一个虚拟Internet服务器的设计与实现

针对已有的解决Internet服务器性能瓶颈和可靠性问题的方法所存在的不足,提出基于IP层负载平衡调度的解决方法,将一组服务器构成一个可伸缩的、高可用的虚拟Internet服务器.通过在服务机群中透明地加入和删除结点以实现系统的伸缩性;通过检测结点或服务进程故障和正确地重置系统达到高可用性.详细讨论了虚拟Internet服务器的体系结构、设计方法和实现技术,并给出了相应的性能测试结果.     

基于DNS的负载均衡算法研究

随着网站访问量的增加,一些网站往往有多个地理上分布的提供相同服务内容的服务器群组,因此需要进行负载均衡处理。文章概括分析了现有的几种负载均衡算法,并提出了两种基于DNS的负载均衡新方法。该方法通过域名解析,根据每个服务器的可用性、客户与服务器之间的距离,以及地理范围匹配值,按照从优到劣的顺序返回网站的多个服务器的IP地址。     

基于LVS＋KEEPALIVED的高可用负载均衡研究与应用

本文针对网络服务商普遍面临的的高并发访问量导致响应速度迟缓的问题进行分析,研究了基于LVS（Linux虚拟服务器）和KEEPALIVED（交换机制软件）的高可用负载均衡的原理,实现了一个可伸缩的、高可用的并具有容错容灾能力的负载均衡系统,该系统采用VS/DR的模式搭建,系统基于IP层和基于内容请求分发的负载平衡调度解决算法,将这些算法在Linux内核中进行实现,并对系统的高可用和负载均衡进行实验,实验证明,该负载均衡系统能对客户的请求进行分流,能有效减轻单个服务器的负载压力.     

基于集群的负载平衡调度算法研究与实现

在集群系统的负载调度研究中,针对请求的服务时间变化大的特点,该文提出了一个动态反馈负载平衡算法,它结合内核中的加权连接调度算法,根据动态反馈回来的负载信息来调整服务器的权值,从而有效地解决服务器问的负载不平衡问题,提高了系统的吞吐率。     

A dual-direction technique for fast file downloads with dynamic load balancing in the Cloud

File downloads make up a large percentage of the Internet traffic to satisfy various clients using distributed environments for their Cloud, Grid and Internet applications. In particular, the Cloud has become a popular data storage provider and users (individuals and corporates) are relying heavily on it to keep their data. Furthermore, most cloud data servers replicate their data storage infrastructures and servers at various sites to meet the overall high demands of their clients and increase availability. However, most of them do not use that replication to enhance the download performance per client. To make use of this redundancy and to enhance the download speed, we introduce a fast and efficient concurrent technique for downloading large files from replicated Cloud data servers and traditional FTP servers as well. The technique, DDFTP utilizes the availability of replicated files on distributed servers to enhance file download times through concurrent downloads of file blocks from opposite directions in the files. DDFTP does not require coordination between the servers and relies on the in-order and reliability features of TCP to provide fast file downloads. In addition, DDFTP offers efficient load balancing among multiple heterogeneous data servers with minimal overhead. As a result, we can maximize network utilization while maintaining efficient load balancing on dynamic environments where resources, current loads and operational properties vary dynamically. We implemented and evaluated DDFTP and experimentally demonstrated considerable performance gains for file downloads compared to other concurrent/parallel file/data download models.     

一类DHT算法中负载的概率分布

根据节点之间间距的概率,推导出Chord、Pastry和虚拟服务器(VS)平衡方案下节点负载的概率分布。分析表明在这些分布式哈希表(DHT)算法中,节点负载都服从相同形式的伽马分布。特别地,当一个物理节点上放置20个虚拟节点,以概率0.99保证节点之间的负载差异不超过两倍。仿真实验验证了以上结果。     

一种基于网络地址转换的负载均衡算法

本文探讨集群服务器使用的负载均衡技术及负载分配的策略,并将网络地址转换应用于VOD集群,将负载分给多个服务器分担,以解决VOD集群服务器面临的大量并发访问造成的CPU或I/O的高负载问题。为了达到最佳的负载均衡效果,负载均衡器需要根据各个服务器的当前CPU和I/O状态来分配负载,这就需要动态监视服务器的负载,并应用优化的负载分配策略,达到平均分配负载的目的。     

