NUMERICAL SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE GUIDE-VANE FLOW AND THE INFLUENCE FROM THE LEAKAGE FLOW

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NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE TIP CLEARANCE FLOWS ON THE UNSTEADY CAVITATING FLOWS IN A THREE- D IMENSIONAL INDUCER

To clarify the influences of the tip clearance flows on the unsteady cavitating flow,the three-dimensional unsteady cavitating flows through both the two-dimensional cascades and the three-dimensional inducer with and without tip clearance are performed numerically.The governing equations for the compressible fluid flow with the DES turbulence model are employed with the assumption of the isentropic process of liquid phase.The evolution of cavities is represented as the source/sink of vapor phase.The basic equations in the curve linear coordinate are solved by the finite difference method.As the results of the three-dimensional cavitating flows through the two-dimensional cascades,the tip clearance flows from the pressure side to the suction side of the blade produces the tip vortex cavitation,which affects the sheet cavitation on the leading edge of the next blade and enhances the blockage effect near the casing than the flows without tip clearance.On the other hand,in the case of the three-dimensional inducer,the large backflow cavitation is observed around the inlet of the inducer,where the cavities are developed on the casing by the tip clearance flows.The large pressure gradient between the non-cavitating pressure side and the cavitating suction side enhances the tip clearance flows.The calculation considering the tip clearance reproduces the developed cavitation region similar to that of experimental visualizations.Additionally,the backflow cavitation rotates with the speed slower than the rotation speed of the inducer.Then,the rotation of backflow cavitation causes the periodic fluctuation of the outlet pressure greater than that of the inlet pressure.     

九龙峡水电站溢流堰三维数值模拟

利用 FLUNET 软件,以 k-ε湍流模型封闭 Reynods 方程,采用 VOF 法追踪自由水面,对九龙峡水电站表孔溢流堰的水流按定常流动进行了三维数值模拟。结果表明：溢流堰的泄流能力、水面线、压力分布和流速分布等计算结果与模型试验实测结果吻合良好,说明数值模拟计算可以用于一些水工建筑物泄流计算和设计     

轴流式水轮机轮缘间隙流动引起的叶片正面头部空蚀磨损机理的研究

对轴流转桨式水轮机轮缘间隙流动及空化特性进行数值模拟和试验研究,重点分析轮缘间隙流动在正面头部泄漏流动所引起的泄漏涡带、二次流动的漩涡强度和空化特性,以及泄漏涡带旋转、二次流动的漩涡与空蚀和磨损之间的关系。通过对不同材料的特性比较,解释了材料特性与冲角之间的关系,综合阐述了泄漏流动所引起叶片正面头部空蚀与磨损联合作用产生破坏的机理。     

FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF THE FLOW INDUCED BY ROTATING BLADES IN AN INCOMPRESSIBLE VISCOUS FLUID

Aerodynamic loads on a multi-bladed helicopter rotor in hovering flight were calculated by solving the three-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. The rotor wake effects were accounted by the correction of local geometric angle of attack according to a free-wake modeling in addition to an empirical modification for the tip flow effect. The validity and efficiency of the present method were verified by the comparisons between numerical results and experimental data.     

HYBRID FINITE ANALYTIC SOLUTION FOR THREE-DIMENSIONAL TIDAL FLOW WITH SIGMA COORDINATE SYSTEM

1.　INTRODUCTIONTounderstandthecirculationandpollutanttransportinestuarineandcoastalwaters,numericalmodelshavebeenextensivelydevelopedduringthelasttwodecades.Thetransportofsalinity,heat,sedimentandwaterqualityconstituentwasdescribedbyadvectionanddiffusioninnumericalsimulations.Toconsidertheverticalvariation,inmanythree-dimensionaltransportmodels(SwansonandSpaulding1985;BlumbergandMllor1987;andSheng1987)thewell-knownσ-transformation(Philips1957)wasemployedinthepresenceofirrgularbathymtr…     

辐流式沉淀池液固两相流力学特性三维数值模拟

采用两相流混合模型,选取RNG k-ε湍流模型封闭两相流时均方程,对辐流式二次沉淀池液固两相流力学特性进行三维数值模拟。采用有限体积法求解微分方程;紊动能、紊流耗散均采用Quick离散格式;速度与压力耦合求解时使用了压力隐式算子分裂PISO(Pressure-Implicit with Splitting of Operators)算法。通过模拟获得了速度场、紊动能和污泥质量浓度等参量在空间的分布规律,对沉淀池的设计有一定的参考价值。     

二维非定常水跃湍流现象的数值模拟

通过求解时均N-S方程及K-ε湍流模型,数值模拟了典型水跃湍流由静止到最终稳定的全过程,采用VOF模型跟踪自由表面的变化.本文给出了水跃现象在不同时刻自由表面的变化情况,主要对水跃过程中自由表面的形状、内部流场结构、速度矢量场及压力场分布进行了分析.结果表明,VOF模型能够有效地描述水跃这类复杂自由表面流道的湍流特性,...     

