欧美传感器发展趋势

欧美先进传感器的应用现状是全球传感器发展的风向标。介绍了传感器领域的未来发展重点,详细阐述了MEMS传感器、光纤传感器、无线传感器和气体传感器及其应用现状和发展趋势,总结分析了传感器的宏观技术特点,为我国传感器技术发展与应用具有重要的指导意义。     

传感器网络中的传感器管理研究

传感器网络和传感器管理是国际社会的研究热点,但目前针对传感器网络中的传感器管理问题的研究成果很少,文中对这一问题进行了初步分析与探讨,在深入分析传感器网络的基本特性的基础上,给出了传感器网络中传感器管理的一些基本原则,采用分层式传感器网络系统结构,提出了基于任务驱动的传感器管理方案,并详细阐述了方案中各个部分的工作原理,提出了一种基于多智能体技术的传感器管理模型,实现了传感器感知信息的交互和传感器感知动作的协同功能.     

光纤传感器研究

光纤传感器具有抗电磁干扰、耐事故能力强、小型化、精度高等优点。为促进光纤传感器在更多行业的应用,对光纤传感器的研究进展进行了总结。介绍了光纤传感器的基本组成和原理,概括了光纤传感器分类特征。按光纤在传感器中的作用,可分为功能型(全光纤型)光纤传感器、传光型光纤传感器和拾光型光纤传感器。按光波调制方式,可分为强度调制型光纤传感器、频率调制型光纤传感器、波长调制型光纤传感器、相位调制型光纤传感器以及偏振态调制型光纤传感器。按传感器目标分布方式,可分为点式光纤传感器、准分布式光纤传感器和分布式光纤传感器。阐述了光纤传感器在温度、位移和气体测量方面的应用现状,并讨论了未来光纤传感器的发展趋示。     

车辆检测传感器综述

介绍了两类典型的车辆检测传感器,即固定式车辆检测传感器:感应线圈检测传感器、超声波检测传感器、微波检测传感器、红外线检测传感器、视频检测传感器、磁力检测传感器以及声学检测传感器;移动式车辆检测传感器:浮动车和探测车。阐述了各种检测传感器的原理、所检测的交通参数以及其适合检测的交通环境,通过比较各种检测传感器的特点,指出了车辆检测传感器的应用方向是多传感器联合检测,旨在对我国车辆检测传感器技术的应用能有所帮助。     

一种WSN的传感器管理结构及仿真分析

无线传感器网络的传感器节点能量十分有限,且数量巨大,因而传统的传感器管理方法不再适用于无线传感器网络。针对无线传感器网络提出了一个分层的传感器管理结构,将网络的传感器管理分为最高层-簇间传感器管理、中间层-簇内传感器管理和最低层-单个传感器管理,并在最低层对传感器节点实现了采样间隔的自适应,仿真结果表明在保证一定跟踪精度的条件下,大大节省了传感器节点的能量。     

新型传感器技术在武器系统中的应用

新型传感器技术是现代武器装备发展与技术更新的重要保障条件,在军事工程和国防建设中占有重要的地位。评述了MEMS传感器、红外传感器、图像传感器、光纤传感器、智能传感器和网络传感器等新型传感器技术,介绍了新型传感器技术在军用无线传感器网络、智能灰尘、微型机器人等武器系统中的应用,并对新型传感器技术的发展趋势进行了展望。     

传感器技术的最新进展和市场机遇

综述了国外通用传感器、机器人传感器 ,汽车传感器的发展现状 ,重点阐述了传感器技术的最新进展 ,并介绍了先进传感器的应用前景     

汽车传感器的现状与发展趋势

介绍了汽车传感器的种类和检测对象,以及传感器在汽车电子控制系统中的应用概况,阐述了汽车传感器的现状,给出了汽车传感器的市场与预测,叙述了汽车传感器向着微型化、集成化和智能化的发展趋势,并认为,MEMS传感器将成为汽车传感器的发展主流。     

振动传感器的原理选择

介绍了几种类型的振动传感器的工作原理,如电阻应变式、电感式、电容式、压电式、霍尔式、磁电式振动传感器.为了选择更为合适的某种原理的传感器,对比了相对式、惯性式振动传感器的不同,并指出在物理量的转换过程中,惯性式传感器存在的明显缺点一难以保证信号的不失真传递.得出了结论,在传感器原理选择的时候首选相对式振动传感器,并介绍了相对式振动传感器的主要分类,包括电感式位移传感器、电容式位移传感器、磁电式速度传感器.     

