复杂系统可靠性估计的模糊神经Petri网方法

针对复杂系统可靠性建模难问题,提出了一种新的适用于复杂系统可靠性估计的模糊神经Petri网(简称为FNPN)．文中首先给出了模糊神经Petri网的定义及其引发规则,然后给出了一种学习算法．该FNPN结合了模糊Petri网和神经网络各自的优点,既可以表示和处理模糊产生式规则的知识库系统又具有学习能力,可通过对样本数据学习调整模型中的参数以获得系统内部的等效结构,从而计算出非样本数据的系统的可靠度．最后以一无向网络为例说明该方法是可行的．     

基于模糊神经Petri网的网络入侵检测方法

针对传统的入侵检测方法存在检测速度慢、不易收敛、检测准确率低等问题,提出了一种新的适用于网络入侵检测的模糊神经Petri网(简称为FNPN)。文中首先给出了模糊神经Petri网的定义及其引发规则,然后给出了一种学习算法。该FNPN结合了模糊Petri网和神经网络各自的优点,既可以表示和处理模糊产生式规则的知识库系统,又具有学习能力,可通过对样本数据学习来调整模型中的参数以获得系统内部的等效结构。实验证明,该方法具有更高的识别精度和更高的学习速率。     

基于专家系统和Petri网的网络可靠性评估方法

针对网络系统可靠性建模难的问题,结合专家系统和Petri网理论各自的特点,提出了一种基于知识库系统的Petri网可靠性评估方法。首先引入模糊神经Petri网的定义和适用于网络系统可靠性建模的引发规则,然后在此基础上提出一种学习算法,其既可以表示和处理模糊产生式规则的知识库系统,又具有学习能力。最后以一个无向网络的可靠性评估为例,并通过定性分析和定量计算,验证了算法的合理性和有效性。     

基于模糊神经Petri网的故障诊断模型

Petri网是对具有产生式规则的故障诊断系统的有力建模工具，但其缺乏较强的学习能力．本文以Petri网的基本定义为基础，结合模糊逻辑和Petri网模型，定义了模糊Petri网模型，在此基础上引入人工神经网络技术，给出了人工神经网络的模糊Petri网表示方法，并针对工程机械故障诊断异步、离散等特点，提出并建立了故障诊断的模糊神经Petri网模型及其改进模型．基于模糊神经Petri网的故障诊断系统结合了Petri网和人工神经网络的优点，经过自学习后同时具有很强的推理能力和自适应能力．     

用直觉模糊Petri网构建的供应链可靠性诊断模型

针对不断变化的供应链系统内外部环境因素,围绕供应链系统可靠性诊断问题,将直觉模糊集引入模糊Petri网建模,用直觉模糊数表示库所状态、变迁阈值和变迁输出置信度,构建了基于直觉模糊Petri网的供应链可靠性诊断模型。对直觉模糊产生式规则按照变迁激发前后变迁和库所之间的与或关系,将供应链可靠性诊断模型模糊推理规则划分为四种类型,得到了变迁触发前和触发后的与或直觉模糊推理规则。同时提出了相应的模糊推理算法,并通过实例验证了模型和算法的有效性,能够及时发现供应链系统故障。     

一种自适应模糊Petri网及其应用*

模糊Petri网(fuzzy Petri nets, FPN)是基于模糊产生式规则的知识库系统的有力建模工具,但其缺乏较强的自学习能力。在FPN的基础上引入神经网络技术,给出了一种自适应模糊Petri网(adapt fuzzy Petri nets, AFPN)模型。该模型将神经网络中的BP网络算法引入到FPN模型中,对FPN中的权值进行反复的学习训练,避免了依靠人工经验设置带来的不确定性。AFPN具有很强的推理能力和自适应能力,对知识库系统的建立、更新和维护有着重要的意义。     

基于ACO优化参数的模糊Petri网故障诊断技术研究

针对传统模糊Petri网在进行故障诊断推理时,需要依靠专家经验给出所有产生式规则的参数,使得故障诊断的精确度受限于专家知识水平的问题,提出了一种加权模糊神经Petri网模型以及相应的构造方法,此方法使用模糊Petri网进行故障诊断,网模型中各参数由BP神经网络训练而得,为了进一步提高诊断精确度,定义了使用ACO (Ant Colony Optimization)对网模型的各参数进行优化的算法;最后通过发电机故障诊断实例对比试验,验证了文中ACO优化的模糊神经Petri网,能够对各种故障进行正确的诊断,且在诊断精度和效率上较常规的模糊神经Petri网有了很大的提高,具有很强的实用性和可行性.     

