under the high heat flux condition. The simulation results in this study are beneficial to the better design and operational optimization for the double reheat USC boilers.     

1000 MW ultra-supercritical turbine steam parameter optimization

The 2×1000 MW ultra-supercritical steam turbine of Shanghai Waigaoqiao Phase III project, which uses grid frequency regulation and overload control through an overload valve, is manufactured by Shanghai Turbine Company using Siemens technology. Through optimization, the steam pressure is regarded as the criterion between constant pressure and sliding pressure operation. At high circulating water temperature, the turbine overload valve is kept closed when the unit load is lower than 1000 MW while at other circulating water temperatures the turbine can run in sliding pressure operation when the unit load is higher than 1000 MW and the pressure is lower than 27 MPa This increases the unit operation efficiency. The 3D bending technology in the critical piping helps to reduce the project investment and minimize the reheat system pressure drop which improves the unit operation efficiency and safety. By choosing lower circulating water design temperature and by setting the individual Boiler Feedwater Turbine condenser to reduce the exhaust steam flow and the heat load to the main condenser, the unit average back pressure and the terminal temperature difference are minimized. Therefore, the unit heat efficiency is increased. __________ Translated from Journal of Power Engineering, 2007, 27(3): 305–309, 331 [译自 : 动力工程]