恒流量泵凸轮副润滑

本文依据弹流润滑理论,对胜利油田三次采油注聚合物用恒流量三缸往复泵凸轮副润滑状态进行了分析。凸轮副的卷吸速度是凸轮面绝对速度与接触点相对移动速度的组合。在纯滚动时凸轮副推程区的最小油膜厚度为1.63μm,纯滑动时最小油膜厚度为0.93μm。凸轮副膜厚比小于1,凸轮副的润滑状态为边界润滑,使凸轮表面易产生粘着效应和犁沟效应。最后根据膜厚比λ＞ 1．5对润滑油的性能和凸轮副的加工提出了要求。     

内燃机凸轮挺柱副润滑油膜厚度的电阻法测量

本文首次将电阻测量法用于内燃机凸轮挺柱副润滑油膜厚度的定性测量。作者在实验室中建立了凸轮挺柱副润滑油膜厚度电阻法测量的试验台。测量所得到的结果与作者采用分区考虑旋转膜和挤压膜的理论计算结果比较接近。同时作者还比较了用于凸轮挺柱副油膜厚度测量的电阻法、电容法和光干涉法等各自的优缺点，得出一些有益的结论。     

预紧力对内燃机排气凸轮/挺柱间润滑的影响研究

用数学仿真的方法对内燃机排气凸轮/挺柱摩擦副进行了热弹性流体动力润滑研究,在此基础上研究了凸轮/挺柱间的预紧力对摩擦副润滑的影响。在程序中预紧力分别取100 N、150 N和225 N,3种预紧力下计算所得的接触区中心压力、最小油膜厚度、摩擦因数和润滑油最高温度表现出不同的变化趋势。从计算结果来看,在保证其它要求的前提下预紧力越小对润滑越有利。     

零卷吸条件下滚子摩擦副弹流特性的实验研究

采用线接触光弹流实验装置,在摆动工况下研究滚子在零卷吸速度条件下的弹流特性,探讨不同周期同一载荷下滚子摩擦副在零卷吸速度时油膜厚度的变化情况,以及载荷对零卷吸速度下滚子弹流特性的影响。结果表明:在滚子转速近零卷吸速度时,挤压效应起主导作用,油膜被封在接触区内,形成凹陷,并且该处油膜较为稀薄;在往复运动工况下,滚子周期性运动的次数影响零卷吸速度时滚子的油膜厚度,在起动瞬间滚子中部的油膜厚度最小,随着摆动次数的增加,滚子中部的油膜厚度逐渐增加,多次摆动后,油膜将达到相对稳定的厚度;载荷对滚子零卷吸速度下的弹流特性影响较大,随载荷的增大接触区增大,滚子端部最小油膜厚度变小,滚子端部边缘效应增大。     

表面磨损对非牛顿弹流润滑性能的影响

考虑磨损对润滑状态的影响,构建带有磨损带的非牛顿流体圆接触热弹流润滑模型,分析磨损半宽对油膜压力、厚度、温度和摩擦因数的影响,并与牛顿流体的热弹流解进行比较。结果表明,随着磨损半宽的增大,最小油膜厚度明显减小,且总是处于磨损带边缘附近,并向入口处移动;而中心膜厚随磨损半宽的增大线性增大;卷吸速度、载荷及滑滚比对膜厚随磨损半宽改变的影响不大;非牛顿效应对温度和摩擦因数有较大影响。     

内燃机排气凸轮/挺柱机构的瞬态热弹性流体动力润滑研究

在对内燃机排气凸轮/挺柱机构进行运动学和动力学分析的基础上,采用多重网格法和多重网格积分技术对该摩擦副进行了热弹性流体动力润滑研究。结果表明:凸轮的一个旋转周期内的不同瞬时摩擦副的润滑状况存在显著的差别,压力、膜厚等相关参数都表现出剧烈的变化;最小膜厚和最高接触压力出现在凸轮挑尖处;卷吸速度为零的2个工作点之间是凸轮-挺柱润滑的危险区;摩擦造成的润滑油温升超过40℃。     

