烘炉燃烧器在热风炉中的应用实践

通过对热风炉烘炉目标分析,使用一种简易烘炉燃烧器,从烘炉操作、实践及安全事项等几个方面总结。满足了热风炉拱顶温度与烘炉曲线的吻合,为热风炉高效、长寿提供了开炉初期的技术保障。     

循环流化床锅炉烘炉技术的优化

循环流化床锅炉耐火浇注料的烘炉措施直接关系到循环流化床锅炉的稳定运行.从温度、时间、过程等多方面综合分析了提高循环流化床安全性、可靠性的一系列烘炉技术要点,具有一定的推广价值.     

SY-805网带炉的烘炉及其它

介绍了SY-805网带炉的用途及烘炉工艺，强调了烘炉过程中应注意的事项及如何获得良好的炉气控制。     

干熄焦红焦烘炉的研究与应用

本文着重阐述了干熄焦红焦烘炉的理论依据、原理、方案等，并对红焦烘炉和煤气烘炉的实施效果进行了评价比较，指出了对年修后的干熄炉红焦烘炉的优点，这对焦化干熄焦系统具有很好的推广价值。     

CFB锅炉无焰烘炉法

介绍了一种CFB锅炉省工、省时、省燃料并确保烘炉质量的无焰烘炉先进技术方法。     

锅炉设备烘炉方法的研讨

由于锅炉设备的砌体在砌筑时需添加较多的粘结剂而含有大量水分，本文例举了烘炉方法，并推荐以燃料烘炉和烟温法组合成一体，作为烘炉方法及其合格标准。     

中频炉炉衬铁水烘炉工艺实践

中频炉采用通电烘炉，存在烘炉时间长，设备作业率低等缺点；采用铁水烘炉后，烘炉时间缩短，炉龄明显提升。     

高铝矾土熟料在中频感应炉中的应用及提高寿命的措施

介绍了高铝矾土熟料在中频感应炉中的应用，生产实践表明合理的筑炉工艺、烘炉工艺、熔炼工艺及精心的熔炼操作是充分发挥高铝矾土熟料炉衬寿命的关键，对轻型电炉的加固可明显提高炉衬寿命达50％以上。     

中频感应炉烘炉工艺对坩埚寿命影响因素分析

针对中频感应炉烘炉工艺对坩埚寿命的主要影响因素，进行了示例分析的讨论，总结了在工艺和执行中的4个要点，为中频感应炉的烘炉、保障坩埚寿命，提供了理论实践指导。     

350m^3高炉热风炉系统的优化改造

为了提高热风温度,济钢第一炼铁厂从改进燃烧器结构、最大限度的利用排烟余温和提高预热空、煤气温度等几方面入手,同时改进电控及烘炉技术,保证热风炉高效、长寿运行,从而达到对整个热风炉系统的优化改造,实现了热风炉风温及寿命的突破性提高。     

具有智能化特征的安全稳定分析与控制决策技术

安全稳定预警与控制辅助决策是智能电网调度技术支持系统不可缺少的应用类功能。在分析安全稳定分析与控制决策计算工作特点的基础上,提出安全稳定分析与控制决策支持智能化的主要特征：自动化和自适应性。介绍了自动化的安全稳定分析计算技术,包括输入数据准备、任务执行和输出结果的自动化处理;阐述了自适应电网运行工况、外部环境和硬件运行状态的安全稳定分析技术,包括调整应用功能的输入数据和妥善处理安全稳定性交互影响,以及根据分析计算任务要求动态优化调度计算资源。这些技术已用于安全稳定综合防御系统,提高了分析结果的适应性和分析计算的效率,在电网运行规划、计划安全校核、超短期安全态势预测、调度操作安全校核和在线分析与控制等电网调度运行管理中发挥作用。     

过热器再热器爆漏事故的原因分析及对策

过热器、再热器爆漏事故严重影响了锅炉机组的安全性和经济性,而造成过热器、再热器爆漏事故的主要因素有超温爆管、磨损、高温腐蚀、热疲劳、质量失控等。通过对这些因素的主要原因和爆口特征的分析,提出了一些过热器、再热器爆漏事故的防治措施。     

Hydrophilic and hydrophobic materials and their applications

Wettability of a material’s surface plays a significant role in how fluids interact with such surfaces. Wetting behavior is universal but can vary depending on the chemical nature of the solid and liquid phases. Plants and animals adapt to their environment by having evolved special properties. These properties are such as hydrophilic and hydrophobic. Hydrophilic surface has a strong affinity to water and spreading of water on such surface is preferred. The degree of hydrophilicity of the substance can be measured by measuring the contact angle between the liquid and solid phases. Hydrophobic materials are known as non-polar materials with a low affinity to water, which makes them water repelling. A contact angle of less than 90° indicates hydrophilic interaction where as an angle greater than 90° indicates a hydrophobic interaction. More recently, superwetting such as superhydrophilicity has been receiving an increased focus in the literature due to its potential significance. Superhydrophilic surface has a contact angle of less than 5°.

The fabrication of hydrophilic materials can be carried out in two main ways: depositing molecules on surfaces or modification of surface chemistry. Both methods have been successful historically in achieving their intended purposes. Hydrophobic and superhydrophobic materials can be produced with many fabrication methods such as layer-by-layer assembly, laser process, the solution-immersion method, sol-gen techniques, chemical etching, and Hummer’s method.