阵列式MEMS惯性传感器及噪声抑制研究

针对惯导系统中MEMS惯性传感器随机噪声较大的问题,本文利用MEMS惯性传感器体积小的特点,采用32个消 费级MEMS惯性传感器,组成惯性传感器阵列,设计了阵列形式的MEMS惯性传感器测量单元。通过对阵列传感器建模与分析,将32个惯性传感器数据进行数据融合,以此降低消费级MEMS惯性传感器的随机噪声误差与零偏不稳定性。最后利用Allan方差分析了惯性传感器的噪声特性。实验结果表明,在静态状况下,阵列式MEMS惯性传感器有效的抑制了惯性传感器的随机误差,提高了惯性传感器的精度。     

On some characteristics and related properties for OWF and RIM quantifier

Regular Increasing Monotone (RIM) quantifier and Ordered Weighted Function are important counterparts of discrete ordered weighted averaging operators. Some important characteristics such as entropy, Moment, and Step/Hurwicz degree have already been proposed and studied by several researchers. The main propose of this paper is to put the concepts of entropy, Moment, and Step/Hurwicz degree for RIM quantifier into a continuous environment. Some well‐defined representative families of RIM quantifiers are also presented. The metric spaces of RIM quantifiers are discussed.     

异步多信道无线传感器网络MAC 协议

针对无线传感器网络中控制信道饱和问题以及三重隐终端问题,提出了一种异步多信道MAC协议——RIM(receiver-initiated MAC).RIM利用接收端开始的传输机制有效地解决了控制信道饱和问题,同时采用了基于概率的随机信道选择机制避免了三重隐终端问题.而且,RIM支持一种简单且可靠的异步广播机制.通过基于马尔可夫链的理论分析,得到了RIM中节点的最优占空比.为验证RIM的实际性能,进行了模拟和真实实验.实验结果表明,与其他多信道MAC协议相比,随着信道数及网络负载的增加,RIM增加了网络吞吐量,降低了传输所消耗的能量,同时也提高了广播的可靠性,达到了能量有效的目的.     

Some properties of the weighted OWA operator.

Based on the researches on ordered weighted average (OWA) operator, the weighted OWA operator (WOWA) and especially the quantifier guided aggregation method, with the generating function representation of regular increasing monotone (RIM) quantifier technique, we discuss the properties of WOWA operator with RIM quantifier in the respect of orness. With the continuous OWA and WOWA ideas recently proposed by Yager, an improvement on the continuous OWA and WOWA operator is proposed. The properties of WOWA are also extended from discrete to the continuous case. Based on these properties, two families of parameterized RIM quantifiers for WOWA operator are proposed, which have exponential generating function and piecewise linear generating function respectively. One interesting property of these two kinds of RIM quantifiers is that for any aggregated set (or variable) under any weighted (distribution) function, the aggregation values are always consistent with the orness (optimistic) levels, so they can be used to represent the decision maker's preference, and we can get the preference value of fuzzy sets or random variables with the orness level of RIM quantifier as their control parameter.     

Residual intensity modulation in resonator fiber optic gyros with sinusoidal wave phase modulation

We present how residual intensity modulation （RIM） affects the performance of a resonator fiber optic gyro （R-FOG） through a sinusoidal wave phase modulation technique. The expression for the R-FOG system＇s demodulation curve under RIM is obtained. Through numerical simulation with different RIM coefficients and modulation frequencies, we find that a zero deviation is induced by the RIM effect on the demodulation curve, and this zero deviation varies with the RIM coefficient and modulation frequency. The expression for the system error due to this zero deviation is derived. Simulation results show that the RIM-induced error varies with the RIM coefficient and modulation frequency. There also exists optimum values for the RIM coefficient and modulation frequency to totally eliminate the RIM-induced error, and the error increases as the RIM coefficient or modulation frequency deviates from its optimum value; however, in practical situations, these two parameters would not be exactly fixed but fluctuate from their respective optimum values, and a large system error is induced even if there exists a very small deviation of these two critical parameters from their optimum values. Simulation results indicate that the RIM-induced error should be considered when designing and evaluating an R-FOG system.     