往复流作用下海底管线冲刷模拟研究

海底管线冲刷悬空是诱发管道涡激振动破坏的一个主要原因。为更好地对管线冲刷悬空情况进行评估,本文应用水动力-泥沙冲刷耦合模型,对往复潮流作用淤泥质海床海底管线局部冲刷过程进行了模拟研究,模型采用标准k-ε紊流方程对N-S方程进行封闭,控制方程采用有限差分法进行离散,模拟结果表明,双向潮流作用下,管道局部冲刷轮廓基本呈现对称状态,其最大冲刷深度位置因水流流速的转向而有所摆动,往复流引起的冲刷深度较恒定流情况减小约20%左右。     

A NONHYDROSTATIC NUMERICAL MODEL FOR DENSITY STRATIFIED FLOW AND ITS APPLICATIONS

A modular numerical model was developed for simulating density-stratified flow in domains with irregular bottom topography. The model was designed for examining interactions between stratified flow and topography, e.g,, tidally driven flow over two-dimensional sills or internal solitary waves propagating over a shoaling bed. The model was based on the non-hydrostatic vorticity-stream function equations for a continuously stratified fluid in a rotating frame. A self-adaptive grid was adopted in the vertical coordinate, the Alternative Direction Implicit （ADI） scheme was used for the time marching equations while the Poisson equation for stream-function was solved based on the Successive Over Relaxation （SOR） iteration with the Chebyshev acceleration. The numerical techniques were described and three applications of the model were presented.     

Application of CLEAR-VOF method to wave and flow simulations

A two-dimensional numerical model based on the Navier-Stokes equations and computational Lagrangian-Eulerian advection remap-volume of fluid (CLEAR-VOF) method was developed to simulate wave and flow problems. The Navier-Stokes equations were discretized with a three-step finite element method that has a third-order accuracy. In the CLEAR-VOF method, the VOF function F was calculated in the Lagrangian manner and allowed the complicated free surface to be accurately captured. The propagation of regular waves and solitary waves over a flat bottom, and shoaling and breaking of solitary waves on two different slopes were simulated with this model, and the numerical results agreed with experimental data and theoretical solutions. A benchmark test of dam-collapse flow was also simulated with an unstructured mesh, and the capability of the present model for wave and flow simulations with unstructured meshes, was verified. The results show that the model is effective for numerical simulation of wave and flow problems with both structured and unstructured meshes.     

Numerical and experimental turbulence studies on shallow open channel flows

The standard shallow water equations (SWEs) model has been proven to be insufficient to consider the flow turbulence due to its simplified Reynolds-averaged form. In this study, the k-ε model was used to improve the ability of the SWEs model to capture the flow turbulence. In terms of the numerical source terms modelling, the combined SWEs k-ε model was improved by a recently proposed surface gradient upwind method (SGUM) to facilitate the extra turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) source terms in the simulation. The laboratory experiments on both the smooth and rough bed flows were also conducted under the uniform and non-uniform flow conditions for the validation of the proposed numerical model. The numerical simulations were compared with the measured data in the flow velocity, TKE and power spectrum. In the power spectrum comparisons, a well-studied Kolmogorov's rule was also employed to complement both the numerical and experimental results and to demonstrate that the energy cascade trend was well-held in the investigated flows.     

地下水流与河网水流的耦合模型

从河道水流一维不稳定流(扩展的圣维南方程组)有限差分的递代方程和地下水的有限元数值方法出发，通过河道四周地下水流与河道水流的交换流量把两个模型数值计算的矩阵方程从理论上耦合起来.理想水文流域系统的计算结果表明，模型的设计是合理的     

THE NUMERICAL CALCULATION FOR THE STERN FLOW OF THREE DIMENSIONAL SURFACE SHIP WITH MULTI-PRO-PELLERS IN OPERATION

In this paper the complex structure and pattern of ship stern flow driven by multi-propellers is simulated numerically by using RANS equations with K-ε turbulence model and propeller lifting surface theory as essential research tool and coupling the computer code of ship stern flow to the computer code of propeller performance prediction through the medium of body force.A ship model with four propellers is selected as the numerical example.Detailed computational results are presented graphically and the qualitative and quantitative analysis is made. Finally,the comparison between the calculated result and the available experimental data is made.The agreement between them is satisfactory.     

