浅析通过化学监督降低锅炉故障

针对锅炉省煤器泄露的频繁检修,通过采取化学监督防止热力设备的结垢、腐蚀和积盐,降低了锅炉故障,为锅炉的安全、经济运行提供了有力的保障.     

锅炉取样水的回收再利用

唐钢炼铁厂动力区锅炉车共有8台锅炉,要保证锅炉的汽、水品质,防止锅炉结垢、腐蚀及汽水共腾等不良现象发生,锅炉运行时要对锅炉的给水、炉水、蒸汽以及汽轮机凝结水、疏水等进行化学监督。检查汽水品质是否符合要求。每台锅炉有给水取样1支;炉水取样2支;饱和蒸汽取样2支;     

低温水系统金属腐蚀结垢与预防措施

阐述了低温水系统腐蚀结垢的原因及其危害。并提出了预防低温水系统腐蚀结垢的初步方案，可供低温水系统的运行管理提供参考。     

降低燃气锅炉排烟热损失的探索与实施

针对排烟温度高与排烟量大两方面原因进行分析,采用添加换热器、低氧燃烧和添加阻垢缓蚀药剂的方法,确保降低排烟温度的同时不对受热面产生腐蚀和结垢,成功降低了排烟热损失,提升了锅炉效率。     

总排污水处理后回用于循环冷却水系统的初探

通过现场测试和挂片试验对包钢总排水水质类型及其用于高炉循环冷却系统的现状进行了调查研究。确定了在现有条件下4#高炉循环冷却水系统的水质类型为腐蚀为主，兼有结垢；总排回水为微量结垢和腐蚀型水质，随着浓缩倍数的增加逐步转化为严重结垢型水质。     

2500m^3高炉冷却壁清洗实践

通过马钢2500m^3高炉冷却壁保护性化学清洗实践，着重叙述了高炉冷却壁的结垢原因、结垢及腐蚀机理、结垢的危害，以及保护性化学清洗的工艺、控制要点和效果评价。     

燃气锅炉低温受热面积灰腐蚀的原因分析及对策

莱钢热电厂全燃煤气锅炉低温受热面积灰腐蚀严重，通过对锅炉低温受热面腐蚀、采用积灰调整措施，消除了空气预热器低温化学腐蚀和低温粘灰堵塞隐患，确保了锅炉设备的安全稳定运行。     

换热器的化学清洗实践

论述了换热器的结垢原因、危害、结垢和腐蚀机理，以及换热器化学清洗的工艺和控制要点。事实证明，用化学方法清除污垢和提高换热效率非常有效。     

GY—Ⅰ型除垢剂酸洗技术除垢效果好

<正> 锅炉和水冷设备的结垢现象是普遍存在的,结垢后影响锅炉和设备的安全运行,降低了传热效果,造成大量的能源浪费。因此,结垢到一定程度,需没法清除。目前除垢方法大多数采用含有缓蚀剂的单一酸洗法,有一定的局限性。赣州有色冶金研究所研制的GY-Ⅰ型除垢剂酸洗技术是以盐酸、氢氟酸按特定比例     

煤气净循环水系统的腐蚀结垢问题及措施

介绍了煤气净循环水系统目前较为严重的腐蚀和结垢情况,分析了腐蚀结垢原因,通过添加缓蚀阻钙剂、加大供水量和加强管理,取得了初步效果.     

Cu-Ni合金腐蚀行为的宏观电化学研究进展

综述了Cu-Ni合金腐蚀行为的宏观电化学的国内外研究进展.介绍了合金成分、外界环境、腐蚀产物膜及初始表面膜等因素对Cu-Ni合金耐蚀性能的影响，详细介绍了合金元素通过影响腐蚀产物膜的组织结构从而影响腐蚀过程的各种理论，针对目前Cu-Ni合金腐蚀行为的研究不足作出了适当的分析并指出了今后的研究方向.      

冷却水对H型钢表面氧化铁皮耐蚀性能的影响

采用光学显微镜对试验样品表面进行观察和分析,利用水质分析仪对氧化铁皮中残留的腐蚀性介质的浓度进行测定。通过极化曲线和电化学阻抗等电化学测试方法,研究了H型钢样品表面氧化铁皮的耐腐蚀性能变化。结果表明:水冷样品表面锈蚀严重,原因是其表层氧化铁皮中阴离子含量高,腐蚀介质易渗入氧化膜内层,导致耐蚀性能降低。     

井筒装备防腐设计与实践

简要介绍了井筒装备的腐蚀机理和防腐的基本工艺，通过对3个矿山不同环境下的3种非常规防腐方案的综合比较分析，确定了仑上金矿井筒的合理防腐方案。     

Formation Characteristic of CO2 Corrosion Product Layer of P110 Steel Investigated by SEM and Electrochemical Techniques