负载均衡算法在智慧矿山软件平台中的应用

针对现有负载均衡算法在处理智慧矿山系统数据时存在处理速度慢、无法合理利用现有资源完成任务调度等问题,提出一种基于布谷鸟搜索的加权最小连接数(CS-WLC)算法,并将其应用于智慧矿山软件平台解决负载均衡问题。该算法综合考虑后端服务器处理速率、内存容量、磁盘IO速率、网络吞吐量、进程数指标,通过对指标赋予权值计算各后端服务器利用率;根据计算结果,采用布谷鸟搜索算法对后端服务器进行全局寻优,得到一组较优解;考虑连接数及使用频率对后端服务器赋予权值,采用加权最小连接数(WLC)算法在较优解中选取负载较轻的后端服务器处理实时数据存取和用户访问请求。采用分布式融合性监控系统软件平台进行负载均衡测试,结果表明在数据量不断增多的情况下,与WLC算法相比,CS-WLC算法应答时延小、响应连接数多,从而验证了CS-WLC算法具有更好的负载均衡效果。     

穿过代理服务器获取本机到远程服务器的路由

通过代理服务器接入Internet的局域网中的主机,在和远程服务器通信时,IP地址都要受代理服务器的处理,无法直接通过TCP/IP和远程服务器通信,引入了应用层的HTTP协议,完成了和远程服务器的通信,又通过本地端口绑定技术,从收集到的众多包中识别出哪个是由指定远程服务器发回来的,从而过滤出相应的路由信息.     

Efficient, proximity-aware load balancing for DHT-based P2P systems

Many solutions have been proposed to tackle the load balancing issue in DHT-based P2P systems. However, all these solutions either ignore the heterogeneity nature of the system, or reassign loads among nodes without considering proximity relationships, or both. In this paper, we present an efficient, proximity-aware load balancing scheme by using the concept of virtual servers. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to use proximity information in load balancing. In particular, our main contributions are: 1) relying on a self-organized, fully distributed k-ary tree structure constructed on top of a DHT, load balance is achieved by aligning those two skews in load distribution and node capacity inherent in P2P systems - that is, have higher capacity nodes carry more loads; 2) proximity information is used to guide virtual server reassignments such that virtual servers are reassigned and transferred between physically close heavily loaded nodes and lightly loaded nodes, thereby minimizing the load movement cost and allowing load balancing to perform efficiently; and 3) our simulations show that our proximity-aware load balancing scheme reduces the load movement cost by 11-65 percent for all the combinations of two representative network topologies, two node capacity profiles, and two load distributions of virtual servers. Moreover, we achieve virtual server reassignments in O(log N) time.     

集群系统负载均衡性能测试研究

分析影响集群系统性能的关键因素,提出在Linux下架设负载均衡系统,获取集群系统关键性能参数,加权计算真实服务器的负载。根据服务器负载由负载均衡器动态分配连接请求,使集群达到负载均衡。使用不同的客户端进行测试,分析比较不同测试软件的测试结果,为改进集群系统的负载均衡性能提供支持。     

云计算环境下的DPSO资源负载均衡算法

负载均衡问题是云计算研究的热点问题之一。运用离散粒子群算法对云计算环境下的负载均衡问题进行研究,根据云计算环境下资源需求动态变化,并且对资源节点服务器的要求较低的特点,把各个资源节点当做网络拓扑结构中的各个节点,建立相应的资源-任务分配模型,运用离散粒子群算法实现资源负载均衡。验证表明,该算法提高了资源利用率和云计算资源的负载均衡。     

基于Linux虚拟服务器的负载均衡算法

分析Linux虚拟服务器负载均衡调度过程,提出一种基于Linux虚拟服务器的负载均衡算法。该算法结合系统资源类型和服务器权重系数,依据服务器加权负载标准差,进行集群真实服务器负载状况分析,动态调整服务器权重系数,对改进的最小连接数调度算法进行负载均衡调度。测试结果验证了该算法的有效性。     