On the properties of equidifferent RIM quantifier with generating function

Comparing the large number of research papers on the ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operator, the researches on relative quantifier are relatively rare so far. In the present paper, based on the quantifier guided aggregation method with OWA operator which was proposed by Yager [“Quantifier guided aggregation using OWA operators”, Int. J. Intell. Syst., 11, pp. 49–73, 1996], a generating function representation method for regular increasing monotone (RIM) quantifiers is proposed. We extend the the properties of OWA operator to the RIM quantifier which is represented with a monotone function instead of the OWA weighting vector. A class of parameterized equidifferent RIM quantifier which has minimum variance generating function is proposed and its properties are also analyzed. The equidifferent RIM quantifier is consistent with its orness level for any aggregated elements, which can be used to represent the decision maker's preference.     

Preference solutions of probability decision making with rim quantifiers

This article extends the quantifier‐guided aggregation method to include probabilistic information. A general framework for the preference solution of decision making under an uncertainty problem is proposed, which can include decision making under ignorance and decision making under risk methods as special cases with some specific preference parameters. Almost all the properties, especially the monotonicity property, are kept in this general form. With the generating function representation of the Regular Increasing Monotone (RIM) quantifier, some properties of the RIM quantifier are discussed. A parameterized RIM quantifier to represent the valuation preference for probabilistic decision making is proposed. Then the risk attitude representation method is integrated in this quantifier‐guided probabilistic decision making model to make it a general form of decision making under uncertainty. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Int Syst 20: 1253–1271, 2005.     

Optimization in Non-Standard Problems. An Application to the Provision of Public Inputs

This paper describes a new direct search method for solving non-standard constrained optimization problems for which standard methodologies do not work properly. Our method (the Rational Iterative Multisection-RIM-algorithm) consists of different stages that can be interpreted as solutions according to different precision requirements. We have performed an application of RIM method to the case of public inputs provision. We prove that the RIM approach and standard methodologies achieve the same results with regular optimization problems while the RIM algorithm takes advantage over others comparable direct-search methods when facing non-standard optimization problems.     

Autonomous mapping of HL7 RIM and relational database schema

Healthcare systems need to share information within and across the boundaries in order to provide better care to the patients. For this purpose, they take advantage of the full potential of current state of the art in healthcare standards providing interoperable solutions. HL7 V3 specification is an international message exchange and interoperability standard. HL7 V3 messages exchanged between healthcare applications are ultimately recorded into local healthcare databases, mostly in relational databases. In order to bring these relational databases in compliance with HL7, mappings between HL7 RIM (Reference Information Model) and relational database schema are required. Currently, RIM and database mapping is largely performed manually, therefore it is tedious, time consuming, error prone and expensive process. It is a challenging task to determine all correspondences between RIM and schema automatically because of extreme heterogeneity issues in healthcare databases. To reduce the amount of manual efforts as much as possible, autonomous mapping approaches are required. This paper proposes a technique that addresses the aforementioned mapping issue and aligns healthcare databases to HL7 V3 RIM specifications. Furthermore, the proposed technique has been implemented as a working application and tested on real world healthcare systems. The application loads the target healthcare schema and then identifies the most appropriate match for tables and the associated fields in the schema by using domain knowledge and the matching rules defined in the Mapping Knowledge Repository. These rules are designed to handle the complexity of semantics found in healthcare databases. The GUI allows users to view and edit/re-map the correspondences. Once all the mappings are defined, the application generates Mapping Specification, which contains all the mapping information i.e. database tables and fields with associated RIM classes and attributes. In order to enable the transactions, the application is facilitated with the autonomous code generation from the Mapping Specification. The Code Generator component focuses primarily on generating custom classes and hibernate mapping files against the runtime system to retrieve and parse the data from the data source—thus allows bi-directional HL7 to database communication, with minimum programming required. Our experimental results show 35–65% accuracy on real laboratory systems, thus demonstrating the promise of the approach. The proposed scheme is an effective step in bringing the clinical databases in compliance with RIM, providing ease and flexibility.     

Nonlinear system identification and control of chemical processes using fast orthogonal search

The use of the fast orthogonal search (FOS) method is presented for model estimation and control of nonlinear chemical processes. FOS provides a nonlinear approximation used in an inner-loop that allows for simpler linear control methods to be used as an outer-loop controller. It is a straightforward, simple-to-use method for linearization of systems based on orthogonal system identification. The control concept is derived from the method of inverse dynamic control (IDC). The novel combination of this with the FOS method of system identification results in a very efficient and effective method of control. The method is demonstrated and tested on two nonlinear chemical process control simulations and the results are shown to compare very favourably to published results on the same problems.