 Formation characteristic of CO2 corrosion product layer on the surface of P110 steel was investigated in simulated oilfield environment using mass loss experiment, potentiodynamic polarization curve, impedance spectroscopy, and SEM micrograph analysis. Samples of different times up to 240 h were tested during exposure. Corrosion product was primarily composed of Fe(Ca,Mg)(CO3)2, which was distinguished by two layers. With an increase in the exposure time, the charge transfer resistance and polarization resistance increased progressively, the uniform corrosion rate decreased, and the corrosion reaction was controlled by the diffusion process instead of the activation process. All phenomena were attributed to the formation of the protective corrosion product layer. More compact and lower porosity of the layer made it more difficult to transfer and diffuse through the corrosion product layer for the charges and ions. Similar results were obtained by electrochemical test and mass loss experiment.     

Kinetics and mechanism of corrosion of laboratory hot briquetted iron

While considerable work has been reported in the literature on the corrosion behavior and products of direct reduced iron and sponge iron, very little has been published on hot briquetted iron (HBI). The present article reports the kinetics and mechanism of HBI corrosion. As corrosion is an electrochemical process, measurements using electrochemical techniques have been made and these are compared to data gained by measuring mass changes in the briquettes over time. Similar trends were seen in data from both techniques, and the corrosion extent predicted by electrochemical measurements in saline solution was very close to the mass gain result obtained. Kinetic analysis of the data from mass gain over time trials was conducted. The activation energy for corrosion at temperatures between 25 °C and 80 °C has been calculated. The values of activation energy obtained indicate that corrosion was predominantly controlled by diffusion of oxygen in the liquid state. The internal structure of the briquettes was observed by microscopy both before and after corrosion in distilled water.     

空压机冷却器结垢原因分析及预防

从工艺流程，水质等方面分析了柳钢空压机冷却器结垢的成因，介绍了清洗及预防结垢的办法。     

Multidimensional scaling of emotional facial expressions: Similarity from preschoolers to adults.

Structural models of emotion represent the fact that emotions are perceived as systematically interrelated. These interrelations may reveal a basic property of the human conception of emotions, or they may represent an artifact that is due to semantic relations learned along with the emotion lexicon. The 1st alternative was supported by results from a series of scalings of 20 emotional facial expressions, results that could not easily be attributed to word similarity. Similarity data on the facial expressions were obtained from 30 undergraduates and 42 4–5 yr olds. For both groups, similarity was measured without the use of emotion labels by asking Ss to group together people who appear to feel alike. The structure of emotions obtained from both children and adults was as predicted: a roughly circular order in a 2-dimensional space, the axes of which could be interpreted as pleasure–displeasure and arousal–sleepiness. The form and meaning of this structure was supported through 2 additional scalings of the facial expressions with adults: a multidimensional scaling based on direct ratings of similarity–dissimilarity and unidimensional scalings on the pleasure–displeasure and arousal–sleepiness dimensions. (27 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

微弧氧化对7050铝合金腐蚀行为的影响

采用微弧氧化(MAO)技术在7050铝合金表面制备了陶瓷膜层,运用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱分析仪(EDS)表征陶瓷膜微观结构,采用动电位极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和慢应变速率拉伸试验(SSRT)研究了微弧氧化膜对7050铝合金在3.5%(质量分数) NaCl水溶液中腐蚀和应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)行为的影响.结果表明:微弧氧化膜层由表面疏松层与内部致密层组成,表面疏松层主要由Al₂O₃组成,内部致密层由氧化铝与铝烧结而成.微弧氧化膜层可以有效抑制7050铝合金表面的腐蚀萌生及明显降低腐蚀速率,且使7050铝合金的应力腐蚀敏感性出现显著下降.      

无铅易切削石墨黄铜抗脱锌腐蚀性能的正交设计

采用粉末冶金方法,制备以石墨代替铅元素的环保型易切削黄铜。利用正交实验法,分析石墨粒度、石墨含量、烧结温度以及烧结时间对无铅易切削黄铜的抗脱锌腐蚀性能的影响。试验表明:烧结温度对无铅易切削黄铜抗脱锌腐蚀性能的影响最大,烧结时间次之。含0.1%的粒度为1.5μm石墨的易切削黄铜,在865℃下保温60 min,其脱锌腐蚀深度最小,抗脱锌腐蚀性能最佳。     

稀土对碳锰钢耐蚀性能的影响

在碳锰钢中添加单一稀土元素镧和铈,通过测试其腐蚀速度和点蚀特征参数值,考察了材料耐蚀性能的变化。结果表明,稀土对碳锰钢耐蚀性能的提高有作用,添加稀土所引起的组织变化是导致耐蚀性变化的主要原因。