流变模型对弹流润滑数值解的影响

采用Carreau流变模型和Ree-Eyring流变模型,研究不同流变模型对黏度较低的Squalane润滑油弹流润滑数值解的影响。分别计算不同卷吸速度、不同滑滚比下Eyring流变模型、Carreau流变模型的摩擦因数,并与试验值进行比较,同时比较Eyring流变模型与Carreau流变模型的摩擦因数、油膜最高温度、中心膜厚及最小膜厚随滑滚比、卷吸速度和最大赫兹压力变化的数值解。结果表明:在滑滚比较小时Eyring流变模型的摩擦因数更加接近试验值,在滑滚比较大时Carreau流变模型的摩擦因数更接近试验值;滑滚比对不同流变模型之间数值解的差别没有影响;随着卷吸速度的增大,Eyring流变模型所对应的膜厚值逐渐高于Carreau流变模型,而油膜最高温度逐渐小于Carreau流变模型;随着最大赫兹压力的增大,Carreau流变模型的油膜最高温度及摩擦因数逐渐大于Eyring流变模型。研究表明,在温和工况下Eyring流变模型更适合Squalane润滑油的弹流分析。     

船用发动机重载工况下凸轮-滚轮副混合热弹流润滑分析

凸轮-滚轮副是大功率船用发动机配气机构的关键摩擦副,除受到弹簧力和自身的惯性力之外,还受到来自喷油器的极高燃油压力,工作条件极为苛刻。为了分析该摩擦副的性能,建立船用发动机重载工况下凸轮-滚轮副的混合热弹流润滑模型,计算燃油压力作用下的摩擦副油膜润滑、摩擦温升和磨损性能。结果表明：喷油器的燃油压力会显著降低凸轮-滚轮摩擦副之间的油膜厚度,同时产生较为严重的微凸体接触;随着环境温度的提高,凸轮-滚轮副的油膜厚度以及油膜温升会有所下降,而微凸体接触压力、摩擦力以及摩擦功率均会显著增加;滚轮打滑会造成凸轮-滚轮摩擦副的油膜厚度下降,同时导致油膜温升以及微凸体接触压力增大和并且致使表面磨损显著加剧。     

摩擦副表面沟槽型织构润滑性能的数值仿真

从目前的研究来看,织构的深度和载荷对油膜的润滑性能具有显著的影响,然而,在载荷变化的情况下,润滑膜的最小膜厚和黏性阻力是一个动态变化的过程。因此不同载荷下,最佳织构深度的选取还需系统地进行分析。通过建立沟槽型织构流体润滑模型,分析了织构的深度以及承载力对摩擦副的油膜厚度、压力、剪切力、以及摩擦因数的影响。结果表明:在承载力一定时,油膜厚度随织构深度的增加呈先增大后减小的趋势。在89 N载荷下时,存在最佳油膜厚度6.4184 μm,此时织构深度为2.97 μm,摩擦因数为0.0162。     

内燃机排气凸轮-滚轮副异常工况下热弹流润滑分析

以某型号内燃机排气凸轮-滚子副为研究对象，建立有限长线接触条件下瞬态热弹流润滑数学模型及完全数值求解方法。依据实际载荷谱等工作参数下，给出凸轮-滚子间的滑动模型，获得凸轮-滚子副在凸轮旋转周期内润滑特性，并分析凸轮与滚子之间的打滑、滚轮偏斜和滚轮凸度对接触副润滑的影响。结果表明：打滑导致接触区温度和摩擦因数明显升高，从而弱化接触区润滑状态；滚子偏斜时油膜厚度明显减小，增加润滑失效的可能性。研究表明，在设计滚子凸度时考虑滚子偏斜问题的影响，可以在一定程度上缓解其负面影响。研究结果为凸轮-滚子副的润滑设计提供了一定的理论依据。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

Fifth International Summer School on Screw-Theory Based Methods in Robotics

正3-11 September,2014University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy www.summerscrews.org summerscrews2014.ing.unibo.it SUMMER 20SCREWS 14In 2014,our screw-theory school comes to the world's oldest university.In early September,Summer Screws'14 will gather six experts in the application of screw theory in robotics and up to 40 participants at the University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy.The school will teach attendees how to apply existing methods and empower them to develop new ones in their own research.The basic theoretical notions will be introduced in a rigorous manner,emphasizing examples,applications,and exercises.Scholarships are available.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND VISUALISATION-A PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE

Taking the actual project of teaching and researching process for example, the relationship between the industrial engineering and product development is discussed. And use the novel visualization technology to support the industrial engineering and product development. How to use the new computer modeling and simulating technologies to support the product development and industrial engineering, is introduced especially. The support includes both domestic products and industrial systems. The visualization and computer technologies take a very important role in some system or multi-direction modeling, those technologies mentioned above can help the industrial engineers study the effect of design on the whole life circle, including the producing steps. So the engineers can avoid making the wrong decision which may cause bad effects on the whole industrial engineering.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...