Druckstrebentragfähigkeit torsionsbeanspruchter Stahlbetonbalken mit üblicher Betondeckung

Concrete struts bearing capacity of reinforced concrete beams in torsion with practical concrete cover The analysis of an experiment database according to DIN 1045‐1 provisions shows an overestimation of the strength of the concrete strut in torsion with increasing concrete cover. In addition significant differences can be detected when comparing international design codes in relation to the concrete covers contribution to the torsional resistance of a reinforced concrete beam. In this paper experimental as well as related theoretical investigations of the concrete struts bearing capacity of reinforced concrete beams in torsion with nowadays practical concrete cover are presented. With respect to the observed influences on the failure load an approach for a safe definition of the shear flow zone thickness on the basis of DIN 1045‐1 provisions but independent of the concrete cover is derived.     

Querkraftwiderstand betonstabbewehrter Bauteile ohne Querkraftbewehrung

Shear Strength of Concrete Elements reinforced by prestressed Concrete Bars The shear strength of commonly reinforced concrete elements without shear reinforcement has been extensively studied and several semi‐empirical approaches for the determination of ultimate shear loads have been published. It seems to be necessary to prove the validity of these approaches for concrete elements reinforced with materials with a bi‐linear stress‐strain diagram in the elastic range. Prestressed Concrete Bars (PCB) show a distinct non‐linear behavior after decompression. Thus, they are especially suitable for a comparison with common reinforcement. The present article describes tests on the shear strength of concrete elements reinforced with PCBs. The results obtained are compared with the code DIN 1045‐1.     

钢纤维高强混凝土梁斜截面受力性能试验研究

根据 1 7根钢纤维混凝土强度等级为CF65～CF90的钢纤维高强混凝土无腹筋梁的受力性能试验结果 ,分析了钢纤维体积率变化对钢纤维高强混凝土梁裂缝分布形态及破坏特征的影响规律 ,验证了钢纤维对高强混凝土梁裂缝发生与发展的有效约束作用及对斜截面破坏形态的改善作用。经过统计分析 ,提出了钢纤维高强混凝土梁斜截面抗裂和斜截面承载力计算方法 ,供修订《纤维混凝土结构技术规程》参考。     

碳纤维加固与软件设计——碳纤维受剪加固

结合《混凝土结构设计规范》(GB 5 0 0 10 - 2 0 0 2 )及《碳纤维片材加固混凝土结构技术规程》(CECS14 6 :2 0 0 3) ,对钢筋混凝土梁、柱碳纤维受剪加固的计算理论进行探讨 ,并给出设计计算流程 ,应用VB语言实现了软件设计 ;还重点介绍了东大迪普加固软件系统的梁、柱碳纤维受剪加固模块和计算方法 ,并应用实例进行详细说明     

Ein Bemessungsansatz für zweiachsig durch Querkräfte beanspruchte Stahlbetonbalken mit Rechteckquerschnitt

Design of Reinforced Concrete Beams with rectangular Cross Sections against biaxial Shear Forces An approach is presented to design reinforced concrete beams with rectangular cross sections and usual stirrups against shear forces that act inclined to the principal axes of the cross sections. It basis on the “truss model with crack friction” and adds supplementary terms to the equations of the shear resistances acc. to DIN 1045‐1 to take account for shear force inclinations. Verifications to experimental as well as numerical data are given. An example shows that resistances evidently decrease – or higher amounts of stirrup reinforcement become necessary –, if shear forces deviate from principal axes.     

Experimental study on shear behavior of prestressed reactive powder concrete I-girders

As a new generation of concrete, RPC(Reactive Powder Concrete) has attracted great research attention for its ultra-high strength and high durability. In the present paper, experimental results from tests on eight prestressed RPC I-section girders failing in shear are reported herein. The beams with RPC of 120 MPa in compression were designed to assess the ability to carry shear stress in thin webbed prestressed beams with stirrups. The test variables were the level of prestressing, shear span-depth ratio (a/d) and stirrup ratio. Shear deformation, shear capacity and crack pattern were experimentally investigated in detail. With regard to the shear resistance of the test beams, the predictions from three standards (AFGC, JSCE and SIA) on the design of UHPC structures were compared with the experimental result suggesting that the experimental strength is almost always higher than predicted. RPC, as a new concrete, was different from normal concrete and fiber reinforced concrete. Further study should be needed to develop an analytical method and computation model for shear strength of RPC beams.     