LAMINAR DEVELOPING FLOW IN THE ENTRANCE REGION OF ROTATING CURVED PIPES

1. INTRODUCTION The flow in rotating curved pipes with a constant circular cross-section have found wide applications in heat exchangers, piping systems, electric motors, chemical reactors and many other engineering systems. One of the principle features …     

一种新的高精度的溃坝水流数值模型

溃坝问题，严格来讲，是一种不连续洪水波问题．传统的水流数值模型都是建立在数值求解圣维南方程组基础上的，而该方程组的基本假定就是水流必须具有连续性，所以，以圣维南方程为基本控制方程的水流数值模型应用于溃坝问题的计算是非常牵强的．提出一种新的以描述分子运动的BGK波尔兹曼方程为基础的水流数值模拟方法，这种方法没有水流连续性假定，计算表明，这种数值模型能够精确、稳定地模拟溃坝波问题。     

COMPUTER-AIDED ANALYSIS OF UNSTEADY PARTIALLY FILLED FLOWS IN DRAINAGE SYSTEMS

The partially filled pipeflows encountered in drainage systems belong to a family of unsteady flow problems capable of numerical solution via the method of characteristics.The defining equations in terms of flow depth,velocity and surface wave speed are developed and numerically solved by characteristic-difference method with time-lineinterpolation scheme.Boundary conditions for inflow,outflow,moving hydraulic jump and junctions are developed both experimentally and numerically.Full scale model experiments were carried out and it was consequently clarified that numerical model is capable of predicting flow characteristics in realistic drainage networks.     

混流式水轮机上冠空腔结构内部流场及单向流固耦合分析

为研究上冠空腔结构对混流式水轮机水力性能与结构特性的影响,建立了不含上冠空腔结构（No UpperCrown Cavity Structure,NUCCS）和含上冠空腔结构（Upper Crown Cavity Structure,UCCS）的两种混流式水轮机全流道几何模型,基于SST湍流模型、顺序耦合法、预应力模态分析,对NUCCS与UCCS的两种混流式水轮机展开数值模拟和单向瞬态流固耦合计算,发现泄水锥处上冠空腔结构可减少转轮内部二次流动损失。在0.8Q_d、Q_d和1.2Q_d的3种流量工况点,分别对混流式水轮机展开瞬态流固耦合计算,对比研究转轮结构的应力应变特性。研究发现含UCCS时,转轮等效应力和变形量均有减小。在小流量0.8Q_d工况点,转轮结构等效应力及应变较小,其最大变形点位于下环附近。在设计流量Q_d和大流量1.2Q_d工况点,转轮等效应力及应变较大,其最大变形点位于上冠附近。在NUCCS与UCCS的转轮进行预应力模态分析时,发现上冠空腔结构对转轮的模态影响很小。本文研究内容可为提升混流式水轮机设计水平提供一定参考依据。     

Turbulence characteristics in free-surface flow over two-dimensional dunes

The turbulent structure of open-channel flows over two-dimensional dunes is investigated numerically using large-eddy simulation (LES), in order to improve our understanding of the interaction between the dune-generated turbulence and the free surface dynamics. The filtered Navier–Stokes equations in the LES model have been discretised using the finite volume method, with a dynamic sub-grid model being employed for the unresolved scales of turbulence. The partial cell treatment has been implemented in a Cartesian grid form to deal with the dune topography. Both the volume of fluid method and rigid lid approach have been employed in the numerical framework to investigate the effects of the free surface treatment on the flow characteristics. The numerical model predicted mean flow velocities, turbulence intensities and Reynolds stresses have been compared with experimental measurements published in the literature, with a detailed analysis being undertaken to assess the accuracy of the model results and the effects of the free surface treatment on the velocity and turbulence predictions. The instantaneous flow structure has been investigated, with emphasis being focused on the free surface dynamics and coherent structures.     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF DISCONTINUOUS FLOW IN CIRCULAR CONDUITS

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