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材料的织构导致其性能的各向异性。例如取向硅钢要求有高斯织构,这样高压变压器漏磁最小,能量损失最低。纯钛金属材料及其合金应用十分广泛,在常温下是六方晶体,其织构表现形式有别于立方晶体。在本期刊载的论文“工业纯钛金属织构标准极图的计算及分析”中,昆明理工大学材料科学与工程学院陈亮维等给出了纯钛任意织构对任意投影晶面理论极图的绘制方法,并提供了纯钛常见织构的参考极图。这为钛材研制与生产中出现的织构测试提供了分析标准,也为其他六方金属材料如镁、锌金属等材料的织构测试提供了极图分析参考。     

工业纯钛金属织构标准极图的计算及分析

工业纯钛中的金属织构会引起各向异性,获得织构信息及分析其演变规律对钛材加工与应用非常重要.本文利用单晶钛的晶体结构数据、乌氏网、极图与织构的定义,建立了纯钛的织构与特定晶面极图之间的对应关系,理论计算并绘制了纯钛部分织构的标准极图.基于塑性变形时基本滑移面与滑移方向的演变规律,构建了纯钛金属加工方式与织构之间的内在联系,可为六方系纯钛金属或合金的织构演变与表征提供理论基础。     

高温超导材料织构的定量分析方法

针对高温雪导材料Ｘ射线衍射（ＸＲＤ）谱上衍射峰大量重叠及明显宽化的现象，使用位敏探测器及织构定量分析的改进最大熵法，准确地进行高Ｔｃ材料织构的定量分析。实验指出：使用上述方法的织构定量分析软件，可从大量重叠极图获得准确的织构信息；使用带有位敏探测器的Ｘ射线射仪，可以提高重叠极图测量的准确度，减少复杂材料（低晶体对称具有重叠衍射峰或复相材料）织构定量分析难度．     

身管径向精锻锻后织构分析及性能各向异性研究

目的从细观尺度,研究某30SiMn2MoVA材料5.8 mm口径身管径向精锻成形的锻后性能。方法通过X射线衍射(XRD)实验分析了锻后身管,绘制了极图和取向分布函数(ODF)图,最后利用分析所得主要织构成分,基于广义胡克定律和Schmid定律研究了锻后弹性模量和屈服强度的各向异性,并与实验结果进行了对比。结果锻后身管材料存在纤维织构,主要织构成分为{111}1 1 2,次要织构成分为{111}110;这两种织构成分对锻后弹性各向异性没有影响,但主要织构成分使得锻后屈服强度具有各向异性。结论身管径向精锻工艺,使得材料屈服强度存在从轧向至横向逐渐降低的各向异性。     

挤压-剪切工艺挤压AZ31镁合金的组织和织构演变

采用大变形技术"挤压-剪切"(Extrusion-shear,ES)工艺挤压AZ31镁合金并研究其组织和织构演变.结果表明:经ES工艺挤压后能得到细小均匀的再结晶晶粒;其宏观组织内存在多种类型的织构,削弱了基面织构的主导地位;由极图可知{0002}基面织构强度下降,ES工艺的再结晶机制是连续动态再结晶.     

制备立方织构Ni片的研究

用轧制－再结晶方法制备立方织构镍片,研究了不同的轧制工艺对立方织构形成的影响,用极图和三维取向分布分布函数（ＯＤＦ）对织构进行了测量,分析表明对纯镍,在大变形量下,轧制过程中取向空间的β线是最终稳定线,最终轧制织构中主要织构分量为Ｃ｛１１２｝〈１１２〉、Ｓ｛１２３｝〈６３４〉、Ｂ｛１１０｝〈１１２〉,并分析了这三种织构对丙结晶立方织构的影响,再结晶织构主要为立方织构｛１００｝〈００１〉和少量Ｒ织构     

Ti-6246中α相转变织构的形成机制

利用EBSD研究了β单相区锻造Ti-6246饼坯的显微组织和晶体取向。结果表明,β锻造的Ti-6246合金有网篮组织,原始β晶粒沿着金属的流动方向拉长。β相呈现100_β与饼坯压缩方向平行的强丝织构。次生α相的织构类型与β相符合Burgers取向关系。当相邻原始β晶粒具有相近110方向时,在该β/β晶界两侧析出的次生α相的晶体c轴将沿着这一共同的110方向,即发生变体选择,导致α相在{0001}极图上的最大织构密度明显高于β相在(110)极图上的最大织构密度。     

镍基高温合金初始织构对电辅助拉伸宏微观行为的影响

目的研究织构对镍基高温合金电辅助成形的影响规律。方法通过准静态拉伸与电辅助拉伸对比实验,研究了不同初始织构对镍基高温合金电辅助成形宏观力学行为以及微观组织演化的影响规律。结果当初始织构为易变形织构时,拉伸后的纤维织构峰值较低,而电辅助拉伸过程中焦耳热使得试样温度升高,变形抗力得到下降,在一定程度上增大了纤维织构的强度。当初始织构为难变形织构时,材料变形抗力大,拉伸后纤维织构峰值较高,但材料变形过程晶粒细化程度高,缺陷的增多导致电辅助成形过程中焦耳热更为明显,焦耳热导致的高温使得难变形晶粒变形更为协调,最终的纤维织构强度有所下降。结论不同的初始织构对电辅助成形宏微观行为有较大的影响,因此合理利用织构在电辅助成形过程中的影响以完善电辅助成形工艺十分重要。     

双向脉冲电镀工艺参数对Na2WO4-ZnO-WO3熔盐镀钨层织构的影响

采用双向脉冲电镀工艺镀钨,并对工艺参数影响镀钨层织构进行研究.首次采用(222)不完整极图对钼片基体上的钨镀层织构进行研究.结果表明:钨镀层具有为{001}<110>织构;工艺条件的变化对镀层织构的影响主要体现在织构的散漫程度随着脉冲周期和迭加直流分量的增加而增加.金相和SEM观察均表明镀层为微观不平整表面,并借助表面的数据对钨镀层的形貌进行解释.     

双轴拉伸Bopp薄膜的织构研究

采用双轴拉伸制取α-聚丙烯薄膜即(Bopp膜)。利用极图测试、ODF三维取向分布函数计算和回算极图方法，研究了Bopp晶态膜的择优取向特征。分析结果表明，双轴拉伸Bopp晶态膜具有高度择优取向，主要的织构组分为C轴([001]轴)集中沿拉伸方向(M向)分布，沿膜面分别为(010)，(110)和(130)晶面。即经双轴拉伸的Bopp晶态膜不再是简单的单轴取向状态，呈现类似于金属薄膜的双轴织构特征。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.