热压烧结一步法制备C_f/Cu复合材料的组织和性能

为了简化工艺及提高性能,采用热压烧结一步法制备Cf/Cu复合材料。研究了Cf/Cu复合材料的界面反应原理、微观形貌及不同的Ti添加量对复合材料密度、硬度、强度等性能的影响。结果表明:Cu-C-Ti三元体系,在低于1100℃,碳纤维表面生成TiC层,该反应层降低了液态Cu与碳纤维的润湿角,改善了Cu与碳纤维的界面结合。探讨了TiC层的形成机制,提出了溶解在Cu液中的Ti原子与碳纤维接触生成TiC的微观反应模型。TiC层的形成有利于提高复合材料的性能。当Ti的质量分数为16.7%时,Cf/Cu复合材料的综合性能最好,其肖氏硬度高达HS66.94,抗弯强度为97.59 MPa。     

碳纤维复合Si_3N_4陶瓷材料的制备及性能研究(英文)

为研究碳纤维(Cf)加入量对复合材料性能的影响,本研究以Y2O3为烧结助剂,采用热压烧结技术制备了Cf/Si3N4复合材料,其中碳纤维加入量为0、2wt%和5wt%。选用乙醇作分散介质,通过球磨工艺可有效分散短切碳纤维。研究结果表明:碳纤维在复合材料中分散均匀,且材料中的晶粒在垂直于热压压力的方向呈现一定取向排列。高温烧结过程中,碳纤维与Si3N4或其表面的SiO2层发生反应,生成SiC中间层。适量碳纤维加入有助于提高复合材料的热导性能。当Cf加入量为2wt%时,Cf/Si3N4的热导率较高,为45.8 W/(m K);而不添加Cf的样品,其热导率为37.1 W/(m K)。加入Cf后,Cf/Si3N4的断裂韧性有小幅提高,维氏硬度在16.6~16.8 GPa范围内变化。     

碳纤维复合Si3N4陶瓷材料的制备及性能研究（英文）

为研究碳纤维(Cf)加入量对复合材料性能的影响,本研究以Y2O3为烧结助剂,采用热压烧结技术制备了Cf/Si3N4复合材料,其中碳纤维加入量为0、2wt%和5wt%。选用乙醇作分散介质,通过球磨工艺可有效分散短切碳纤维。研究结果表明:碳纤维在复合材料中分散均匀,且材料中的晶粒在垂直于热压压力的方向呈现一定取向排列。高温烧结过程中,碳纤维与Si3N4或其表面的SiO2层发生反应,生成SiC中间层。适量碳纤维加入有助于提高复合材料的热导性能。当Cf加入量为2wt%时,Cf/Si3N4的热导率较高,为45.8 W/(m K);而不添加Cf的样品,其热导率为37.1 W/(m K)。加入Cf后,Cf/Si3N4的断裂韧性有小幅提高,维氏硬度在16.6~16.8 GPa范围内变化。     

Ni和Ti的添加对Al2O3-Ti（C,N）复合材料性能的影响

研究了Ni和Ti的添加对真空热压烧结方法制备的Al2O3-Ti(C,N)陶瓷基复合材料的显微组织和力学性能的影响.发现添加Ni和Ti的复合材料主要由Al2O3、Ti(C,N)和Ni组成,没有发现存在金属Ti.Ti由于非常活泼,在热压烧结过程中可能与石墨模具产生的含C气氛反应生成TiC,或与高温下Ti(C,N)的少量分解产生的N2气氛反应生成TiN,这有利于减少复合材料中的气孔.适量添加Ni可通过液相烧结促进复合材料的致密化,提高复合材料的相对密度,并能通过产生裂纹偏转和裂纹桥联提高复合材料的断裂韧性.热压温度为1550℃、等摩尔比的Ni和Ti混合粉末添加量为5vol%时,Al2O3-Ti(C,N)-Ni-Ti复合材料的相对密度为99.6%,硬度为21GPa,抗弯强度为818MPa,断裂韧性为8.1 MPa.m1/2.     

热压反应烧结法制备Al_2O_3/Ti_2AlC复合材料及其微观结构和性能

以Ti、Al和活性炭粉为原料,通过高能球磨及热压反应烧结法在1200℃合成Al2O3/Ti2AlC复合材料,即是在Ti2AlC层状材料的制备过程中同时被合成。研究了烧结温度对反应产物的影响,并重点分析了材料微观结构和性能的关系。结果表明:高能球磨使Ti2AlC的烧结温度降低,热压烧结在1200℃时得到了物相比较均匀、致密的Al2O3/Ti2AlC复合材料;同时分析材料微观结构,少量Al2O3的引入抑制了Ti2A1C晶体的异常长大,使得晶粒细小且均匀。力学性能测试表明,该材料室温抗弯强度可达275.4MPa,断裂韧度可达10.5MPa.m1/2,密度为4.2g/cm3。     

