基于碳纤维表面修饰制备碳纤维织物增强聚苯硫醚(CFF/PPS)热塑性复合材料

碳纤维织物增强聚苯硫醚(CFF/PPS)复合材料是重要的热塑性航空复合材料,其难点为提高碳纤维(CF)与基体的浸润性及界面强度。探讨了CF表面修饰对CFF/PPS界面结合强度的影响,对比了热处理去浆及三种表面修饰剂对碳纤维单丝及CFF/PPS复合材料的改性效果。采用X射线光电子能谱分析(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、单丝强度测试、复合材料静力学测试和动态力学分析等手段对CF表面修饰效果进行评价,建立了基于CF表面修饰制备高性能CFF/PPS热塑性航空复合材料的方法。制备的复合材料层间剪切强度达91.4MPa,弯曲强度953.7MPa,拉伸强度797.4MPa,模量68.4GPa,冲击强度58.3kJ/m2,用SEM观察到CF表面包覆大量PPS树脂。     

碳纤维织物增强聚苯硫醚复合材料的制备及性能

采用薄膜叠压法制备碳纤维织物增强聚苯硫醚(CFF/PPS)复合材料层压板,研究了热压温度、热压压力和热压时间对复合材料层压板力学性能的影响,确定了制备CFF/PPS复合材料的理想工艺参数为:热压温度320～330℃,热压压力0.15～0.20MPa,热压时间8～10min。在该参数下制得的层压板拉伸强度为652MPa,弯曲强度为711MPa,层间剪切强度为43MPa;在6.7J/mm的冲击能量下,层压板的冲击后压缩剩余强度为116MPa。     

聚醚砜对连续碳纤维/聚醚醚酮复合材料性能的影响

以聚醚砜(PES)作为第三组分及活化PES作为连续碳纤维(CCF)的表面改性剂制备CCF/聚醚醚酮(PEEK)复合材料,重点研究CCF/PEEK复合材料的制备工艺方法对其性能的影响。结果表明:PES作为第三组分制备的CCF/PEEK复合材料,当填充16wt%的CCF时,复合材料表面电阻降低到107~109 Ω,出现导电逾渗状态,此时摩擦系数降到最低(0.2430)。活化PES作为表面改性剂制备的CCF/PEEK复合材料,当填充30wt%的CCF时,复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、冲击强度分别提高到236.2 MPa、345.1 MPa、12.3 kJ/m2,相比无PES改性的CCF30/PEEK复合材料分别提高了13.69%,21.70%,36.97%,其中PES起到显著的均匀分散CCF与界面粘结作用。摩擦学研究结果表明,复合材料的摩擦性能不仅取决于润滑材料CCF在基体中的分布还取决于CCF与基体的界面作用力。      

碳纤维增强TiC复合材料的制备与高温强度

采用热压烧结工艺制备了碳纤维增强 Ti C复合材料 (2 0 vol%碳纤维 ) ,研究了热压烧结温度对力学性能的影响和碳纤维对复合材料高温强度的增强作用。结果表明 :采用球磨湿混工艺将易于团聚的短碳纤维均匀地分散在 Ti C基体中 ,Cf/ Ti C复合材料最佳热压烧结温度为 2 10 0℃ ,Cf/ Ti C复合材料的室温抗弯强度为 5 93MPa,断裂韧性为 6 .87MPa· m1 / 2 ,140 0℃时的高温抗弯强度为 439MPa。定量分析了碳纤维对复合材料的增强和增韧效果     

碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮复合材料研究进展

近年来,碳纤维增强热塑性复合材料（CFRTP）,尤其是碳纤维/聚醚醚酮（CF/PEEK）复合材料以其优异的综合性能受到了大量关注。高性能碳纤维/聚醚醚酮复合材料具有强度大、韧性好、使用温度高等诸多优点,在航空航天、机械、电气、汽车工业和生物工程等领域得到了广泛的应用。针对近年的研究热点,对碳纤维/聚醚醚酮复合材料在界面性能、力学性能、生物相容性、成型工艺、失效机理等方面的研究进展进行了综述,为材料的制备技术研究及产业化应用奠定基础。      

碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮复合材料的制备与性能

通过高温模压方法,制备了碳纤维/聚醚醚酮(CF/PEEK)复合材料。采用差示扫描量热、热失重、弯曲测试、拉伸测试、扫描电子显微镜等分析方法对制品热学性能和力学性能进行了分析。分析结果表明,制备CF/PEEK复合材料的最佳工艺参数为:成型温度380℃~390℃,停留时间30 min,保温保压30 min、2 MPa~3 MPa,后期保压压力4 MPa~5MPa,保压时间3 h。复合材料制品弯曲强度达到1783 MPa,分解温度达578℃,表明其具有优良的力学性能和热稳定性。     

羟基磷灰石的表面改性对羟基磷灰石/聚醚醚酮复合材料力学和摩擦性能的影响

采用共沉淀法制备纳米羟基磷灰石（HA）,并用硅烷偶联剂KH560对其进行表面改性;然后,以聚醚醚酮（PEEK）为基体,通过热压成型工艺制备原始HA/PEEK与改性HA/PEEK复合材料。考察两种HA的引入对复合材料结构、力学性能和摩擦性能的影响。利用XRD、FTIR、FESEM、拉伸测试、DMA和摩擦测试对两种HA/PEEK复合材料的结构和性能进行了表征。结果表明：HA表面引入了硅烷偶联剂KH560;改性前后HA的晶型结构没有明显改变;两种HA对PEEK基体的结晶结构也没有产生影响;改性HA在PEEK基体中分散均匀;与纯PEEK相比,10wt%改性HA/PEEK复合材料的储能模量增加了55.56%,玻璃化温度增加了3.6℃,磨痕深度降低了31.1%,有效改善了复合材料的热力学性能和摩擦性能;改性HA/PEEK拉伸强度为68.33 MPa,能够满足人骨的强度要求。     

连续碳纤维/聚酰胺6混编织物复合材料的成型及性能研究

为了改善碳纤维/聚酰胺6织物复合材料界面的结合状态,提高复合材料的力学性能,通过混编的方式制备了碳纤维/聚酰胺6预制体,混编织造前碳纤维经500℃-2 min高温处理后浸泡在1wt%浓度的PA 845H-TDS-CN上浆液中20 s,最后将预制体通过热压成型,制备碳纤维织物/聚酰胺6复合材料。采用TGA、DSC、SEM、万能拉伸试验机分析碳纤维/聚酰胺6复合材料的热性能、晶型变化、微观形貌及力学性能。结果表明,聚酰胺6树脂主要以α晶型存在,结晶较为完善。纤维拔出后,单根碳纤维表面附着部分尼龙基体,碳纤维与尼龙基体形成了良好的界面层。优化后的层合板工艺为：铺层数10层,热压温度240℃,热压压力3 MPa,热压时间15 min。此工艺下,复合材料平均拉伸强度达到了825 MPa,弯曲强度平均值达到了520 MPa。     

表面处理对碳纤维/聚醚醚酮复合材料相容性及其力学性能的影响研究

通过KMnO_4、(NH_4)_2HPO_4和浓HNO_3对PAN基碳纤维(T300)进行表面改性,以聚醚醚酮(PEEK)为基体,制备碳纤维(CF)/聚醚醚酮复合材料。利用红外光谱和拉曼光谱对改性后的CF表面结构进行了研究。通过扫描电镜观察了CF和PEEK之间的界面粘结情况,用拉伸实验机对复合材料进行力学测试。结果表明,KMnO_4、(NH_4)_2HPO_4和浓HNO_3处理后CF表面无序度和活性碳原子增多,提高了CF表面活性,其中浓HNO3处理后CF表面含无序度最大,表面活性更强,制备的CF/PEEK复合材料相容性及其力学性能最好。     

制备工艺对单向连续碳纤维增强聚醚砜复合材料层间结合强度的影响

采用溶液浸渍和热压成型制备了以聚醚酚为基体的单向连续碳纤维增强复合材料,研究了不同树脂浓度和热压工艺参数下复合材料的层间剪切强度。结果表明:成型温度高的复合材料具有较高的层间剪切强度,适当延长保温时间能够大幅度提高复合材料的性能。扫描电镜和热重分析表明树脂基体与碳纤维之间结合紧密,不同树脂含量的复合材料在热压成型过程中,界面处有不同的作用机理。     

A comparative study on mechanical properties of carbon fiber/PEEK composites

The aim of this work was to improve mechanical properties such as flexural strength and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) thermoplastic polymer which has very high processing temperature due to its high melting temperature. Carbon fiber (CF) surface was modified by two different methods: oxidative and non-oxidative. Piranha solution and chromate solution were used for chemical treatment (oxidative treatment), and silicone based polymers were used for polymer coating (non-oxidative). The changes on the surface structure and surface chemistry were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. FTIR results indicate that coating fibers decreases carbon element content, whereas increases the oxygen and silicone content as well as their functional groups on the surface. Flexural strength and ILSS properties of CF/PEEK composites were measured according to ASTM D-790 and ASTM D2344, respectively.     