模糊Petri网及其在模糊推理中的应用

该文首先引入模糊Petri网(Fuzzy Petri Net)的定义，给出了一个九元模糊Petri网模型，并且详细介绍了模糊Petri网的激发规则。给出了产生式规则的模糊Petri网表示的三种模型，在此基础上提出了一种基于模糊Petri网的推理方法，最后使用模糊Petri网中知识表示和运行的基本算法解决了汽车质量检验和故障分析这一实际问题。实际应用证明基于模糊Petri网的产生式规则的推理具有知识表达能力强，处理不确定知识正确，推理过程简单直观，具有一定的智能推理能力，具有较强的实用价值。     

基于BP网络的模糊Petri网的学习能力

模糊Petri网(Fuzzy Petri Nets，FPN)是基于模糊产生式规则的知识库系统的良好建模工具，但自学习能力差是模糊系统本身的一个缺点．该文提出了适合模糊Petri网模型自学习的模糊推理算法和学习算法．在模糊推理算法中，通过对没有回路的FPN模型结构进行层次式划分以及建立变迁点燃和模糊推理的近似连续函数，从而把神经网络中的BP网络算法自然地引入到FPN模型中．在FPN模型上，用误差反传算法计算一阶梯度的方法对模糊产生式规则中的参数进行学习和训练．经过学习和训练的FPN具有很强的泛化能力和自适应功能．FPN模型经过训练得到的参数是有特定含义的，可以通过对这些参数的合法性分析，使得模糊产生式规则系统更加有效，也对知识库系统的建立、更新和维护有着重要的意义．     

一种神经模糊系统模型

本文提出一种神经模糊系统模型,其中模糊规则前件用π隶属函数(形状类似于三角形隶属函数,但具有平滑性)表达,给出了类似于BP的参数学习算法.对于平滑函数近似问题的仿真结果表明,与模糊规则前件使用三角形隶属函数的神经模糊系统模型相比,本文提出的模型具有学习过程更加稳定平滑和逼近误差小的优点.对这两种模型性能上的差异做了定性解释.     

Forecasting of Software Reliability Using Neighborhood Fuzzy Particle Swarm Optimization Based Novel Neural Network

This paper proposes an artificial neural network (ANN) based software reliability model trained by novel particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm for enhanced forecasting of the reliability of software. The proposed ANN is developed considering the fault generation phenomenon during software testing with the fault complexity of different levels. We demonstrate the proposed model considering three types of faults residing in the software. We propose a neighborhood based fuzzy PSO algorithm for competent learning of the proposed ANN using software failure data. Fitting and prediction performances of the neighborhood fuzzy PSO based proposed neural network model are compared with the standard PSO based proposed neural network model and existing ANN based software reliability models in the literature through three real software failure data sets. We also compare the performance of the proposed PSO algorithm with the standard PSO algorithm through learning of the proposed ANN. Statistical analysis shows that the neighborhood fuzzy PSO based proposed neural network model has comparatively better fitting and predictive ability than the standard PSO based proposed neural network model and other ANN based software reliability models. Faster release of software is achievable by applying the proposed PSO based neural network model during the testing period.      

Reliability Growth Modeling and Optimal Release Policy Under Fuzzy Environment of an N-version Programming System Incorporating the Effect of Fault Removal Efficiency

Failure of a safety critical system can lead to big losses.Very high software reliability is required for automating the working of systems such as aircraft controller and nuclear reactor controller software systems.Fault-tolerant softwares are used to increase the overall reliability of software systems.Fault tolerance is achieved using the fault-tolerant schemes such as fault recovery (recovery block scheme),fault masking (N-version programming (NVP)) or a combination of both (Hybrid scheme).These softwares incorporate the ability of system survival even on a failure.Many researchers in the field of software engineering have done excellent work to study the reliability of fault-tolerant systems.Most of them consider the stable system reliability.Few attempts have been made in reliability modeling to study the reliability growth for an NVP system.Recently,a model was proposed to analyze the reliability growth of an NVP system incorporating the effect of fault removal efficiency.In this model,a proportion of the number of failures is assumed to be a measure of fault generation while an appropriate measure of fault generation should be the proportion of faults removed.In this paper,we first propose a testing efficiency model incorporating the effect of imperfect fault debugging and error generation.Using this model,a software reliability growth model (SRGM) is developed to model the reliability growth of an NVP system.The proposed model is useful for practical applications and can provide the measures of debugging effectiveness and additional workload or skilled professional required.It is very important for a developer to determine the optimal release time of the software to improve its performance in terms of competition and cost.In this paper,we also formulate the optimal software release time problem for a 3VP system under fuzzy environment and discuss a the fuzzy optimization technique for solving the problem with a numerical illustration.     