TiB2掺杂对碳纤维增强锂铝硅复合材料抗氧化性的影响

目的 研究含有不同质量分数的TiB2的Cf/LAS复合材料的抗弯强度变化规律。方法 以碳纤维、TiB2、硝酸锂、硝酸铝、硅溶胶和氨水为主要原料，采用溶胶凝胶法结合浆料浸渍-热压烧结工艺，制备了加入TiB2的碳纤维增强锂铝硅微晶玻璃（LAS）复合材料Cf/LAS(TiB2)，利用XRD、FTIR、万能材料试验机、SEM等对Cf/LAS(TiB2)复合材料的性能和微观结构进行研究。结果 TiB2的质量分数为1%, 3%, 5%, 9%的Cf/LAS(TiB2)复合材料，在1000 ℃热处理30 min后的强度保留率分别为2.9%, 29.1%, 44.0%, 50.0%。结论 材料的强度保留率随TiB2含量的增多而上升，因此Cf/LAS(TiB2)复合材料的抗氧化性随着TiB2含量的增加而增强。     

真空退火对原位Al2O3/Fe-Cr-Ni增强复合材料性能的影响

铁铬镍合金具有良好的高温强韧性和抗蠕变性,被广泛应用于制造航空发动机、工业燃气轮机等设备。利用原位合成和热压烧结工艺制备Al2O3/Fe-Cr-Ni复合材料。为减少脆性相对复合材料性能的影响,将热压烧结试样在1000℃下真空保温2h后退火。采用XRD和SEM等测试方法,研究热处理后Al2O3/Fe-Cr-Ni复合材料的微观结构和常温力学性能。结果表明:Al2O3/Fe-Cr-Ni复合材料主要由Fe-Cr-Ni合金相、Fe-Cr相和Al2O3陶瓷增强相组成。热压烧结试样的维氏硬度、抗弯强度和断裂韧度分别为4.16GPa、298.31MPa和8.04MPa·m1/2。经1000℃高温热处理后,复合材料中Fe-Cr相发生奥氏体转变和合金基体晶粒长大,导致硬度下降至2.98GPa。Fe-Cr-Ni合金基体中韧性相含量和基体连续性增加,使该复合材料的抗弯强度和断裂韧度明显上升,其值分别为459.33MPa和12.81MPa·m1/2。     

烧结温度对Cf/SiC复合材料结构及性能的影响

以碳纤维为增强体, 热压烧结制备了C_f/SiC复合材料, 研究了烧结温度对C_f/SiC复合材料密度、结构及性能的影响. 研究发现: 提高烧结温度能够促进C_f/SiC复合材料的致密度; 当烧结温度低于1850℃时, 升高烧结温度, 复合材料的强度和断裂韧性也随之提高. 当烧结温度为1850℃时, 复合材料的性能最优, 弯曲强度达500.1MPa, 断裂韧性为16.9MPa·m ^1/2. 当烧结温度达到1880℃时, 复合材料性能反而下降.     

原位合成(TiB_2+TiC)/Ti_3SiC_2复相材料及其性能研究

在热力学分析的基础上,以TiH2粉、Si粉、石墨粉与B4C粉为原料,采用热压烧结法原位合成制备了(TiB2+TiC)/Ti3SiC2复相材料.采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜与透射电镜对材料的物相组成和显微结构进行了表征,研究了烧结温度对材料物相组成、烧结性能、力学性能与显微结构的影响.结果表明,1400～1600℃烧结温度范围内均能获得致密的(TiB2+TiC)/Ti3SiC2复合材料.随着烧结温度的升高,复合材料的强度、断裂韧性与显微硬度均逐渐提高,1500～1600℃烧结所得复合材料具有优化、微细的显微结构,抗弯强度与断裂韧性均分别高于700MPa与9MPa·m1/2,显微硬度为7.33～8.31GPa.原位合成的柱状TiB2与等轴状TiC协同作用,通过颗粒增强、裂纹偏转、晶粒拔出、晶粒细化等机制对Ti3SiC2基体起到了显著的补强增韧效果.     

碳纤维表面涂层对碳纤维增强锂铝硅玻璃陶瓷复合材料热导率的影响

通过溶胶浸渍的方法在碳纤维表面涂覆锂硅溶胶,在高温热处理后,在碳纤维表面形成了二阶和四阶石墨插层化合物。采用涂层处理后碳纤维制备碳纤维增强锂铝硅(Cf/LAS)玻璃陶瓷复合材料。结果表明,碳纤维表面石墨插层化合物的形成,显著提高了Cf/LAS复合材料的热传导能力,提高热压烧结温度有利于热导率的提高。碳纤维表面无涂层处理的Cf/LAS复合材料的热导率在1.1~1.3W/(m·K)之间,碳纤维表面经过涂层处理后,Cf/LAS复合材料的热导率从1.3W/(m·K)提高到2.2W/(m·K),提高了70%。     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

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