Strengthening of RC T-section beams with low strength concrete using CFRP composites subjected to cyclic load

Various methods are developed for strengthening reinforced concrete beams against shear. Nowadays, external bonding of different composite members to RC beams was very popular and successful technique internationally. This study presents test results on strengthening of shear deficient RC beams by external bonding of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) straps. Six RC beams with a T-section were tested under cyclic loading in the experimental program. Width of the CFRP straps, arrangements of straps along the shear span, and anchorage techniques that were applied at the ends of straps were the main parameters that were investigated during experimental study. Shear deficient beams with low strength concrete were strengthened by using CFRP straps for obtaining ductile flexural behavior. The test results confirmed that all CFRP arrangements improved the strength, stiffness and energy dissipation capacity of the specimens significantly. The failure mode and ductility of specimens were proved to differ according to the CFRP strap width and arrangement along the beam. Experimental results were compared with the analytical approaches that were suggested by ACI-440 Committee Report.     

水工钢筋混凝土受弯构件受剪承载力的计算

在试验研究的基础上 ,对原水工钢筋混凝土受弯构件斜截面受剪承载力的计算方法进行了分析研究 ,给出了建议计算方法。该计算方法对受压区混凝土、箍筋和弯筋的承载力都作了不同程度的改进 ,且已被新规范采用。     

Seismic behaviour of coupling beams in a hybrid coupled shear walls

Steel coupling beams in a hybrid coupled shear wall provide a viable alternative for concrete coupling beams coupling individual reinforced concrete wall piers. Due to the lack of information, current design methods for calculating embedment lengths are silent about cases in which hybrid coupled walls have connection details of stud bolts and horizontal ties. In this work, an analytical study was carried out to develop a model for calculating the embedment lengths of embedded steel sections. Five models for calculating embedment lengths in a hybrid coupled wall are developed as variations of the Prestressed Concrete Institute guidelines for steel brackets attached to reinforced concrete columns. In addition, experimental studies on the hybrid coupled shear wall were carried out. The main test variables were the ratios of the coupling beam strength to the connection strength. The test results indicate that it is more advantageous to design the coupling beams as shear yielding members since the shear-critical coupling beam exhibits a more desirable mode of energy dissipation than the flexure-critical coupling beam.     

Behavior of channel shear connectors, Part I: Experimental study

In composite beams, shear connectors are commonly used to transfer longitudinal shear forces across the steel-concrete interface. This paper presents an experimental study on the behavior of channel shear connectors embedded in a solid concrete material slab under monotonic and low-cycle fatigue loading. The latter would be applicable to composite structures subjected to seismic events. Of specific interest are the behavior and effects of different concrete materials. A series of push-out specimens made of plain concrete, reinforced concrete (RC), fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) and engineered cementitious composite (ECC) were tested for this evaluation. The results show that the reversed cyclic shear strength of most specimens is 10%-23% lower than their monotonic strength. Also, using the polypropylene fibers (FRC specimens) has a slight effect on the shear strength and load-displacement behavior of the specimens; however, using the polyvinyl alcohol fibers (ECC specimens) causes considerable increase in ultimate strength and ductility of channel shear connectors. Finally, the experimental load capacities are compared with that suggested by North American design codes.     

焊接箍筋钢筋混凝土构件抗剪承载力试验研究

为了研究焊接箍筋钢筋混凝土构件的受剪性能,对6根焊接箍筋钢筋混凝土框架短柱和3根普通箍筋钢筋混凝土框架短柱对比试件展开低周反复加载试验,以及5根焊接箍筋和4根普通箍筋钢筋混凝土梁斜截面受剪性能试验,分析混凝土强度、箍筋配箍率、轴压比和剪跨比对焊接箍筋钢筋混凝土框架柱和梁受剪承载力的影响,并对比焊接箍筋与普通绑扎箍筋钢筋混凝土框架短柱和梁的受剪承载力的区别。结果表明:焊接箍筋与普通绑扎箍筋钢筋混凝土框架短柱和梁的破坏形态基本相同,并且焊接箍筋钢筋混凝土框架短柱和梁的极限抗剪承载力高于普通箍筋钢筋混凝土框架短柱和梁。另外,用现行的GB 50010—2010《混凝土结构设计规范》规定的框架短柱和梁的抗剪承载力计算公式计算的结果偏低,因此进一步结合试验数据进行分析并拟合出焊接箍筋钢筋混凝土构件抗剪承载力计算式,计算值与试验结果较吻合,可用于工程设计。     