The applications of such an important property are significant. For example, hydrophilic surfaces can be used in anti-fogging applications, biomedical, filtration, heat pipes, and many others. Hydrophobic and superhydrophobic materials have been successfully applied in many sectors, such as: (I) the removal of petroleum from aqueous solutions, (II) applied to plastic, ceramics, and mesh to contribute to the oil removal from aqueous solutions, (III) hydrophobic layers have a strong self-cleaning effect on plastics, heat pipes, metals, textiles, glass, paints, and electronics, (IV) hydrophobic layers improve the anti-freezing behavior of heat pipes which prevents unwanted build-up and (V) they function as a water and dust protecting coat on electronics.

The presence of this property is historic but there is still a huge potential for development for its applications in many sectors such as water treatment, heat transfer applications, biomedical devices, and many more.     

Defect and impurity diagnostics and process monitoring

The review focuses on four areas of defect and impurity diagnostics: (i) the determination of parasitic resistances, (ii) quantum efficiency analysis including light-beam-induced current measurement systems which use spectrally resolved currents to determine local recombination in solar cells, (iii) methods to determine the recombination properties in solar cell precursors and (iv) techniques suitable for the recognition of the type of impurity or defect, which is responsible for increased recombination. In general, emphasis is on those methods, which are capable of delivering spatially resolved information. The use of the specific metastability features of a defect for its identification is exemplified. In addition, carrier lifetime spectroscopy methods utilising the temperature or the injection dependence of defect recombination are outlined.     

Hydrogen and electricity from water and light

Four self-driven photoelectrochemical hydrogen producers: n-TiO₂/p-CdTe, n-TiO₂/p-GaP, n-SrTiO₃/p-CdTe and n-SrTiO₃/p-GaP were constructed and examined in 1 M NaOH. the current-potential curves of the individual electrodes and the current-cell voltage relationships were measured. Cell current-density measurements versus time demonstrated that the output of each cell is stable for at least 12 h. the n-SrTiO₃/p-GaP cell under xenon light irradiation was the most efficient at 0·7 per cent. the n-TiO₂/p-GaP cell was estimated as the most efficient under solar light at 0·1 per cent. the stability of p-CdTe and its energy gap of 1·5 eV make it a prospect for use as a photocathode in future photoelectrochemical hydrogen producers.     

铁道机车车辆轮轨的摩擦磨损与节能降耗

阐述了铁道机车车辆轮轨摩擦磨损的现状;研究了内燃机车车轮、闸瓦和钢轨的消耗数量及相应的维修费用;指出了采用适当的新技术之后,在节能降耗方面会产生显著的经济效益。     

能源的开发利用与节能

在节能与环保问题成为当今全球性重要研究课题的情况下,笔者对中国能源的现状、新能源开发问题和在用车辆的环保节能问题进行了研究探讨。认为我国应加大开发可再生能源、核能源的力度,开发城市生活垃圾的新能源,找出在用柴油车实现环保节能的一些新措施。     

国内外能耗监测控制管理理论与实践

能耗监测是能源管理中的重要环节,国外不少国家在这方面都进行了积极的努力,制定了一些相关政策,并取得了一部分研究成果.我国于上世纪90年代初就出台了关于能耗监测的有关规定,2007年颁布的《单位GDP能耗监测体系实施方案》规定了能耗监测的主体、主要内容和指标.工业、交通运输和建筑是我国三大“耗能大户”,因此能耗监测研究和管理实践也主要集中在这三个领域.信息技术的发展为工业企业的能耗监测提供了基础平台,运用计算机信息技术对能耗实行现代化管理,成为企业实现信息化管理、降低成本的一种重要手段.道路交通约占我国交通运输业能耗的75％,因而对道路交通能耗的监测是交通运输业能耗监测的主要任务,而对机车能耗的监测是铁路运输能耗监测的主要内容之一.建筑能耗监测主要针对大型公共建筑,通过信息化手段进行信息采集及能耗监测.目前有关能耗监测的研究还处于起步阶段,尚未全面展开,能耗监测技术还不成熟,监测设备也不齐全.今后除了要继续探索能耗监测技术以外,还应重点加强对主要行业能耗监测控制管理体系的研究.     

The roles of science and technology in energy and environment research and development

Countries are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of science and technology in relation to national development and the necessity of formulating a concise science and technology policy. The need to strengthen and orient the scientific and technological infrastructure in line with national development goals, through more effective use of an available qualified work force and the higher education system, is becoming widely recognized. Consequently, appropriate methods of assessing the impact of science and technology on national development are needed so that efforts are concentrated on areas potentially having substantial impacts. Numerous planning studies have been undertaken to this end, particularly by international organizations such as UNESCO, UNIDO, OECD and IEA. This study examines the inter‐relationships of the disciplines of science and technology with energy and environment research and development (R&D) activities, particularly for developing countries. The connections between these topics are discussed along with some basic methods that can be used to exploit the relations. Some illustrative examples are presented. It is anticipated that the present study will serve as a preliminary step for more comprehensive work by providing an example of the utilization of formal methods in formulating science and technology policy for energy and environment R&D. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

火电厂TSI安装调试及常见故障诊断和处理

火电机组TSI探头的安装与调试是一个较为复杂和精细的工作.是火电厂热控安装不可或缺的最重要的组成部分.文章对各种测量探头的原理进行了分析,理论结合实际,将原理图和现场安装图进行对照,通俗易懂.对这些TSI探头在实际安装时应注意的细节问题做了详尽的阐述,同时对试车过程中出现的问题进行了分析并提出了处理措施.对火电机组汽轮机本体热工仪表安装工作有一定的指导意义.