纳米ZnO对纳米ZrO2(8Y)致密特性及电导率影响研究

采用纳米ZrO2(8Y)粉和纳米ZnO粉为原料,对掺少量ZnO的ZrO2(8Y)进行无压烧结研究.实验结果表明,掺少量的ZnO能促进ZrO2与Y2O3的反应,加快四方相向立方相的转变,样品致密度和电导率显著提高.掺0.5wt％ZnO样品在1200℃煅烧2h的陶瓷致密度为94％,700℃时的电导率为9.02×10-3cm-1·Ω-1.     

低温共烧氧化铝/玻璃复合基板材料的研究

以低软化点的钙硼硅酸盐玻璃和氧化铝粉末为原料,制备了氧化铝/玻璃低温共烧复合基板材料。所需的玻璃粉体采用溶胶-凝胶法制备。研究了烧结温度和氧化铝含量对复合材料的烧结特性、介电性能以及力学性能的影响。结果表明,当氧化铝质量分数为50%,复合材料经950℃、保温2 h烧结后,其εr=5.92,tanδ=5.7×10-4,ρ=1012Ω.cm,抗弯强度σ=167.82 MPa,热膨胀系数α=4.86×10-6/℃,可望作为低温共烧多层陶瓷基板材料应用。     

低温合成ZnO-Li2O-B2O3-SiO2系陶瓷材料

采用微晶玻璃工艺,制备出一种ZnO-Li2O-B2O3-SiO2系陶瓷材料.该体系材料可在900℃空气气氛中烧结.烧结体的介电常数低于4,介电损耗为1.3×10-3.该烧结体中的晶相主要为圆球状和长柱状的Zn2SiO4,以及块状的SiO2.该材料适用于超高频多层片式电感领域.     

固相法制备低温烧结B2O3-P2O5-SiO2系低介陶瓷材料

采用传统的电子陶瓷生产工艺,制备出一种B2O3-P2O5-SiO2系瓷料.该体系材料加入少量助烧剂可在900℃,空气气氛中烧结,获得低介电常数陶瓷.得到烧结体的介电常数ε≤5、介电损耗tanδ≤3×10-3(1MHz),有望用于超高频叠层片式电感领域.     

Zn0.9Mg0.1O:Ga宽带隙导电膜的 PLD制备及性能研究

利用脉冲激光沉积法(PLD)制备了Ga掺杂的Zn0.9Mg0.1O(ZMOGa)宽带隙透明导电薄膜.采用各种分析手段研究了沉积温度和真空退火处理对薄膜结构、表面形貌及光电性能的影响.结果表明,制备的薄膜具有ZnO(002)择优取向;200℃下沉积的薄膜通过3×10-3Pa的真空400℃退火2h后,其电阻率由8.12×10-4Ω·cm减小到4.74×10-4Ω·cm,禁带宽度则由原来的3.83eV增加到3.90eV.退火处理增强了薄膜的择优取向和结晶度、增加了禁带宽度、提高了载流子浓度并使其透射谱线的光学吸收边发生蓝移现象.     

快中子辐照CZ-Si的FTIR分析

应用FTIR技术研究了不同剂量(1×1017～1.17×1019n/cm2)快中子辐照直拉硅(CZ-Si)的辐照缺陷和间隙氧在不同温度热处理时的行为.发现随辐照剂量的增加未退火的样品的间隙氧含量迅速下降,并且间隙氧的下降明显分为3个阶段.FTIR谱表明快中子辐照后主要的辐照缺陷为VO(829 cm-1)复合体.在低温条件下热处理300℃829cm-1(VO)开始消失并出现了825 cm-1(V2O2)、833cm-1(V3O2)、和840cm-1(V2O)和919cm-1(I2O2)四个红外吸收峰,退火温度升高到500℃后只剩下了825cm-1和919cm-1两个缺陷-杂质复合体的红外吸收峰.高温1100℃0.5h辐照引入的缺陷-杂质复合体很快的被消除.延长退火时间辐照样品和未辐照样品的间隙氧沉淀速度有很大的不同.     

掺镝的氟锆酸盐玻璃的光谱

测量了氟锆酸盐玻璃中Dy3+离子的吸收光谱和荧光光谱,得到了Dy3+离子的J-O参量Ωt,Ω2=3.29×10 20cm2,Ω4=1.56×10 20cm2,Ω6=2.48×10 20cm2.计算了氟锆酸盐玻璃中Dy3+离子的发射特性,Dy3+离子1.3μm发射的6F11/2(6H9/2)→6H15/2跃迁的发射截面σe=0.62×10-20cm2.研究了Dy3+离子浓度对其荧光强度的影响,当Dy3+离子掺杂浓度(摩尔分数)超过1.5%时,发生了浓度淬灭效应.     

掺铒碲酸盐玻璃光谱性质的J-O计算

研究了掺Er3+碲酸盐玻璃的吸收和荧光光谱性质;应用Judd-Ofelt理论计算了碲酸盐玻璃中Er3+离子的强度参数Ω(Ω2=4.79 × 10-20cm2,Ω4=1.52×10-20cm2,Ω6=0.66×10-20cm2),计算了离子的自发跃迁几率,荧光分支比;应用McCumber理论计算了Er3+的受激发射截面(σe=10.40 × 10-21cm2)、Er3+离子4I13/2→4I15/2发射谱的荧光半高宽(FWHM=65.5nm)及各能级的荧光寿命(4I13/2能级τrad=3.99ms);比较了不同基质玻璃中Er3+离子的光谱特性,结果表明掺铒碲酸盐玻璃更适合于掺Er3+光纤放大器实现宽带和高增益放大.     

两步镀膜Ti/Al/Ti/Au的n型GaN欧姆接触研究

报道了一种可靠稳定且低接触电阻的n型GaN欧姆接触。首先在掺硅的n型GaN(3×1018cm-3)蒸镀Ti(30nm)/Al(500nm),然后在氮气环境530℃合金化3min,最后蒸镀Ti(100nm)/Au(1000nm)用于保护Al层不被氧化。该接触电极有良好的欧姆接触特性,比接触电阻率为8.8×10-5Ωcm2,表面平坦、稳定、易焊线,可应用于制作高性能的GaN器件.     

溶胶-凝胶制备(Ca0.7Mg0.3)SiO3陶瓷及其微波介电性能

以硝酸钙、硝酸镁、正硅酸乙酯为先驱体, 利用溶胶-凝胶法合成了(Ca_0.7Mg_0.3)SiO₃陶瓷粉体, 研究了不同物相和粒径粉体的烧结特性以及陶瓷的微波介电性能. 结果表明: 干凝胶的煅烧温度低于800℃时, 所得粉体主要为无定型态, 煅烧温度超过900℃后, 晶相大量形成; 当以无定型粉体或900℃煅烧获得的细小粒径粉体为原料时, 均难以获得致密结构的陶瓷; 形成完整的粉体原料晶相以及粒径的增大, 有利于陶瓷体的致密烧结和微波介电性能的提高. 粒径分别为50～100nm以及90～300nm的陶瓷粉体, 在1320℃烧结后均获得良好的微波介电性能, 介电常数ε_r分别为6.62、6.71, 品质因数Q×f值分别为36962、41842GHz, 谐振频率温度系数τf分别为--48.32×10^-6/℃、--49.63×10^-6/℃.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.