轻骨料混凝土无腹筋梁受剪性能试验研究

为研究骨料种类对无腹筋梁受剪性能的影响,以剪跨比和纵筋配筋率为变量,进行了16根集中荷载作用下的无腹筋混凝土简支梁受剪性能试验,其中8根采用普通碎石混凝土,8根梁采用页岩陶粒（轻骨料）混凝土,对轻骨料和普通混凝土梁的裂缝发展、破坏形态、斜向开裂荷载、受剪承载力、跨中挠度、裂缝面相对位移等进行了观察和测量。对比分析表明：轻骨料混凝土梁的斜向开裂荷载和受剪承载力均低于普通混凝土梁,其裂缝面较普通混凝土的更加光滑;将轻骨料混凝土梁受剪承载力试验值与采用我国JGJ 12-2006《轻骨料混凝土结构技术规程》和美国规范ACI 318-11、加拿大规范CSA 23.3-04、欧洲规范EC 2方法的计算值进行对比分析,结合此次试验结果和从国内外文献中搜集的126组已有试验数据,对我国JGJ 12-2006的受剪承载力公式的准确性和安全性进行探讨,提出了无腹筋轻骨料混凝土梁受剪承载力计算的建议公式。     

部分预制装配型钢混凝土梁受剪性能试验研究

设计制作了15个部分预制装配型钢混凝土梁试件及2个全现浇型钢混凝土梁试件,并对其进行了静力试验,对处于正、负弯矩区段的部分预制装配型钢混凝土梁和采用蜂窝型钢的部分预制装配型钢混凝土梁的受剪性能进行了研究。通过分析试件的破坏过程、箍筋应变、荷载-转角曲线,对不同参数下试件的破坏形态、破坏机理和承载能力进行研究。结合试验研究结果,对影响预制装配型钢混凝土梁受剪性能的主要因素进行了分析。结果表明：部分预制型钢混凝土梁中预制部分与现浇混凝土能够很好地共同工作,部分预制梁受剪性能与现浇型钢混凝土梁无明显差别。     

Bemessung von Fundamentplatten aus Stahlfaserbeton gemäß ÖVBB Richtlinie Faserbeton und DBV Merkblatt Stahlfaserbeton

Static Analysis and Verification of Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete Foundation Slabs according to the Austrian Guideline “Fibre reinforced concrete” and DBV (German Concrete Association) Recommendations “Steel fibre reinforced concrete” Steel fibre reinforced concrete is used for foundation slabs of housing structures since many years. The Austrian guideline [1] and the DBV recommendations [2] provide material properties and design values for calculation and verification of steel fibre reinforced concrete structural members. This paper provides a comparative study on foundation slabs taking both guidelines into account. A nonlinear finite element parameter study has been performed in order to verify a simplified static calculation and verification method. This calculation method is based on the yield line theory. This paper concludes with a sample calculation for steel fibre reinforced foundation slabs according to the Austrian and German design recommendations.     

Schubversuche an simulierten Durchlaufbalken ohne Querkraftbewehrung

Shear test on simulated continuous beams without shear reinforcement This paper presents an experimental investigation on the shear behavior of continuous beams without shear reinforcement. A total of five rectangular 2‐span reinforced concrete beams under a uniform load were tested. In each beam the shear failure was arranged to take place in the main span, while the short span was highly reinforced by stirrups. The reaction at the end support of the short span was adjusted by different schemas during the test in order to obtain different M/V‐ratios at the main span. By this means significant differences in the failure location and thus the maximum shear force at failure between continuous beams have been observed. The experimental observations showed that the shear resistance is not a pure sectional property but it represents rather a structural character, which cannot be described by the model included in EC 2. The observations were interpreted using the proposed approach and generally could be well explained. Based on the knowledges obtained from this investigation and some other experimental programs, this paper suggests some remarks on the planning of test for continuous beams that conforms to the behavior of concrete structures in the practice.     

