国外炭黑文摘

用以非石墨化炭黑作参照系的密度泛函理论分析活性炭的孔隙尺寸分布；改善热缝填料的炭黑浆料；纳米炭黑敏化溶胶一凝胶氧化物的光电子、光催化性能对比；用分子层结构理论研究N2、Ar、丙酮、氯仿和丙酮-氯仿混合物在炭黑上的吸附性；乙烯一乙酸乙烯醋共聚物和乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物／炭黑混合物的γ辐射对比研究；     

纳米结构炭黑改善轮胎性能

综述国外纳米结构炭黑的开发、应用情况，主要介绍德固萨公司纳米结构炭黑的性能及其在轮胎中的应用。     

表面形态及其对炭黑活性的影响

用STM研究了不同品种炭黑的表面形态，该方法的高分辨率使得能够获得表面的细部图像，不同品种炭黑的活性归因于纳米级石墨微晶的横向尺寸不同及其相对于表面的取向程度大小。用均方根法和码尺法获得了表面的分维值，将所得结果与用X射线小角散射法所得分维值作了比较。     

粘土/炭黑/NR纳米复合材料的性能研究

在乳液插层法制备的粘土／NR纳米复合材料中加入炭黑，制得粘土／炭黑／NR纳米复合材料，并对其微观结构和性能进行研究。结果表明，炭黑的加入并没有影响粘土在NR基体中的分散状态，粘士炭黑和在NR基体中均达到纳米级分散；炭黑的加入削弱了粘土所形成填料网络的强度，从而改善了复合材料的加工性能；与粘土／NR纳米复合材料相比，粘土／炭黑／NR纳米复合材料的综合物理性能较好。     

理查德森开发新品种炭黑

在美国《橡胶塑料新闻》主办的2007橡胶软管会议上,理查德森公司发表一篇题为《新炭黑的开发》的论文,介绍了该公司橡胶用炭黑新品种。这种炭黑的结构较高、聚集体尺寸分布较宽,而比表面积介于胎面炭黑和胎体炭黑之间。它赋予胶料独特的性能：由于结构较高,导致胶料的模量、硬度和粘度较高;然而由于低表面积和宽聚集体尺寸分布,使胶料具有较低的滞后性能。     

炭黑表面的纳米结构对橡胶的补强作用

通过扫描隧道显微镜(STM)技术了解到炭黑粒子表面的鳞片状石墨微晶组成的纳米级精细结构，并研究炭黑对橡胶的补强机理。研究表明，炭黑表面的纳米结构使橡胶分子链网络缠绕在炭黑表面，并将外来应力分散到其它分子网络上，共同分担应力，使橡胶弹性体体系不至于迅速破坏。     

UHMWPE/炭黑抗静电复合材料的研究

制备了导电炭黑(CB)填充UHMWPE抗静电复合材料。实验结果表明,在经表面固相接枝改性的UHMWPE/CB复合体系中,炭黑渗滤区含量为5%~7%,表面电阻ρs从1014Ω下降到107Ω,较低的炭黑含量确保了复合材料优异的耐磨性;同时扫描电镜(SEM)表征证明炭黑在改性UHMWPE中达到纳米分散,形成双重纳米导电网络结构,这种双重纳米导电结构提高了复合材料的抗静电性能、力学性能和热变形温度。     

色素炭黑着色力和黑度测试中一些问题的探讨

炭黑的粒径、结构、聚集体尺寸及其分布是炭黑的基本性质。这些基本性质直接影响炭黑在橡胶中的加工性能和补强性，对于色素炭黑则影响其黑度、光泽、覆盖力等特性。因此对于橡胶用炭黑与色素炭黑，了解其粒径、结构和聚集体大小及其分布等特性是至关重要的。而与这些特性紧密相关的宏观表征为着色强度、     

纳米炭黑填充的Lyocell纤维的结构与性能

研究了纳米炭黑在Lyocell纺丝溶液中的分散性,制备不同含量纳米炭黑填充的Lyocell纤维,分析了纤维的结构与性能。结果表明:纳米炭黑在Lyocell纺丝溶液中具有良好的分散性;所得的纤维仍然具有纤维素Ⅱ晶型的结构,同时还保留了纳米炭黑的特征衍射峰;填充了纳米炭黑的纤维力学性能略有降低,但热稳定性不变;SEM结果表明纳米炭黑填充的Lyocell纤维表面光滑且截面为圆形,结构更加致密。     