Understanding and Dealing with Common Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Application Security

Abstract

In the early days of the Internet, most computers had a clearly defined role: storage, computation, management, and identity were all responsibilities relegated to servers. This was due primarily to the fact that servers were capable of supporting these functions, and personal computers were capable of little more than running a browser. Additionally, servers were given a static address and name, and maintained a persistent connection to the Internet. In contrast to servers, most Internet-connected personal computers did not have a static identity on the Internet. That is, personal computers did not maintain a regular IP address, name, or persistent presence on the Internet. Based on the unreliable presence of personal computers on the Internet, these machines were incapable of sharing their computing resources to actively participate as a component of a larger system.     

基于动态权重的一致性哈希微服务负载均衡优化

随着互联网技术的发展,互联网服务器集群的负载能力正在面临着前所未有的挑战,实现合理的负载均衡策略尤为重要。为了使负载均衡达到最佳的效率,可以使用一致性哈希算法来对集群负载均衡系统进行负载分配。针对微服务架构的服务器集群场景,对该集群负载均衡的特性进行分析,提出一种基于虚拟节点的一致性哈希环的设计与分割方法及基于动态权值的分配策略,在一致性哈希算法的基础上,实现服务集群之间的负载转移,解决微服务集群中服务负载增多,导致服务之间负载不均衡的问题,防止其中某些服务因为负载压力过大,导致服务崩溃的问题。经实验表明,与传统的一致性哈希算法相比,改进后的负载均衡策略负载不均衡的概率是原来的31%;并且动态分配策略具有良好的负载均衡性能,有效地解决了微服务分布式架构的负载均衡问题。     

基于Nginx负载均衡的动态改进算法

随着过去几十年互联网服务的指数增长,各大网站的访问量急剧上升。海量的用户请求使得热门网站的网络请求率可能在几秒钟内大规模增加。一旦服务器承受不住这样的高并发请求,由此带来的网络拥塞和延迟会极大地影响用户体验。负载均衡是高可用网络基础架构的关键组件,通过在后端引入一个负载均衡器,将工作负载分布到多个服务器来缓解海量并发请求对服务器造成的巨大压力,提高后端服务器和数据库的性能以及可靠性。而Nginx作为一款高性能的HTTP和反向代理服务器,正越来越多地应用到实践中。文中将分析Nginx服务器负载均衡的体系架构,研究默认的加权轮询算法,并提出一种改进后的动态负载均衡算法,实时收集负载信息,重新计算并分配权值。通过实验测试,对比不同算法下的负载均衡性能,改进后的算法能有效提高服务器集群的性能。     

Distributed cooperative Web servers

Traditional techniques for a distributed web server design rely on manipulation of central resources, such as routers or DNS services, to distribute requests designated for a single IP address to multiple web servers. The goal of the distributed cooperative Web server (DCWS) system development is to explore application-level techniques for distributing web content. We achieve this by dynamically manipulating the hyperlinks stored within the web documents themselves. The DCWS system effectively eliminates the bottleneck of centralized resources, while balancing the load among distributed web servers. DCWS servers may be located in different networks, or even different continents and still balance load effectively. DCWS system design is fully compatible with existing HTTP protocol semantics and existing web client software products.     

紧耦合的流媒体缓存代理协作机制研究

位于因特网骨干网和同一接入网之间的流媒体缓存代理服务器相互协作，可以提高缓存命中率，保持负载平衡。该文提出了一种共享缓存空间的紧耦合的多代理服务器协作机制，给出了多代理协作的缓存替换策略和负载平衡算法。通过NS2模拟验证，该机制可以使系统保持更好的性能。     

面向因特网应用的容错和负载平衡管理

针对因特网应用的三层客户／服务器体系结构,本文设计并实现了一个面向冗余服务的管理系统ＯＭ。它采用分布对象技术,基于ＣＯＲＢＡ平台,为冗余服务提供了容错和负载平衡管理服务,同时它还为系统管理员提供了管理接口,为用户提供了对服务的透明访问机制。