钢纤维钢筋混凝土梁抗剪性能的研究

本文在41根集中荷载和均布荷载作用下钢纤维钢筋混凝土梁抗剪试验的基础上,全面深入地讨论了钢纤维钢筋混凝土梁的抗剪性能和机理,建立了钢纤维钢筋混凝土梁的设计、计算方法,为编制《钢纤维混凝土结构设计与施工规程》提供了依据。     

腐蚀预应力混凝土梁抗剪性能试验

为研究预应力筋腐蚀对预应力混凝土梁抗剪性能的影响,设计制作了4片预应力混凝土梁,采用外加恒电流法对单侧弯剪区局部预应力筋进行了快速腐蚀,并对不同锈蚀程度混凝土梁进行了抗剪试验,分析了预应力筋腐蚀对梁开裂、变形、钢筋受力、破坏形态以及抗剪承载力的影响,并在试验基础上对锈蚀PC梁抗剪承载力计算方法进行了探讨。结果表明:相同剪跨比下预应力筋腐蚀对混凝土梁的破坏形态影响很小,但对构件裂缝发展影响较大,引起开裂荷载显著降低;开裂前,预应力筋腐蚀对其刚度影响较小;开裂后,腐蚀引起刚度退化较为明显;预应力筋腐蚀导致相同荷载下箍筋、纵筋应变增大,构件抗剪承载力退化;预应力筋腐蚀率为3.2%,7.9%,13.2%的混凝土梁抗剪承载力分别下降5.8%,9.1%,15.5%;考虑腐蚀预应力筋截面减小,采用《混凝土结构设计规范》(GB 50010—2010)公式对PC梁抗剪承载力计算具有较高的计算精度。     

预应力钢纤维混凝土梁斜截面承载力试验和计算方法

根据２５根预应力钢纤维混凝土无腹筋梁和 ２５根预应力钢纤维混凝土配箍筋梁的试验结果,分析 了预应力、剪跨比、钢纤维含量特征值及配箍特征值等变化对预应力钢纤维混凝土梁斜截面破坏形态和斜截面 承载力的影响规律,提出了预应力钢纤维混凝土无腹筋梁和预应力钢纤维混凝土配箍筋梁的斜截面承载力计算 方法。该成果可作为《钢纤维混凝土结构设计与施工规程》增订相应条款的研究基础,并可供实际工程设计应 用参考。     

An anticipated shear design method for reinforced concrete beams strengthened with anchoraged carbon fiber‐reinforced polymer by using neural network

Using externally bonded carbon fiber‐reinforced polymer (FRP) for strengthening has been turned into a popular decision owing to its mechanical leads. Consequently, design guidelines and researchers have established several analytical equations to predict the contribution of FRP to ultimate shear capacity. The developed analytical equations projected the influence of FRP reinforcements within certain limits. However, not mentioned parameters such as the shear span‐to‐depth ratio and anchorage application influence the ultimate behavior of strengthened specimens. Accordingly, distant predictions between test results and code predictions are observed for the specimens in whom anchorage is applied. As an alternative method, artificial neural network (NN) can be used to predict the contribution of anchoraged carbon FRP to shear strength of deficient reinforced concrete beams. Accordingly, two NN models with back‐propagation are developed in this study. Unlike the existing design codes, the model considers the effect of anchorage and the shear span‐to‐depth ratio at the ultimate state. Artificial NN model is trained, validated and tested using the literature of 79 reinforced concrete beams. Then, NN results are compared with those ‘theoretical’ predictions calculated directly from International Federation for Structural Concrete, the American guideline (ACI 440.2R) and the Australian guideline. Within all theoretical predictions of design guidelines, fib14 provided the best predictions according to experimental results. Consequently, 25% of fib14 predictions are within ±10% of the experimental results, and also, 65% of the fib14 predictions are within ±25% of the measured values. Besides, executed comparisons indicated that the NN model is more exact than the guideline equations with respect to the experimental results and can be applied effectively within the range of parameters covered in this study. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

配置高强钢筋的混凝土梁裂缝试验研究

采用两点对称集中的同步分级加载方式,对8根配置500 MPa钢筋和4根配置400 MPa细晶钢筋的混凝土梁进行静力加载试验,观测试件的裂缝发展过程,了解此类构件的裂缝特点,为工程中推广应用500 MPa钢筋和400 MPa细晶钢筋提供试验依据。试验结果表明,配置500 MPa钢筋和400 MPa细晶钢筋的受弯构件裂缝发展规律与普通钢筋混凝土受弯构件基本相同,但在正常使用状态下,按照现行混凝土结构设计规范对此类构件进行裂缝宽度验算,计算值均大于试验值。同时,结合其它67根配置高强钢筋的混凝土梁试验数据,评估了现行混凝土结构设计规范裂缝宽度公式的适用性,并在该规范的计算模式基础上,提出平均裂缝间距及短期最大裂缝宽度计算的修正公式,修正公式的计算结果与试验结果符合较好。