碳纤维-AlN/聚醚醚酮复合材料的制备与性能

以聚醚醚酮(PEEK)为基体树脂、碳纤维(CF)和氮化铝(AlN)为填料,通过模压成型的方法制备了抗静电耐热型CF-AlN/PEEK复合材料。采用高阻计、导热系数测定仪、热失重、差示扫描量热仪和SEM研究了CF-AlN/PEEK复合材料的抗静电性能、热性能、力学性能以及降温速率对复合材料性能的影响,并探讨了后期热处理对力学性能的影响。结果表明:当CF和AlN的质量分数均为10%时,CF-AlN/PEEK复合材料的性能较优,其表面电阻率达到108 Ω,比PEEK的表面电阻率提高了6个数量级;导热系数为0.418 W·(m·K)-1,初始分解温度高达573℃;拉伸强度提高了40.4%;降温速率越低,复合材料的熔点越高;后期热处理会影响CF-AlN/PEEK复合材料的力学性能,在270℃下热处理2 h,其拉伸强度可达146 MPa,表明在生产过程中,加工温度是影响复合材料性能的因素之一。      

多孔PEEK自润滑材料的制备与摩擦磨损性能

采用模压-滤取和高温真空熔渍工艺制备了多孔聚醚醚酮(PEEK)发汗式自润滑材料,并分别考察了成型压力、造孔剂含量和润滑油脂种类对PEEK多孔自润滑材料的摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明,压力为100MPa,NaCl的质量分数为30%,采用通用锂基脂时,所得多孔PEEK自润滑材料的磨损率最低,200N下磨损率为2.73×10-16m3/(N.m),与纯PEEK干摩擦相比耐磨性提高了1245倍,其耐磨性较经典的炭纤维增强PEEK复合材料还提高了32倍。研究表明,多孔结构能够储存润滑油,在摩擦过程中能通过发汗作用在对偶面上形成稳定连续的油膜而起到良好的润滑作用,从而大幅降低复合材料的摩擦系数和磨损率。     

碳纤维／聚醚醚酮复合材料界面的强相互作用

利用Ｘ光电子能谱和Ｒａｍａｎ光谱研究了碳纤维／聚醚醚酮复合材料的界面结构，揭示了纤维和聚合物间存在着强相互作用：对树脂覆碳纤维结构的研究表明，聚合物的熔融促进这种强相互作用的形成，该作用涉及醚醚酮链段向共面构象的转变。     

碳纤维/聚醚醚酮单向带各向异性导电行为的尺度效应

具有导电各向异性的高分子复合材料(ACPCs)在场发射装置及传感器设计领域具有重要应用。常规的ACPCs很难获得超大导电各向异性系数,且力学性能有限。本文采用碳纤维(CF)宽展、表面浸润与树脂复合一体化超薄热塑性单向带制备方法,制备厚度为0.04 mm和0.1 mm的CF增强聚醚醚酮(CF/PEEK)复合材料单向带,以PEEK纤维为纬线制备CF/PEEK复合材料单向编织布,采用热成型工艺制备CF/PEEK复合材料单向层合板。利用数字万用表和霍尔效应系统测试层合板面内及厚度方向的电阻率和面内的电子迁移率;采用超景深显微镜观察CF/PEEK复合材料单向层合板面内和厚度方向的纤维排列形貌。结果表明,超薄CF/PEEK复合材料单向层合板面内(纤维方向与横向)导电率之比高达377,而面内横向和厚度方向的导电率之比接近1,表明CF/PEEK复合材料获得了良好的横观各向同性;超薄化CF/PEEK复合材料的面内电子迁移行为同样具有巨大的各向异性,这一结果为CF/PEEK复合材料在场发射器件、传感器设计及其灵敏度调控方面提供了实验基础。      