纳米碳酸钙/炭黑并用对丁苯橡胶性能的影响

研究了纳米碳酸钙／N330炭黑并用比对丁苯橡胶性能的影响。结果表明，随着CaCO3／N330并用比的改变，材料的强度有了显著的提高，特别是CaCOa／N330并用比为20／30(质量份)时复合材料的拉伸强度达到了20MPa以上，同时材料具有较好的弹性和较低的硬度；两种处理剂相比，树脂酸处理的碳酸钙具有较好的性能；表面处理的纳米炭酸钙与炭黑并用，可以降低炭黑填充橡胶的动态滞后，表面处理的纳米碳酸钙的加工性能比纳米炭黑好，可以通过并用纳米碳酸钙来改善炭黑胶料的加工性能。     

Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Some Composites with Polymeric Matrix

Abstract

The present study aims to investigate the dielectric properties as well as the mechanical properties of polymethyl methacrylate-carbon black and polyester-carbon black composites using semi-reinforcing furnace (SRF) and high abrasion furnace (HAF) carbon blacks.

The permittivity ε' was found to increase by increasing carbon black content and showed anomalous dispersion. The absorption spectra (ε'' vs. frequency) from 100 Hz to 10 MHz were analyzed using a computer program based on Fröhlich terms. Four absorption regions were obtained for either the polymer matrix or loaded samples.

The first region in the lower frequency range could be attributed to Maxwell-Wagner effect resulting from the differences in the conductivities of the ingredients of the composite. The second and third regions in the higher frequency range could be attributed to the large and small aggregates caused by movements of the main chain. The fourth region may occur due to segmental rotation (ester group or carbonyl group) or local twisting motion of the main chain. At higher carbon black concentration, the relaxation time for different regions except that for Maxwell-Wagner effect became higher and carbon black seems to interact with the polymer matrix giving rise to large aggregates resulting high relaxation times.

The mechanical properties for the investigated samples were also examined, the results showed that the tensile strength is higher in the case of smaller particle size carbon black HAF. This could be attributed to a good incorporation of carbon black of small particle size into the polymer matrix. Also, the morphology study indicates the presence of aggregates and some arrangements on adding carbon black.     

Studies on Epdm/Nr Blends. I. Dielectric and Mechanical Properties

Ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer rubberlnatural rubber blends (EPDM/NR) in different proportions (100 : 0, 75 : 25, 50 : 50, 25 : 75, and 0 : 100) reinforced with 20 phr semireinforcing furnace carbon black have been studied. The permittivity ?' and dielectric loss ?″ for these samples were determined in the frequency range 10²–10⁷ Hz. Also, their physico-mechanical properties were investigated.

The EPDM/NR blend (75 : 25) possessed the best mechanical properties and stability against aging. Thus, it was chosen to explore the effect of adding carbon black in different quantities up to 50 phr on its electrical and mechanical properties. Three different types of carbon black. namely high-abrasion furnace black, fast-extrusion furnace black, and medium thermal black, were used. At a certain concentration of carbon black, referred to as the threshold percolation concentration, an abrupt increase in ?′ and ?″, which depends on its type, was detected. This could be attributed to some sort of interaction between the blend and the carbon black at higher concentrations.     

Cure characteristics,swelling behaviors,and mechanical properties of carbon black filler reinforced EPDM/NBR blend system

The effect of carbon black fillers viz. semireinforcing furnace (SRF), high abrasion furnace (HAF) and intermediate super abrasion furnace (ISAF) carbon blacks on the cure, swelling and mechanical properties of 70/30 EPDM/NBR blend have been investigated. The maximum torque values have been found to be increased with increase in filler loading. Filledsystems have been found to exhibit a reduced solvent uptake tendency compared to the unfilled sample. Blends loaded with ISAF exhibited the lowest toluene uptake among the carbon black filled systems due to the better filler reinforcement. A more uniform morphology has been observed for ISAF‐filled samples compared to the other filler loaded systems. The improvement in the mechanical properties has been observed to be the highest for ISAF‐filled samples followed by HAF and SRF filled systems. This has been attributed to the smaller particle size of ISAF black. The experimental results of mechanical testing have been compared with various theoretical models. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

