基于半监督学习的一种图像检索方法

为了提高图像检索的质量, 提出了一种基于半监督学习的图像检索方法。该方法提取图像的颜色、形状、纹理特征, 计算得到已知类别样本的中心图像, 检索过程中利用中心图像自适应调整相关度计算函数, 然后根据与查询图像相关度的大小对图像进行检索和排序。实验结果表明：该方法较已有的基于内容的图像检索方法有更高的查准率, 同时, 由查准率—查全率曲线可知该方法能够达到很好的检索质量。     

图像检索中一种新的相关反馈机制

1.引言近年来,随着图像数据的大量增加,对图像进行智能化、基于内容的处理愈来愈引起人们的极大兴趣。除了使用手工输入的关键字外(基于文本的方法),其于内容的图像检索(Content-Based Image Retrieval,CBIR)系统也使用图像的视觉特征来建立图像索引,所使用的图像低层特征包括:颜色、纹理和形状等。在CBIR系统中,最常用的检索模式是“例子查询”(Query By Example,QBE),即首先由用户选取一个或多个例子图像(Query Images),然后,系统自动地从图像库中检索出与其相似的数据库图像。在这种检索模式中,系统的检索能力完全依赖于图像特征的性质以及用户所选取的例子图像的质量。到目前为止,大多数研究均侧重于寻找一种最好的图像表示方法,而对于人在CBIR系统中的作用以及检索过     

一种基于混合特征核的图像检索方法

为了更准确地描述图像的视觉特征,提高图像检索的查准率与查全率,提出了一种基于混合特征核的图像检索方法.该方法提取图像的颜色、纹理、SIFT特征,引入高斯核函数,建立图像的混合特征核模型,在高维的核空间进行基于核的图像聚类.实验表明,该混合模型与传统多特征融合方法以及单一特征核方法相比,能够更好地表示图像的视觉特征,提高检索的查准率和查全率.     

基于颜色四通道及空间金字塔的鱼类图像检索

随着计算机视觉技术在海洋水产领域中的应用不断加深，鱼类图像检索在渔业资源调查、鱼类行为学分析等方面发挥了巨大的作用。通过研究发现，鱼类图像的背景信息会对鱼类图像检索造成极大干扰，而且鱼类图像中颜色、纹理、形状等特征由于空间位置信息的缺乏而使检索的准确率不高。为解决以上问题，提出了一种新的基于颜色四通道及空间金字塔的鱼类图像检索算法。首先，提取视觉显著性图将鱼类图像的前景和背景分开，从而减少图像背景对检索的干扰；其次，为了使图像特征包含一定的空间位置信息，利用空间金字塔的理论对图像进行分割，在此基础上，将图像转为HSVG四通道图并提取SURF特征；；最后，得到检索结果。为验证所提算法的有效性，在QUT_fish_data数据集和DLOU_fish_data数据集上对算法的查全率、查准率与经典的HSVG算法和显著性分块算法进行对比：在两个数据集上查准率分别比传统的HSVG算法最多分别提高12%和5%，查全率最多分别提高7%和22%；比传统的显著性分块算法查准率最多分别提高15%和5%，查全率最多分别提高36%和22%；从而证明所提算法是有效的，能有效提升鱼类图像的检索效果。     

一种基于检索结果集的图像检索相关反馈算法

基于内容的图像检索相关反馈方法大都把着眼点放在调整用户反馈和修改系统的查询策略上,忽略研究每轮检索结果包含的丰富信息。本文基于移动查询点算法,提出截取部分检索结果作为检索结果集,在结果集中使用SVM方法并以系统交互过程的记忆为辅助得到最终结果的方法。由对比实验表明,本文的方法比传统反馈方法具有更高的查准率和查全率。     

基于SVR分类的多特征彩色图像检索算法

传统的基于内容图像检索技术对图像领域没有限制,而宽泛的图像领域不仅严重影响了系统检索精度,而且增加了系统查询时间.本文提出一种基于SVR(Support Vector Regression)分类的多特征彩色图像检索新算法,该算法首先提取出图像的颜色、空间和纹理信息并作为图像的特征向量,然后以回归型支持向量机(SVR)为学习机器,对图像库进行分类处理以缩小图像领域范围,最后在较小的领域范围内进行图像检索.实验结果表明,本文算法能够准确和高效地查找出用户所需内容的彩色图像,并且具有较好的查准率和查全率.     

基于多特征融合的图像检索

目前图像检索的准确性是研究的难题,主要在于特征提取的方法。为了提高图像检索的精度,在图像底层特征研究的基础上,提出了一种综合多特征的图像检索算法--基于底层特征综合分析算法(CAUC)。首先,在YUV颜色空间下提取图像的平均值和标准方差作为全局颜色特征,获得图像的二值位图,提取其局部颜色特征;然后,基于紧密度和Krawtchouk矩不变量提取图像的形状特征;再根据改进的四像素共生矩阵算法提取图像的纹理特征;最后综合多特征将待查询图像与图像库中图像进行相似度计算,返回相似度高的图像。在Corel-1000的图像集上的实验结果显示,与原来仅考虑四像素共生矩阵的方法相比,CAUC的查准率与查全率没有明显降低,但检索时间大大减少;与另外两种多特征融合的图像检索方法相比,CAUC仍能在保证较高检索速度的同时提高查准率与查全率。实验结果表明,CAUC方案能有效提取图像特征,提高检索效率。     

发掘相关反馈日志中关联信息的图像检索方法

相关反馈日志蕴含着丰富的对象语义关联信息,但大多数基于内容的图像检索(CBIR)方法却缺乏对它们的重用.提出一种发掘反馈日志中图像关联信息的自动化图像检索方法,将反馈事例中图像的共生现象视为一定上下文中的图像分类.检索时,结合CBIR的检索结果和多种上下文中的图像分类实例,借鉴HITS算法的思想从中提炼图像的本质性关联,获得综合内容和语义的图像检索结果.对6万幅Corel图像数据库的实验表明,该方法可以显著改善查全率和查准率,且检索结果能够更好地满足用户的语义检索需求.     

基于多核学习和AP聚类的图像摘要选取方法*

针对交互式图像检索系统在特征空间中选取摘要图像时,遇到多种特征难以融合及聚类效果不佳等问题,提出了一种基于多核学习和AP(Affinity Propagation)聚类的图像摘要选取方法：先利用多核函数融合多种特征计算图像间的相似度,再进行AP聚类,并选取聚类中心图像作为整个图像集的摘要。实验表明,所选摘要图像能直观有效地反映原图像集的内容梗概,据此对原图像集的查询拥有较高的查全率和查准率。     

基于加权距离的机械设计图像异步检索方法

根据机械设计图像的形状特征,提出一种利用加权距离实现的多特征异步检索方法。首先利用机械设计图像的外接圆距离特征进行初步检索,再结合初步检索结果集的位置计算输入图像和初步检索结果集的加权Hu不变矩特征距离,并据此获得最终的检索结果。实验表明,与单一特征的检索方法相比,该方法在机械设计图像检索中有更高的查准率和查全率。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.