基于模糊重用库的容错软件开发

容错设计是改进软件可靠性的有效途径，然而由于设计多样性的实现很困难且开销大，导致该项技术目前仅应用于一些安全关键系统之中，为此，提出了一种将重用技术引入到容错软件开发过程中的应用框架，框架以模糊重用库为核心，增强的可靠性开发模型为基础，参数化可靠性指标为相异性设计的依据，简化了容错软件的开发过程，在方法和实践上改进了软件系统的可靠性，介绍了重用库结构，增强的可靠性开发方法，基于重用的相异性设计及其容错软件开发的支持。     

开放网络环境下软件安全性测试技术研究

在开放网络环境下软件容易受到攻击,导致软件故障,需要进行安全性测试,针对无监督类测试方法开销较大和复杂度较高的问题,提出一种基于半监督自适应学习算法的软件安全性测试方法;首先采用模糊度量原理构建软件安全测试的半监督学习数学模型,分析软件产生安全性故障的数组特征,然后通过软件故障的熵特征分布方法进行软件的可靠性度量,在开放式网络环境下建立软件可靠性云决策模型,实现安全性测试和故障定位;最后通过仿真实验进行性能验证,结果表明,采用该方法进行软件安全性测试,对软件故障定位的准确度较高,测试的实时性较好,保障了软件的安全可靠运行。     

软件可靠性评估的模糊神经网络模型

基于对软件可靠性影响最突出的6个因素,结合模糊逻辑和神经网络技术来开发模糊神经网络模型,抽取蕴含在专家判断中的模糊规则。然后利用这些规则和专家对当前软件开发完成情况的评判,该模型能够完成对目标软件的定性可靠性评估。     

Fuzzy hypercubes: Linguistic learning/reasoning systems for intelligent control and identification

This paper introduces a new tool for intelligent control and identification. A robust and reliable learning and reasoning mechanism is addressed based upon fuzzy set theory and fuzzy associative memories. The mechanism storesa priori an initial knowledge base via approximate learning and utilizes this information for identification and control via fuzzy inferencing. This architecture parallels a well-known scheme in which memory implicative rules are stored disjunctively. We call this process afuzzy hypercube. Fuzzy hypercubes can be applied to a class of complex and highly nonlinear systems which suffer from vagueness uncertainty and incomplete information such as fuzziness and ignorance. Evidential aspects of a fuzzy hypercube are treated to assess the degree of certainty or reliability. The implementation issue using fuzzy hypercubes is raised, and finally, a fuzzy hypercube is applied to fuzzy linguistic control.     

Software reliability analysis and choice of software reliability criteria

Functional reliability of computer software is considered using fuzzy automaton representation of software systems.Translated from Kibernetika i Sistemnyi Analiz, No. 2, pp. 46–60, March–April, 1992.     

Intelligent condition monitoring using fuzzy inductive learning

Extensive research has been performed for developing knowledge based intelligent monitoring systems for improving the reliability of manufacturing processes. Due to the high expense of obtaining knowledge from human experts, it is expected to develop new techniques to obtain the knowledge automatically from the collected data using data mining techniques. Inductive learning has become one of the widely used data mining methods for generating decision rules from data. In order to deal with the noise or uncertainties existing in the data collected in industrial processes and systems, this paper presents a new method using fuzzy logic techniques to improve the performance of the classical inductive learning approach. The proposed approach, in contrast to classical inductive learning method using hard cut point to discretize the continuous-valued attributes, uses soft discretization to enable the systems have less sensitivity to the uncertainties and noise. The effectiveness of the proposed approach has been illustrated in an application of monitoring the machining conditions in uncertain environment. Experimental results show that this new fuzzy inductive learning method gives improved accuracy compared with using classical inductive learning techniques.     

基于群智能的模糊多目标软件可靠性冗余分配

针对软件可靠性冗余分配问题,建立了一种模糊多目标分配模型,并提出了基于分布估计的细菌觅食优化算法求解该模型。将软件可靠性和成本作为模糊目标函数,通过三角形隶属函数对模糊多目标进行处理,用高斯分布对细菌觅食算法进行优化,并将该优化算法用来求解多目标软件可靠性冗余分配问题,设置不同的隶属函数参数可以得到不同的Pareto最优解,实验数据验证了该群智能算法对解决多目标软件可靠性分配的有效性和正确性,Pareto最优解可为在可靠性和成本之间决策提供依据。