新型无机纳米填料对SBR的补强性能

研究了纳米白炭黑、纳米二氧化钛、纳米氧化铝和白炭黑分别与炭黑并用对SBR的补强性能,并与单独充炭黑进行了对比。试验结果表明,纳米白炭黑／炭黑并用体系能够显提高SBR硫化胶的拉伸性能、热氧老化性能和疲劳性能,而纳米氧化铝／炭黑和纳米二氧化钛／炭黑并用体系能够提高SBR硫化胶的耐磨性。     

纳米白炭黑/炭黑并用对SBR硫化胶性能的影响

研究了纳米白炭黑／炭黑并用体系对ＳＢＲ硫化胶物理性能及磨耗形态的影响,并提出了补强模型。结果表明,纳米白炭黑／炭黑并用体系可提高补强效果,当其并用比为６／２４时,硫化胶的拉伸强度和撕裂强度最大,耐磨性最佳。硫化胶补强性能的提高,一方面需要粒子与大分子之间有较强的结合力,另一方面还需要粒子表面上的产生滑移。     

Electrical Conductivity of Styrene‐Butadiene Rubber/Polyester Short‐Fiber Reinforced with Different Types of Carbon Black

Abstract

Measurements of electrical conductivity for a composite of styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR) and polyester (PE) short‐fiber reinforced with different types of carbon black [high abrasion furnace (HAF) and fast extruding furnace (FEF) black] in increasing quantities have been carried out at different temperatures (30–60°C). To find out the effect of the type of carbon black, particle size, and the quantity of carbon black, on the electrical conductivity of the SBR/PE short‐fiber composites. It was found that the electrical conductivity increases as the carbon content increases in the composites. Samples loaded with FEF carbon black showed lower conductivity values in comparison with those loaded with HAP carbon black, besides, they possess a reasonable conducting stability as the temperature rises. The results are discussed and interpreted.     

Effect of mechanical activation on syntheses temperature of TiC reinforced iron-based nano-composite from ilmenite concentrate

In this research the possibility of producing Fe–TiC from ilmenite concentrate and carbon black using mechanically activated sintering has been investigated. Ilmenite and carbon black were placed in a planetary ball mill and sampled after different milling times. The activated powders were synthesized at different temperatures in an atmosphere control tube furnace. Studies showed that synthesizing temperature has been remarkably decreased by increasing the milling time. Also it was seen from the width of X-ray patterns peaks that the size of produced TiC crystals is in the order of nanometer. Furthermore the lattice parameter had deviated slightly from the standard size.     

DC conduction in butyl rubber (IIR) loaded with carbon black

Current–voltage characteristics of samples of butyl rubber loaded with two different types of carbon black have been studied at different temperatures in the voltage range 10–3 KV. The conduction mechanism was found to follow the conventional band approach followed by the hopping model for isobutylene isoprene rubber (IIR) mixed with 40 phr of fast-extrusion furnace black (FEF) carbon black and the hopping model for IIR mixed with 50 phr of semireinforcing furnace black (SRF) carbon black. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Effect of mixing on the properties of nanocarbon containing Al2O3-C continuous casting refractories

The functional refractories used in steel casting operations are usually made up of alumina-carbon compositions having graphite as the major source of carbon. In recent times, to reduce the carbon content and to enhance the performance by designing microstructure at nano-sized level, several nano carbon sources and organic binders are introduced to traditional carbon-based refractories. The homogenous distribution of nano carbon sources within the refractory composition is important to get the advantages of its use. In the present work, nanocarbon black is used along with graphite in the alumina-carbon system. Three different mixing procedures are followed and how mixing effects the physical and mechanical properties is evaluated. The mixing order with proper nanocarbon distribution throughout the batch composition provided significant improvement in the properties. The microstructural analysis and in situ phase developments in the samples at different temperatures are also studied.