基于导热板的碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮复合材料感应焊接温度调控

研究了碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮(CF/PEEK)复合材料感应焊接中厚度方向及焊接面内的温度分布及调控。基于对温度分布结果的分析,使用导热板结合真空袋压的方式对CF/PEEK进行感应焊接,结合使用合适的功率及加热时间,测试了焊接件的单搭接强度,观测分析了焊接件的断裂形貌。结果表明,导热板对层合板表层和边缘均有良好的散热效果;焊接功率越低,焊接面的加热均匀性增加,但是会延长加热时间。在真空袋中对层合板上表面和两侧添加导热板,在输出功率示数为600时感应焊接300 s,焊接件的单搭接剪切强度达到41.57 MPa。      

Effects of potassium titanate whiskers and carbon fibers on the wear behavior of polyetheretherketone composite under water lubricated condition

The tribological behaviors of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) composite reinforced by carbon fiber (CF) and potassium titanate whiskers (PTW) have been investigated using the pin-on-disk configuration at different applied loads under water lubricated condition. The effects of micrometer carbon fiber and sub-micrometer PTW on the wear properties of the hybrid composite have been discussed. It was found that the PEEK/PTW/CF composite showed excellent tribological performance in water condition. High wear resistance and low friction coefficient were achieved under a wide range of loads. It was revealed that the two fillers worked synergetically to enhance the wear resistance of the hybrid reinforced PEEK composite. The carbon fiber carried the main load between the contact surfaces and protected the matrix from further severe abrasion of the counterpart. At the same time, the exposed PTW out of the polymer matrix around the fiber inhibited the direct scraping between the fiber edge and counterpart tip in some degree, so that the fibers could be less directly impacted during the subsequent sliding process and they were protected from severe damage. In addition, the reinforcement effect of PTW on PEEK could reduce the stress concentration on the carbon fiber-matrix interface, and thereby reduce the CF failure/damage. The reinforcement effect of PTW on PEEK might also restrict the crack initiation and propagation on the surface and subsurface of the composite, and therefore to protect the matrix from fatigue failure during the sliding process.     

Hybrid effect of nanoparticles with carbon fibers on the mechanical and wear properties of polymer composites

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) composites reinforced with carbon fibers (CFs) and nano-ZrO₂ particles were prepared by incorporating nanoparticles into PEEK/CF composites via twin-screw extrusion. The effects of nanoparticles on the mechanical and wear properties of the PEEK/CF composites were studied. The results showed that the incorporation of nano-ZrO₂ particles with carbon fiber could effectively enhance the tensile properties of the composites. The tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the composites increased with the increasing nano-ZrO₂ content. The enhancement effect of the particle was more significant in the hybrid reinforced composites. The compounding of the two fillers also remarkably improved the wear resistance of the composites under water condition especially under high pressures. It was revealed that the excellent wear resistance of the PEEK/CF/ZrO₂ composites was due to a synergy effect between the nano-ZrO₂ particles and CF. CF carried the majority of load during sliding process and prevented severe wear to the matrix. The incorporation of nano-ZrO₂ effectively inhibited the CF failures through reducing the stress concentration on the carbon fibers interface and the shear stress between two sliding surfaces. It was also indicated that the wear rates of the hybrid composites decreased with the increasing applied load and sliding distance under water lubrication. And low friction coefficient and low wear rate could be achieved at high sliding velocity.     

The mechanical properties of insert-molded poly (ether imide) (PEI)/C fiber poly (ether ether ketone)(PEEK) composites

The mechanical properties of insert-molded poly(ether imide) (PEI)/carbon fiber poly(etheretherketone) (CF PEEK) have been examined. Bimaterial composite specimens were constructed by injecting CF PEEK into a mold containing one-half of a PEI tensile specimen. These PEI/CF PEEK composites retained much of their strength and dimensional integrity at temperatures as high as 200°C. Variations in test speed had little affect on breaking strains or stiffness. For two grades of PEI examined, properties were independent of the molecular weight of the PEI. Ultimate properties and fracture surfaces suggested good adhesion between the PEI and CF PEEK, possibly aided by miscibility between the two materials. The PEI/CF PEEK bimaterial composites behaved similarly to PC/CF PEEK specimens, but exhibited higher breaking stresses and moduli, both at room and elevated temperatures.